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Lloyd’s Register: Marine
Energy Management – Maximising Benefits
Panayiotis Mitrou - Hellenic Lloyd’s “Energy and Shipping” Seminar IENE Eugenideion Foundation - March 2013
Lloyd’s Register: Marine
Strategic landscape as it relates to energy
• Increasingly demanding environmental regulations
• Decisions not always supported by strong technical / scientific evidence
• Continued pressure on fuel price and emissions reduction
• Range of innovative environmental solutions
Lloyd’s Register: Marine
Looking at the Future
2012 2025 2013 2020 2015 2018
Reference base
-30%
-10%
-20% EEDI
Inside ECA -SOx
Outside ECA-SOx
Fuel Oil Sulphur Limits
0.10% 0.50%
3.50%
1.50%
EEDI
Phase 0
Phase 1
Phase 3
Phase 2
Ballast Water Treatment , NOx USCG BWT
MBMs
Lloyd’s Register: Marine
EEDI – What is this?
1. Deadweight Enlargement 2. Speed reduction 3. New technology
EEDI =
g of CO2 emitted (based on SFC) _________________________________
___ Design Cargo Capacity x Design Speed EEDI Reference lines
Lloyd’s Register: Marine
EEDI – What can we do?
Hull •Optimised hull form for reduced resistance •Appendages optimisation •Advanced hull coatings •Increased capacity? •Reduced lightweight?
Machinery •More efficient engines (ME/AE) •Use of low-carbon fuels such as LNG and bio-diesel •Optimised auxiliary machinery •Waste heat recovery •Shaft generators and other energy efficient technologies
Propulsion •Propeller optimisation •Variable speed drives •Electric propulsion •Podded propulsion •Boss cap fins
Lloyd’s Register: Marine
Commercial impact of the EEDI
Owners
Operators
Shipyards / designers Engine / machinery
manufacturers Energy saving
technologies manuf.
Classification Societies
Flag States / ROs
Who is affected by the EEDI?
Charterers / Banks
Lloyd’s Register: Marine
Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP)
SEEMP Facts • Mandatory for ships >400 GT • No requirement to have SEEMP approved • MARPOL Annex VI will require SEEMP to be onboard • May form part of SMS
SEEMP Aspects • Mini-management system (based on the continuous improvement principle) • Elements missing: mandatory goal setting and performance auditing • SEEMP requirements - industry driven
Lloyd’s Register: Marine
Monitoring – Operational Energy Efficiency
The Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI)
• A tool proposed by the IMO to assist with the
“monitoring” aspect of the SEEMP
• Generally expressed as tonnes CO2 per tonne-nm
• Measure of overall efficiency, easy to calculate based on readily available data
• Challenging to isolate areas of bad performance unless EEOI is broken down into components and filtered
Dm
CFCEEOI
oc
j Fjj
arg
EEOI Trend for J Class (TEU-based)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Nov-07 Feb-08 Jun-08 Sep-08 Dec-08 Mar-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 May-10 Aug-10
Date
EE
OI [
g/[
TE
U.n
m]
EEOI (voyage) EEOI (rolling average)
Lloyd’s Register: Marine
Splitting up vessel performance
Engine Efficiency Propeller Efficiency Hull Efficiency
Speed Engine SFOC Power RPM
Overall Efficiency
Lloyd’s Register: Marine
How do you split performance up ?
Main engine efficiency (SFOC vs shaft power)
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181
SFOC [g/kWh]
Shaf
t pow
er [k
W]
Shop test In service
Propeller efficiency (power vs RPM)
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000
shaft power [kW]
prop
elle
r rpm
Sea trials In service
Hull efficiency (RPM vs speed)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0
propeller rpm
ship
spe
ed [k
t]
Sea trials In service
Propulsion efficiency (power vs speed)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000
shafft power [kW]
ship
spe
ed [k
t]
Sea trials In service
Energy efficiency may also mean efficient solutions
Lloyd’s Register: Marine
Management System Synergies
SEEMP
ISO 50001 EnMS
(Energy Management
system)
ISO 14001 EMS
(Environmental Management
System)
SMS (Safety
Management System)
May be part of:
Lloyd’s Register: Marine
Energy Management – How to tackle the problem?
External Drivers
Corporate strategy
Management targets
Fleet benchmarking
Ship Energy Efficiency
Regulatory requirements, Charter-party
Environmentally ‘attractive’, competitive through efficiency
Driving continuous improvement through efficiency
Implementing ‘best practice’, maintaining quality
Improving operations
Fleet benchmarking
Management targets
Ship Energy Efficiency
Corporate strategy
External Drivers
Lloyd’s Register: Marine
Energy Management – Building the right strategy
Awareness of drivers and ownership of the effort Identify the risks, monitor the threats Evaluate your assets Develop a robust energy management system Identify and adopt profitable solutions
Lloyd’s Register: Marine
Operational challenges
• The Speed Factor - Selecting the right design speed - Optimizing the slow steaming profile • Route Optimisation – Virtual Arrival - Charterers role in Energy Efficiency • Port operations - Efficient networks and operations The importance of research - Cold Ironing - Ship to Ship
Lloyd’s Register: Marine
Performance Optimization Integrated solutions to meet target performance
Propeller designs Rudder design and bulb Appendages design, location Energy saving devices Hull interactions underwater Hull Lines (Fore, Mid and Aft Bodies) Aerodynamic drag optimization Cavitation / erosion performance
What comes after monitoring ?
Lloyd’s Register: Marine
Going a step further…
• Renewable energy sources , Biofuel, Methanol, Nuclear
• LNG as fuel Shipowners see LNG-fuelled engines as a
viable option in the long term (10+ years), particularly for ships on liner trades
Low-sulphur distillate fuel is seen as a short-term solution (within the next five years)
Exhaust gas scrubbing is seen as a medium-term option (five to ten years)
Source: LR LNG study
Lloyd’s Register: Marine
Concluding Remarks
• Ship performance and efficiency is affected by many different factors, detail requires an extra amount of effort. Focussing on a few key performance parameters usually proves efficient
• EEOI can be considered as an ‘overall’ energy efficiency indicator but is ‘crude’ as a detailed measure
• It is difficult to determine the effectiveness of any efficiency measure without first setting a breakdown of the vessel’s energy efficiency into individual aspects
• National or international legislative action, technology development, fuel scarcity and prices all create a very unstable environment
• Investment must be technically and financially substantiated. Beware of substitutes. Evaluation techniques can offer valuable assistance.
• Assume ownership , seek advice
Lloyd’s Register: Marine
What is Lloyd’s Register doing?
• Continue to monitor and actively influence developments
• Communicate and provide leadership • Help our clients to:
understand emerging and existing requirements
comply with environmental requirements demonstrate their environmental
credentials to stakeholders Add value at all levels, strategic , tactical
and operational • Continue to work with research institutes,
regulators and clients, in numerous Joint Industry Projects to develop solutions
Lloyd’s Register: Marine
For more information, please contact:
Panos Mitrou Senior Client Support Manager Piraeus Business Development Team T +30 210 45 80 866 E panayiotis.mitrou@lr.org
Thank you !
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