libro de gramatica 2

Por: Nacho Kapcsos

Imperfects pgs. 4-6

Preterite pg. 7

Car/gar/zar pg 8

Spock Verbs pgs. 9-10

Cucaracha Verbs pg. 11

Snake and Snakey pg. 12

Modal Verbs pg. 13

Adverbios pg. 14

Progressivo pg. 15

El Futuro pgs. 16-18

Superlatives pg. 19

Formal Commands pg. 20

Prepositions pg. 21

Demonstratives pgs. 22-23

Ir/er

ia iamos

ias iais

ia ian

Araba abamosabas abaisaba aban

• Used when an event occurs in the past or there is no beginning or end

Ir

Ser

Ver

Iba Ibamos

Ibas Ibais

Iba Iban

Era Eramos

Eras Erais

Era Eran

Veia Veiamos

Veias Veiais

Veia Veian

Todos los dias- everyday A menudo- often A veces- sometimes Siempre- always Cada dia- everyday Los lunes- Monday Generalmente- generally Mientras- as De vez en cuando- occasionally Muchas veces- very often Frecuentemente- frecuently

Ar

Er/Ir

e amos

aste

o aron

i imos

iste

io ieron

Irregular preterite that only changes in the first person singular

Ends in either car, gar, or zar

Car- que

Gar- gue

Zar- ce

Hacer

Dar/Ver D-/V-

Hice

Hiciste

Hizo

Hicimos

Hicieron

-I

-iste

-io

-imos

-ieron

Ir/SerFue

Fuiste

Fui

Fuimos

Fueron

Drop the “I” in “ieron”!

Snake preteritos (dormir y pedir)

Snakey preteritos (leer, creer, y oir)

-I -imos

-iste

-io -ieron

-I -imos

-iste

-yo -yeron

Ir+a+ infinitive (going to do something)

Poder+a+infinitive (able to do something)

Querer+infinitive (want to do something)

Deber+infinitive (should do something)

Tener que+infinitive (to have to do something)

Soler+infinitive (to be accustomed to)

Change the ending to the opposite gender

Claro clara claramente (clearly)

If there are two adverbs that modify the same verb, only the second one takes on the –mente, but the first one still has a feminine ending

Is the –ing form of a verb

Used with estar + verb with an ending

Ar- ando

Er- endo

Ir- yendo

Past Progressive

Ar-ando

Er- iendo

Ir- yendo

Infinitive +

-e-as-a

-emos-an

Los Irregulares del Futuro

Decir dir-

Hacer har-

Poner pondr-

Salir saldr-

Tener tendr-

Valer vendr-

Poder podr-

Querer querr-

Saber sabr-

Conditional: I would like to…

Me gustaria…

Used when trying to say that something has more or less of something

Mas + adjective + que (the most…)

Menos + adjective + que (the least)

Usted Affirmative

Put in the yo form and change to opposite vowel

Ar- e Er/Ir- a

• Usted Negative• No + same as above

Izquierda Left

Derecha Right

Delante Before

Detras Behind

Cerca Close

Lejos Away

Abajo Below

Arriba Up

Enfrente Opposite

Encima Above

Aqui Alli Alla

S M Este Ese Aquel

S F Esta Esa Aquella

P M Estos Esos Aquellos

P F Estas Esas Aquellas

• Esto, eso, y aquello- neuter form. Subject is unknown, could be masculine or feminine

Primero-first

Segundo-second

Tercero-third

Cuarto-fourth

Quinto-fifth

Sexto-sixth

Septimo-seventh

Octavo-eighth

Novento-nineth

Decimo-tenth

• Must agree in quantity and gender•Primero and tercero drop the “o” when describing a singular, masculine object