EDU 5043 : INNOVATION IN INSTRUCTION

Ryn Nas

History of Language Teaching

The Grammar Translation Method based on no theory / method Principal characteristics :– learn a language to read it– analysis of grammar rules– translation of texts / sentences– focus on reading and writing

The Grammar Translation Method

“The first language is maintained as the reference system in the acquisition of the second language.”

(Stern, 1983:455)

The Reform Movement

The International Phonetic Association (IPA) founded in 1886 Linguists set forth principles for the development of teaching method– C. Marcel (1793 – 1896)– T. Prendergast (1806 – 1886)– F. Gouin (1831 – 1896)– Henry Sweet (1845 – 1912)– Wilhelm Vietor (1850 – 1918)

The Direct Method

Based on the foundation of the Natural Method… intensive oral interaction in the target language…, L. Sauveur (1826 – 1907) Maximillian Berlitz – commercial language schools – TDM aka Berlitz Method

Edward Anthony (1963)

APPROACH- a set of related assumptions dealing with the nature of language teaching and learning- an approach is axiomatic (self evident/do not require explanation)

METHOD- an overall plan for systematic presentation of language based upon a selected approach- it is procedural – within one approach, there can be many methods

TECHNIQUE- it is what takes place in the classroom- a particular trick, stratagem or contrivance (mechanical device) used to accomplish an immediate objective – consistent with method and in harmony with an approach

Richards & Rodgers (1986)

Method

Approach DesignProcedur

e

Method

“an umbrella term for the specification and interrelation of theory and practice”

APPROACH DESIGN

PROCEDURE

a. Theory of the nature of language

b. Theory of the nature of language learning

a. Objectivesb. Syllabusc. Activitiesd. Learner rolese. Teacher rolesf. Role of

instructional materials

a. Classroom techniques, practices and behaviours observed when the method is used

Theory of LanguageStructural View Functional View Interactional View

Most traditional

Language is a system

Language is a vehicle for the expression of functional meaning

Language as the tool for the creation and maintenance of social relations

Target of language learning is to master the system

Phonological units, grammatical units, grammatical operations and lexical (words/vocab) items

Semantic (meanings of words) and communication dimension

Interaction analysis, conversation analysis, and ethnomethodology (the way people interact)

Audiolingual Method, Total Physical Response, Silent Way

Communicative approaches

Theory of Language Learning

BehaviorismCognitivism Constructivism

References1. Brown, H.D. (2001). Teaching by Principles: An

Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy, 2nd Edition. New York: Addison Wesley Longman

2. Harmer, J. (2007). The Practise of English Language Teaching, 4th Edition. Essex: Pearson

3. Richards, J.C. & Rodgers, T.S. (1991). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching: A description and analysis. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press

4. Scheidt, S. (2009). A Visual Representation on Theories of Learning. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vq9XIrNGgoQ

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