medical terminology complete · medical terminology complete! chapter second edition the skeletal...

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

Complete!

CHAPTER

Second Edition

The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

6

Content Review Slides

Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd

Learning Objectives

• Define and spell the word parts used to create medical terms for the skeletal and muscular systems.

• Break down and define common medical terms used for symptoms, diseases, disorders, procedures, treatments, and devices associated with the skeletal and muscular systems.


Learning Objectives (cont.)

• Build medical terms from word parts associated with the skeletal and muscular systems.

• Pronounce and spell common medical terms associated with the skeletal and muscular systems.


The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

• Are combined to form the musculoskeletal system

• Work hand in hand to support the body and produce body movement

• Are subject to injury and inherited disorders, as well as diseases


Figure 6.1 Parts of a bone


Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts

• arthr/o, articul/o = joint

• burs/o = purse or sac, bursa

• carp/o = wrist

• chondr/o = gristle, cartilage


Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts (cont.)

• condyl/o = knuckle of a joint

• cost/o = rib

• cran/o, crani/o = skull, cranium

• fasci/o = fascia



• femor/o = thigh, femur

• fibr/o = fiber

• fibul/o = fibula

• ili/o = flank, hip, groin, ilium of the pelvis

• ischi/o = haunch, hip joint, ischium



• menisc/o = meniscus

• muscul/o = muscle

• my/o, myos/o = muscle

• myel/o = bone marrow



• orth/o = straight

• ost/o, oste/o = bone

• pariet/o = wall

• patell/o = patella

• ped/o = child

• petr/o = stone



• phalang/o = phalanges

• phys/o = growth

• pub/o = pubis

• radi/o = radius



• sacr/o = sacred, sacrum

• skelet/o = skeleton

• spondyl/o = vertebra

• stern/o = chest, sternum



• synov/o, synovi/o = synovial

• tars/o = tarsal bone

• ten/o, tendon/o = stretch, tendon

• vertebr/o = vertebra


Anatomy

Musculoskeletal system = the combined muscular and skeletal systems

Muscles = Composed of skeletal muscle tissue and connective tissue. Muscles along with tendons and bones produce body movement. Muscle contraction also produces heat, assisting the body in regulating body temperature.

Bones = Composed of mainly connective tissue receiving blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. Function in the support of soft internal organs, the storage of mineral salts including calcium and phosphorus, and the production of blood cells within the red bone marrow. Serve as an attachment site for muscles


Figure 6.2 The bones of the skeleton. The skeleton, anterior view.


Figure 6.3 The major muscles of the human body, anterior side.


Pathophysiology Terms

• Orthopedics: The branch of medicine focusing on disease and conditions of the musculoskeletal system, including injury, infections, tumor development, endocrine disease, and inherited disorders

• Orthopedist: A physician specializing in orthopedics

Source: vectomart / Shutterstock.com


Signs and Symptoms: Word Parts

• a- = without, absence of

• brady- = slow

• dys- = bad, abnormal, painful, difficult

• hyper- = excessive, abnormally high, above


Word Parts (cont.)

• arthr/o = joint

• kinesi/o = motion

• my/o = muscle

• tax/o = reaction to a stimulus

• ten/o = stretch, tendon

• troph/o = development


Word Parts (cont.)

• -a = singular

• -algia, -dynia = condition of pain

• -ia = condition of

• -y = process of


Muscle Atrophy Video

Click here to view a video on the topic of muscle atrophy.

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http://mediaplayer.pearsoncmg.com/media_ph_hsml320_cc_set.title.Atrophy__/ph/streaming/chet/healthsci_media_library/06atrophy.m4v


Muscular Dystrophy Video

Click here to view a video on the topic of muscular dystrophy.

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http://mediaplayer.pearsoncmg.com/_ph_hsml_cc_set.title.Muscular_Dystrophy__/ph/streaming/chet/healthsci_media_library/no_intro_MuscularDyst.m4v


Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts

• a- = without, absence of

• epi- = upon, over, above, on top

• para- = alongside, abnormal

• poly- = excessive, over, many

• quadri- = four


Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.)

• ankyl/o = crooked

• arthr/o = joint


• carcin/o = cancer

• carp/o = wrist




• condyl/o = knuckle of a joint

• fibr/o = fiber

• kyph/o = hump

• leuk/o = white



• lith/o = stone

• lord/o = bent forward

• menisc/o = meniscus

• myel/o = bone marrow

• my/o, myos/o = muscle




• por/o = hole

• sarc/o = flesh, meat

• scoli/o = curved




• synov/o, synovi/o = synovial

• ten/o, tendon/o = stretch, tendon



• -algia = condition of pain

• -asthenia = weakness

• -cele = hernia, swelling, protrusion

• -emia = condition of blood



• -genesis = origin, cause

• -itis = inflammation

• -malacia = softening

• -oma = tumor

• -osis = condition of



• -plasia = formation, growth

• -plegia = paralysis

• -ptosis = drooping


Figure 6.4 Achondroplasia Source: itanistock/Alamy


Figure 6.5B Progressive changes of rheumatoid arthritis.


Arthritis Video

Click here to view a video on the topic of arthritis.

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http://mediaplayer.pearsoncmg.com/_ph_hsml_cc_set.title.Arthritis__/ph/streaming/chet/healthsci_media_library/no_intro_arthritis.m4v


Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Video

Click here to view a video on the topic of carpal tunnel syndrome.

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http://mediaplayer.pearsoncmg.com/media_ph_hsml320_cc_set.title.Carpal_Tunnel_Syndrome__/ph/streaming/chet/healthsci_media_library/08CarpalTunnel.m4v


Fractures

• Fracture: The clinical term for a break in a bone

• Colles’: A break in the distal part of the radius

• Comminuted: A break resulting in fragmentation of the bone

• Compression: A crushed break, often due to weight or pressure

• Displaced: A break causing an abnormal alignment of bone pieces


Fractures (cont.)

• Epiphyseal: A break at the location of the growth plate, which can affect growth of the bone

• Greenstick: A slight break in a bone that appears as a slight fissure in an x-ray

• Nondisplaced: A break in which the broken bones retain their alignment

• Pott’s: A break at the ankle that affects both bones of the leg • Spiral: A spiral-shaped break often caused by twisting stresses

along a long bone


Figure 6.6 Common bone fractures


Bone Healing Animation

Click here to view an animation on the topic of bone healing.

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http://mediaplayer.pearsoncmg.com/_ph_hsml_cc__set.title.Bone_Healing__/ph/streaming/chet/healthsci_media_library/bonehealing.m4v


Figure 6.7 Gout


Figure 6.8 Herniated disk


Figure 6.9 Spinal disfigurements


Figure 6.10 Osteoporosis


Osteoporosis Video

Click here to view a video on the topic of osteoporosis.

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http://mediaplayer.pearsoncmg.com/_ph_hsml_cc_set.title.Osteoporosis__/ph/streaming/chet/healthsci_media_library/no_intro_osteo.m4v


Figure 6.11 Sprain


Treatments, Procedures, Devices: Word Parts

• arthr/o = joint



• cost/o = rib

• crani/o = skull, cranium


Treatments, Procedures, Devices: Word Parts (cont.)

• electr/o = electricity

• fasci/o = fascia

• lamin/o = thin, lamina

• my/o = muscle

• orth/o = straight





• syn/o = connect

• ten/o = stretch, tendon

• vertebr/o = vertebra



• -centesis = surgical puncture

• -clasia, -clasis = break apart

• -desis = surgical fixation or fusion

• -ectomy = surgical removal or excision

• -gram = a record or image



• -graphy = recording process

• -iatry = treatment or specialty

• -ist = one who specializes

• -lysis = loosen, dissolve

• -pathy = disease



• -plasty = surgical repair

• -rrhaphy = suturing

• -scope = instrument used for viewing

• -scopy = the process of viewing

• -tic = pertaining to

• -tomy = incision or to cut


Figure 6.12 Arthrocentesis


Arthroscopy Source: piotrwzk / Shutterstock.com


Figure 6.13 Arthroscopic surgery


Arthroscopy Video

Click here to view a video on the topic of arthroscopy.

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http://mediaplayer.pearsoncmg.com/_ph_hsml_cc_set.title.Hartford_Hospital_Webcast&%2358;_Arthroscopy_Procedure__/ph/streaming/chet/healthsci_media_library_2/no_intro_arthroscopy.m4v


External ring fixation technique in orthopedic medicine sima / Shutterstock.com


Combining Form Quiz

1. cost/o a. straight

2. orth/o b. curved

3. arthr/o c. rib

4. kyph/o d. hump

5. scoli/o e. joint

medical terminology complete · medical terminology complete! chapter second edition the skeletal...

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