medical terminology complete · medical terminology complete! chapter second edition the skeletal...

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

Complete!

CHAPTER

Second Edition

The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Content Review Slides

Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd

Learning Objectives

• Define and spell the word parts used to create medical terms for the skeletal and muscular systems.

• Break down and define common medical terms used for symptoms, diseases, disorders, procedures, treatments, and devices associated with the skeletal and muscular systems.

Learning Objectives (cont.)

• Build medical terms from word parts associated with the skeletal and muscular systems.

• Pronounce and spell common medical terms associated with the skeletal and muscular systems.

The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

• Are combined to form the musculoskeletal system

• Work hand in hand to support the body and produce body movement

• Are subject to injury and inherited disorders, as well as diseases

Figure 6.1 Parts of a bone

Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts

• arthr/o, articul/o = joint

• burs/o = purse or sac, bursa

• carp/o = wrist

• chondr/o = gristle, cartilage

Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts (cont.)

• condyl/o = knuckle of a joint

• cost/o = rib

• cran/o, crani/o = skull, cranium

• fasci/o = fascia

• femor/o = thigh, femur

• fibr/o = fiber

• fibul/o = fibula

• ili/o = flank, hip, groin, ilium of the pelvis

• ischi/o = haunch, hip joint, ischium

• menisc/o = meniscus

• muscul/o = muscle

• my/o, myos/o = muscle

• myel/o = bone marrow

• orth/o = straight

• ost/o, oste/o = bone

• pariet/o = wall

• patell/o = patella

• ped/o = child

• petr/o = stone

• phalang/o = phalanges

• phys/o = growth

• pub/o = pubis

• radi/o = radius

• sacr/o = sacred, sacrum

• skelet/o = skeleton

• spondyl/o = vertebra

• stern/o = chest, sternum

• synov/o, synovi/o = synovial

• tars/o = tarsal bone

• ten/o, tendon/o = stretch, tendon

• vertebr/o = vertebra

Anatomy

Musculoskeletal system = the combined muscular and skeletal systems

Muscles = Composed of skeletal muscle tissue and connective tissue. Muscles along with tendons and bones produce body movement. Muscle contraction also produces heat, assisting the body in regulating body temperature.

Bones = Composed of mainly connective tissue receiving blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. Function in the support of soft internal organs, the storage of mineral salts including calcium and phosphorus, and the production of blood cells within the red bone marrow. Serve as an attachment site for muscles

Figure 6.2 The bones of the skeleton. The skeleton, anterior view.

Figure 6.3 The major muscles of the human body, anterior side.

Pathophysiology Terms

• Orthopedics: The branch of medicine focusing on disease and conditions of the musculoskeletal system, including injury, infections, tumor development, endocrine disease, and inherited disorders

• Orthopedist: A physician specializing in orthopedics

Source: vectomart / Shutterstock.com

Signs and Symptoms: Word Parts

• a- = without, absence of

• brady- = slow

• dys- = bad, abnormal, painful, difficult

• hyper- = excessive, abnormally high, above

Word Parts (cont.)

• arthr/o = joint

• kinesi/o = motion

• my/o = muscle

• tax/o = reaction to a stimulus

• ten/o = stretch, tendon

• troph/o = development

Word Parts (cont.)

• -a = singular

• -algia, -dynia = condition of pain

• -ia = condition of

• -y = process of

Muscle Atrophy Video

Click here to view a video on the topic of muscle atrophy.

Back to Directory

Muscular Dystrophy Video

Click here to view a video on the topic of muscular dystrophy.

Back to Directory

Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts

• a- = without, absence of

• epi- = upon, over, above, on top

• para- = alongside, abnormal

• poly- = excessive, over, many

• quadri- = four

Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.)

• ankyl/o = crooked

• arthr/o = joint

• carcin/o = cancer

• carp/o = wrist

• condyl/o = knuckle of a joint

• fibr/o = fiber

• kyph/o = hump

• leuk/o = white

• lith/o = stone

• lord/o = bent forward

• menisc/o = meniscus

• myel/o = bone marrow

• my/o, myos/o = muscle

• por/o = hole

• sarc/o = flesh, meat

• scoli/o = curved

• synov/o, synovi/o = synovial

• ten/o, tendon/o = stretch, tendon

• -algia = condition of pain

• -asthenia = weakness

• -cele = hernia, swelling, protrusion

• -emia = condition of blood

• -genesis = origin, cause

• -itis = inflammation

• -malacia = softening

• -oma = tumor

• -osis = condition of

• -plasia = formation, growth

• -plegia = paralysis

• -ptosis = drooping

Figure 6.4 Achondroplasia Source: itanistock/Alamy

Figure 6.5B Progressive changes of rheumatoid arthritis.

Arthritis Video

Click here to view a video on the topic of arthritis.

Back to Directory

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Video

Click here to view a video on the topic of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Back to Directory

Fractures

• Fracture: The clinical term for a break in a bone

• Colles’: A break in the distal part of the radius

• Comminuted: A break resulting in fragmentation of the bone

• Compression: A crushed break, often due to weight or pressure

• Displaced: A break causing an abnormal alignment of bone pieces

Fractures (cont.)

• Epiphyseal: A break at the location of the growth plate, which can affect growth of the bone

• Greenstick: A slight break in a bone that appears as a slight fissure in an x-ray

• Nondisplaced: A break in which the broken bones retain their alignment

• Pott’s: A break at the ankle that affects both bones of the leg • Spiral: A spiral-shaped break often caused by twisting stresses

along a long bone

Figure 6.6 Common bone fractures

Bone Healing Animation

Click here to view an animation on the topic of bone healing.

Back to Directory

Figure 6.7 Gout

Figure 6.8 Herniated disk

Figure 6.9 Spinal disfigurements

Figure 6.10 Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis Video

Click here to view a video on the topic of osteoporosis.

Back to Directory

Figure 6.11 Sprain

Treatments, Procedures, Devices: Word Parts

• arthr/o = joint

• cost/o = rib

• crani/o = skull, cranium

Treatments, Procedures, Devices: Word Parts (cont.)

• electr/o = electricity

• fasci/o = fascia

• lamin/o = thin, lamina

• my/o = muscle

• orth/o = straight

• syn/o = connect

• ten/o = stretch, tendon

• vertebr/o = vertebra

• -centesis = surgical puncture

• -clasia, -clasis = break apart

• -desis = surgical fixation or fusion

• -ectomy = surgical removal or excision

• -gram = a record or image

• -graphy = recording process

• -iatry = treatment or specialty

• -ist = one who specializes

• -lysis = loosen, dissolve

• -pathy = disease

• -plasty = surgical repair

• -rrhaphy = suturing

• -scope = instrument used for viewing

• -scopy = the process of viewing

• -tic = pertaining to

• -tomy = incision or to cut

Figure 6.12 Arthrocentesis

Arthroscopy Source: piotrwzk / Shutterstock.com

Figure 6.13 Arthroscopic surgery

Arthroscopy Video

Click here to view a video on the topic of arthroscopy.

Back to Directory

External ring fixation technique in orthopedic medicine sima / Shutterstock.com

Combining Form Quiz

1. cost/o a. straight

2. orth/o b. curved

3. arthr/o c. rib

4. kyph/o d. hump

5. scoli/o e. joint

Combining Form Quiz

1. cost/o a. straight

2. orth/o b. curved

3. arthr/o c. rib

4. kyph/o d. hump

5. scoli/o e. joint

medical terminology complete · medical terminology complete! chapter second edition the skeletal...

Documents

medical terminology complete! chapter second edition...

medical terminology complete! chapter second edition the...

medical transcription + medical terminology

medical terminology complete! chapter second edition the...

medical terminology complete! chapter second edition the...

medical terminology complete! chapter second edition...

medical terminology complete! chapter second edition the...

medical terminology 1. using medical terminology medical...

medical terms medical terminology. utah state office of...

medical terminology complete! chapter second edition the...

medical terminology complete! chapter second edition blood...

medical terminology complete! chapter second edition the...

medical terminology

medical terminology complete! chapter second edition the...