may hamza - ain shams...

May Hamza

1. Define basic terms in pharmacology: pharmacodynamics, therapeutic effects, mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions.

2. Explain important properties for receptor mediated actions.

3. Identify the types of ligands.

2

It is the science that deals with drugs,

their nature, pharmacodynamics,

pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses,

preparations and administration.

It is a chemical substance that alters body

functions & can be used for diagnosis, prevention

or treatment of disease & is recognized in a

pharmacopeia.

Nature

Studies of the biological and therapeutic effects of drugs and their mechanism of action.

What drugs do to the organism

They are the studies of the: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion of drugs

i.e. what happens to drugs inside the body.

Pharmacokinetics

Concentration versusTime

Conc.

Time

Pharmacodynamics

Dose versus

Response

Dose (Log)

Res

po

nse

What drugs do to the organism

Therapeutic Effect

Receptor mediated mechanism

Signaling mechanisms

Nonreceptor mediated mechanism

Dose versus

Response

Dose (Log)

Res

po

nse

Dose-response Relationship

Adverse Reactions

Target Site

Other Sites

Therapeutic effect

Adverse effect

Drug Interactions

It is the science that deals with drugs,

their nature, pharmacodynamics,

pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses,

preparations and administration.

• Receptor mediated mechanism

• Signaling mechanisms

• Nonreceptor mediated mechanism

Mechanism of Action of

Drugs

• Factors Modifying Dose-Response Relationship

• Pharmacogenetic disorders

Dose-response Relationship

• Adverse drug reactions

• Drug InteractionsUnwanted Effects

1. Chemical name: it describes the drug chemically but is not

suitable for use in prescribing.

(code name (e.g., RO-15-1788) for simplicity).

2. Nonproprietary: official or approved name

3. Proprietary name: commercial property of a drug company

"Brand name“

Acetylsalicylic acid

2-acetoxybenzoic acid

panadol

abimol

paramol

N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamideParacetamol

These are drugs that satisfy the priority health care needs of the

population.

Their choice depends on their safety, efficacy and low cost.

They should be available at all times in adequate amounts,

suitable dosage forms and low cost.

WHO releases a list of essential medicines and national lists for

individual countries are also available.

These allow improved availability of medicines, cost saving and

more rational use of drugs.

Examples of essential drugs: aspirin, paracetamol, warfarin

These are drugs or biological products for diagnosis/

treatment/prevention

of a rare disease or condition, or a common disease endemic

only in poor countries

for which the cost of developing and marketing is not expected

to be recovered from the sales of that drug.

Governments offer drug companies incentives e.g. tax benefits for development of orphan drugs.