CHAPTER 3

CELLS

• CELL BIOLOGY• SIZE – 7.5-500 MICROMETERS

• SHAPE– DEPENDS ON?

• EUKARYOTIC/PROKARYOTIC ?

COMPOSITE CELL

http://picsicio.us/keyword/diagrams%20of%20cells/

CELL MEMBRANE

model974.net

FLUID MOSAIC MODEL

FLUID MOSAIC MODEL

• www.youtube.com/watch?v=GW0lqf4Fqpg

RECEPTOR PROTEINS

http://www.galaxy.com/rvw65745-401496/Clapham_Laboratory.htm

INTEGRAL PROTEIN

users.rcn.com

ENZYMES

http://biolibogy.com/images/structure_of_plasma_membrane.JPG

CELL ADHESION MOLECULES

bioweb.wku.edu

CELL SURFACE PROTEINS

http://biolibogy.com/images/structure_of_plasma_membrane.JPG

RIBOSOME

http://www.rbcarlton.com/19-Ribosomes.jpg

ER

http://liquidbio.pbworks.com/Matthew-Damstrom-Organelles-Project

VESSICLES

http://betarhythm.blogspot.com/2006/09/synaptic-vesicles-message-in-bottle.html

GOLGI APPARATUS

http://kvhs.nbed.nb.ca/gallant/biology/golgi_apparatus.jpg

Mitochondria

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/mito.gif

Lysosomes

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/images/lysosomesfigure1.jpg

Peroxisomes

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/peroxisomes/images/peroxisomesfigure1.jpg

Centrosome/Centriole

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/centrioles/images/centriolesfigure1.jpg

Microfilaments/Microtubules

http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/Image115.gif

Cell Nucleus

http://www.becomehealthynow.com/images/organs/cells/nucleus.jpg

Chromatin

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/nucleus/images/chromatinstructurefigure1.jpg

Cell Transport

IMPORTANCE?TYPESDIFFERENCE?

Diffusion

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Scheme_simple_diffusion_in_cell_membrane-de.png

Diffusion

http://www.pdh-odp.co.uk/images/Diffusion%20of%20Gases.jpg

http://www.williamsclass.com/SeventhScienceWork/ImagesCellBricks/facilitatedDiffusion.jpg

Osmosis

https://tedu556.wikispaces.com/file/view/osmosis.gif/32102067/osmosis.gif

Osmosis

http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_124/Images/tonicity1.jpeg

Filtration

http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514264290/html/graphic55.png

Passive: can be due to force of gravity alone

http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/ecb/ecb_images/12_04_passive_active_transport.jpg

Endocytosis

•Coming into the cell•Pinocytosis•Phagocytosis

Endocytosis

http://www.solvobiotech.com/Literature/Scienceletter/3/active_transport.jpg

Pinocytosis

http://www.yellowtang.org/images/receptor_mediate1_c_la_784.jpg

Phagocytosis

http://www.ingid.org/teaching-programmes/Introbasicimmune/phagoc1.jpg

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

http://219.221.200.61/ywwy/zbsw(E)/pic/ech5-19.jpg

Exocytosis

http://s3.images.com/huge.96.481383.JPG

Transcytosis

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://media.wiley.com/wires/WNAN/WNAN73/nfig003.gif&imgrefurl=http://wires.wiley.com/remdoi.cgi%3Fdoi%3D10.1002/wnan.73&usg

Cell Cycle

• Interphase• Mitosis- PMAT• Cytoplasmic division• Differentiation

Interphase

http://www.obgynacademy.com/basicsciences/fetology/genetics/

MitosisProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase

Prophase

http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/images/Image173.gif

Metaphase

http://wps.aw.com/wps/media/objects/443/453744/metaphase.html

Anaphase

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/micro/gallery/mitosis/earlyanaphase.html

Telophase

http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/mitosis/allium_root_prep._slides/telophase_cytokinesis.html

Cytoplasmic Division

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=cytoplasmic+division&FORM=BIFD&adlt=strict#

CELL DIVISION CONTROL

• VARIES BY ?• ~50 X• TELOMERES• STRESS CAN SHORTEN LIFESPAN• KINASES AND CYCLINS• CELL SIZE ?• EXTERNAL CONTROLS: HORMONES, GROWTH FACTORS• SPACE– CONTACT INHIBITION

• INFREQUENT MITOSIS =• TOO FRQUENT– TUMOR

• BENIGN• MALIGNANT: METASTISIZE• ONCOGENES• TUMOR SUPRESSOR GENES

STEM CELLS

DIFFERENTIATIONSTEM CELL-> STEM CELL OR PROGENITOR CELLPROGENITOR CELL:

TOTIPOTENT STEM CELLPLURIPOTENT STEM CELL

MOST ORGANS HAVE PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS OR PROGENITOR CELLSHOW DO CELLS IN BODY DIFFER?

CELL DEATH

• APOPTOSIS• PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH• EMBRYO• DEATH RECEPTOR RELEASES ENZYMES: CASPASES– DESTROY DNA REPLICATION ANDS REPAIR ENZYMES– ACTIVATE ENZYMES THAT SNIP UP DNA– DISSOLVE CYTOSKELETON– DESTROY MITOCHONDRIA ?– SEPARATE CELLS– MEMBRANE TRIGGERS TO ATTRACT PHAGOCYTES

APOPTOSIS

CELL HAS CIRCULAR SHAPE; BULGES: BLEBS; NUCLEUS SHATTERS; CELL SHATTERS;CELL FRAGMENTS ENCAPSULATE SO NO INFLAMMATION; GONE

Necrosis

http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514266676/html/graphic11.jpe