matterwave interferometry beyond classical limits synthetic quantum systems / kirchhoff institut...
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Matterwave interferometry beyond classical limits
Synthetic Quantum Systems / Kirchhoff Institut für Physik / Heidelberg University www.matterwave.de
How does an apple drop?
Precision limits: size of applePrecision of the rulerPrecision of time
Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
apple atom
precision limit: size of the apple
precision limit: size of the atom?
How does an apple drop?
Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
quantum mechanics1924 De Broglie
a particle
h = 0. 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 662 606 Jsm = 0. 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 1 kg
vm
hdB
wavelength is smaller than the atom size !
Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
quantum mechanicsinterference
smaller than the size of the atom
wavelength
Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
quantum mechanicsinterference
position
prob
abili
ty
Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
Steven Chu/Nobel Preis 1997
quantum mechanicsinterference – ‚classical‘ limit
3 10-7g
Verlust von Kontrolle: Zitat Einstein : Gott würfelt nicht!Wie kann man mit einer Beschreibung die nur alles scheints zufällig macht etwas verbessern
Steven Chu/Nobel Preis 1997
Quantum mechanicsInterference – ‚classical‘ limit
why is this pointnot on the line?
num
ber o
f ato
ms
position
prob
abili
ty
quantum mechanicsinterference – ‚classical‘ limit
position is only know within an uncertainty,due to final number of particles statistics√N
Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de classical precision limit
Bose Einstein condensation Many particle quantum physics
CornellKetterleWieman
Nobel price 2001
300°K 0.000 001°K 0.000 000 01°Katoms are likeapples/balls
wave naturebecomes
important
all atoms arein lock step
Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
surfaceof the sun
roomtemperature
liquidHelium
laser cooling
Doppler limit
recoillimit
temperature [K]
Bose Einstein condensationthe experimental steps
www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/bec/
surfaceof the sun
roomtemperature
liquidHelium
laser cooling
Doppler limit
recoillimit
temperature [K]
Cornell, Ketterle, WiemanNobel price 2001
Bethe Nobel price 1967
William F. Giauque Nobel price 1949
Lee,Osherov, RichardsonNobel price 1996
Chu,Cohen-Tannoudji, PhillipsNobel price 1997
Kamerlingh OnnesNobel price 1913
Abrikosov, Ginzburg, LeggettNobel price 2003
Kapitsa, Penzias, Wilson Nobel price 1978
Bednorz,MüllerNobel price 1987
temperature scale or ....
in real life ?combine low with high-tech2004 2011
2004
2011
2008
2004
2004 2011
µSynthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
many particle interferenceoverlapping condensates
Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
many independent particleswhat is different to Chu‘s experiment
Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
precision is gained by repetitionwhat do many experiments give
√NSynthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
),(),(),(2
),( 2
32
2
trtrgtrVmt
tri Dext
0a
)'()'( 3 rrgrrV D m
ag D
2
3
4
T=0
N condensed particlesis different to N independent particles
Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
fluctuations of particle numbersqueezed matterwaves
statistics
Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
fluctuations of particle numbersqueezed matterwaves
position
prop
abili
ty
Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
fluctuations of particle numbersqueezed matterwaves
position
prop
abili
ty
Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
precision beyond the classical limitmany particle quantum physics
Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
quantum metrologysensors beyond tomorrow
1 minute witin the age of the universeclassical precision limit
Nature 455, 1216 (2008)
Nature 464, 1165 (2010)
Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
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