looking inside cells plant / animal / bacterial. cell size most cells range in size between 1 to...

Looking Inside Cells

Plant / Animal / Bacterial

Cell Size Most cells range in size between 1

to 100 micrometers

In 1 meter there are 100,000 micrometers (µm), in 1 mm there are 100 micrometers (µm)

Most cells are visible only with the aid of a microscope

Types of Cells

Cell Wall Surrounds plant,

bacterial, fungi and some protist cells

Function = Used for support / shape and protection

Made of cellulose in plants/ proteins / polysaccharides (big sugar)

Allows water and oxygen to pass through

Cell Membrane Surrounds all cells

Has protein pores

Function = Controls what substances go in and out of the cell

Made of lipids (fats)

Nucleus Not found in bacterial

cells (prokaryotes) Found in plant and

animal cells (eukaryotes)

Located near the center of the cell

Function = Control center, directs cell’s activities, holds genetic material (DNA)

Has 3 main parts

3 Main Parts of the Nucleus

Nuclear Membrane (has pores/controls what moves in and out/protects)

Chromatin (genetic material or DNA and proteins, contains instructions to life)

Nucleolus (makes ribosomes)

Cytoplasm

Thick, jellylike fluid Function = Cushions and protects

the internal organelles, filling the empty space, and keeping everything in place.

Cytoplasmic Streaming (always moving to move things in the cell)

Contains Cytoskeleton (support)

Mitochondria Many found

throughout the cell Jelly bean shaped Function =

“Powerhouse”- produce most of the cell’s energy

Where RESPIRATION takes place

Have own double membrane and DNA/RNA

Endoplasmic Reticulum Found coming out of

the nucleus Looks like a maze of

passageways Function = Carries

proteins and other materials around cell

Rough ER- Ribosomes attached

Smooth ER- No Ribosomes attached

Ribosomes Found attached to

ER or floating in cytoplasm

Very small organelles that contain tRNA

Function = Help produce proteins by reading mRNA

Golgi Bodies or Apparatus Found out in the

cytoplasm Look like flattened

sacs and tubes Function = Receive

and package proteins etc. to be shipped around and out of the cell

“Blebs” are the bubble like packages they create

Vacuoles Found in the cytoplasm Look like a fluid filled

bubble Function = Used as a

storage area for extra food / water / wastes / etc.

Plant cells have a central vacuole that is important in maintaining plant turgidity

Some animal cells have no vacuoles

Lysosomes Found floating in the

cytoplasm Look small and

round Contain harsh

chemicals and enzymes (type of protein)

Function = Used to breakdown food and old cell parts

Chloroplasts Not found in animal

cells or most bacterial cells

Found in all plant cells and some protists

Large, green jellybean structures

Function = Contain Chlorophyll (green pigment) that captures energy from the sun

Where part of photosynthesis takes place

Comparing CellsBacteria

l Cell

Plant Cell Animal Cell

Cell Wall Yes Yes No

Vacuole No Yes (central vacuole)

SometimesNo

central

Chloroplasts

No Yes No

Eukaryote(nucleus)

No Yes Yes

Prokaryote(no

nucleus)

Yes No No

Connecting it AllCells Tissues Organs

Organ SystemsOrganismsCells – basic unit of structure and function

Tissues - groups of cells that perform a common function

Organs - group of tissues that perform a specific function

Organ System – collection of organs that work together

Organism – a living thing

Specialized Cells