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Page 1: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

May Hamza

Page 2: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

1. Define basic terms in pharmacology: pharmacodynamics, therapeutic effects, mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions.

2. Explain important properties for receptor mediated actions.

3. Identify the types of ligands.

2

Page 3: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

It is the science that deals with drugs,

their nature, pharmacodynamics,

pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses,

preparations and administration.

Page 4: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

It is a chemical substance that alters body

functions & can be used for diagnosis, prevention

or treatment of disease & is recognized in a

pharmacopeia.

Page 5: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important
Page 6: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

Nature

Page 7: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

Studies of the biological and therapeutic effects of drugs and their mechanism of action.

What drugs do to the organism

Page 8: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

They are the studies of the: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion of drugs

i.e. what happens to drugs inside the body.

Page 9: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

Pharmacokinetics

Concentration versusTime

Conc.

Time

Page 10: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

Pharmacodynamics

Dose versus

Response

Dose (Log)

Res

po

nse

Page 11: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

What drugs do to the organism

Therapeutic Effect

Page 12: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

Receptor mediated mechanism

Signaling mechanisms

Page 13: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

Nonreceptor mediated mechanism

Page 14: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

Dose versus

Response

Dose (Log)

Res

po

nse

Dose-response Relationship

Page 15: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

Adverse Reactions

Page 16: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

Target Site

Other Sites

Therapeutic effect

Adverse effect

Page 17: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

Drug Interactions

Page 18: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

It is the science that deals with drugs,

their nature, pharmacodynamics,

pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses,

preparations and administration.

Page 19: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important
Page 20: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

• Receptor mediated mechanism

• Signaling mechanisms

• Nonreceptor mediated mechanism

Mechanism of Action of

Drugs

• Factors Modifying Dose-Response Relationship

• Pharmacogenetic disorders

Dose-response Relationship

• Adverse drug reactions

• Drug InteractionsUnwanted Effects

Page 21: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

1. Chemical name: it describes the drug chemically but is not

suitable for use in prescribing.

(code name (e.g., RO-15-1788) for simplicity).

2. Nonproprietary: official or approved name

3. Proprietary name: commercial property of a drug company

"Brand name“

Page 22: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

Acetylsalicylic acid

2-acetoxybenzoic acid

Page 23: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

panadol

abimol

paramol

N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamideParacetamol

Page 24: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

These are drugs that satisfy the priority health care needs of the

population.

Their choice depends on their safety, efficacy and low cost.

They should be available at all times in adequate amounts,

suitable dosage forms and low cost.

WHO releases a list of essential medicines and national lists for

individual countries are also available.

These allow improved availability of medicines, cost saving and

more rational use of drugs.

Examples of essential drugs: aspirin, paracetamol, warfarin

Page 25: May Hamza - Ain Shams Universitytelemed.shams.edu.eg/moodle3/pluginfile.php/5043/mod_resource/... · mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions. 2. Explain important

These are drugs or biological products for diagnosis/

treatment/prevention

of a rare disease or condition, or a common disease endemic

only in poor countries

for which the cost of developing and marketing is not expected

to be recovered from the sales of that drug.

Governments offer drug companies incentives e.g. tax benefits for development of orphan drugs.