libro de gramatica de inglés y español

Jose Nato de Oliveira

55 12 96173024

55 12 82010511

[email protected]

Skype id: jose_sjc

NDICE DE CLASES DE INGLS

1. clase:

- Alphabet

- Greetings

- Verb TO BE

- Contracted Form

- Questions and answers

2. clase:

Ejercicios de fijacin

3. clase:

- Articles: a / an

- This, That, These, Those

- What's your name?

- Middle name

- Last name

- Complete name

- Surname

- Nickname

- Spell your name

- How old are you?

- Introducing people.

4. clase:

- Ejercicios de fijacin

5. clase:

- Where are you from? (Where is? Where are?)

- Nationalities

- Colors (flag colors)

- Address / zip code

- Phone number

6. clase:


7. Clase:

- Numbers (1, 2, 3 ...)

- Ordinal numbers (1st, 2nd, 3rd ...)

- Time

- Dates (WHEN)

8. Clase:


9. Clase:

- Revisin de la prueba

10. Clase:

- Auxiliaries DO and Does

- Affirmative, negative, interrogative

- Plural of Nouns

11. Clase:

- Ejercicios de fijacin:

12. Clase:

- Home (rooms ... objects)

- Family

- Occupations

13. Clase:

- Adjectives (Opposites)

- Clothes

- Difference between wear and use

14. Clase:


15a Clase:

- Revisin de la prueba

16. Clase:

- Present Continuous or Progressive (ING)

- Affirmative, negative, interrogative

17. Clase:


18. Clase:

- Climate

- Seasons

- Weekdays

- Months

- Hours of the day (today, tonight, this morning)

- Breakfast, dinner, lunch, snack

- Food - likes / dislikes

19. Class


20. Clase:

- Revisin + Prueba


21 Clase:

- Prepositions: In, on, at

22 Clase:


23 Clase:

- Genitive Case ('s)

24 Clase:


25 Clase:

- Countable nouns

- Uncountable Nouns

- Many / Much

- There is / there are

26 Clase:


27 Clase:

- Physical appearance

- Appearance psychological

28 Clase:


29 Clase:

- REVISION + TEST

30 Clase:

- Straight pronouns (I, you, he ...)

- Objects (me, his, her ...)

- Possessive (my, mine, hers ...)

- Reflexive (myself, herself ...)

31 Clase:


32 Clase

- Frequency Adverbs

- Adverbs of Intensity

33 Clase:


34 Clase:

- Directions (how can I get there?)

(Block, street, corner ...)

35 Clase:


36 Clase:

REVISIN + PRUEBA FINAL

37 Clase:

- Past Simple

- Regular Verbs

- Irregular verbs

- Questions and Answers

38 Clase:


39 Clase

- Future

- Will / Shall

- Going to

40 Clase


41 Clase:

- EXAMEN + PRUEBA FINAL 42 clase:

- Present Perfect


43 Clase:


44 Clase:

- Modal Auxiliary

Can / cannot / Could / could not

Must / mustn't / had to

Might, Might Not / May, May Not

45 Clase:


46 Clase:

- Modal Auxiliaries (cont.)

Should / shouldn't

Would / would not

47 Clase:


48 Clase:

- REVISION + PRUEBA FINAL

49 Clase:

Comparison:

- Equality

- Inferiority

- Superiority

50 Clase:


51 clase:

- Superlative

- Irregular comparative

52 Clase:

- Ejercicios de fijacin:

53 Clase

- Used To

- Wherever, Whoever, Whatever, Whenever

54 Clase:


55 Clase:

- REVISION + PRUEBA FINAL

56 Clase:

- Relative Pronouns

57 Clase:


58 Clase:

- Somebody / someone / something

- Anybody / anyone / anything

- Nobody / no one / nothing

- Everybody / Everyone / Everything

59 Clase:


60 Clase

- EXAMEN + PRUEBA FINAL

VERB TO BE

I =

YOU =

HE =

SHE =

IT =

WE =

YOU =

THEY =

VERB TO BE

AFFIRMATIVE FORM:

I am =

You are =

He is =

She is =

It is =

We are =

You are =

They are =

a) NEGATIVE FORM:

I am not =

You are not=

He is not =

She is not =

It is not =

We are not =

You are not =

They are not =

b) INTERROGATIVE FORM:

Am I? =

Are you? =

Is he? =

Is she? =

Is it? =

Are we? =

Are you? =

Are they? =

SINGULAR

PLURAL

CONTRACTED FORM:

Im

Youre

Hes

Shes

Its

Were

Youre

Theyre

CONTRACTED FORM:

Im not

Youre not / you arent

Hes not / he isnt

Shes not / she isnt

Its not / it isnt

Were not / we arent

Youre not / you arent

Theyre not / they arent

EXAMPLES:

I am a teacher

I am not a student

I am at school

You are a student

You are students

She is American

She is not Brazilian

We are Brazilian

It is a cat

It is in the car

Is he a doctor?

ANSWERS => POSITIVE: Yes, he is.

NEGATIVE: No, he is not.

Are they at home now?

ANSWERS => POSITIVE: Yes, they are.

NEGATIVE: No, they are not.

Are you tall?

ANSWERS => POSITIVE: Yes, I am.

NEGATIVE: No I am not.

Is it a book?

ANSWERS => POSITIVE: Yes, it is.

NEGATIVE: No, it is not.

DIFERENCIA ENTRE "NO" y "NOT"

No se utiliza como una respuesta negativa.

EJ:

Is he a doctor?

No, he is not.

No se utiliza con verbos para formar oraciones negativas. Utilizamos NOT despus de un

verbo auxiliar, verbo modal, o un verbo TO BE.

EJ:

They are not there.

I Could not talk to Mary

He does not speak Spanish very well.

EXERCISES:

1) Put the verb TO BE in the correct form in the Present Simple:

a) The weather_____ very nice today.

b) I______ not tired.

c) This box _______ very heavy.

d) These boxes ______ very heavy.

e) The dog ______ asleep.

f) I ______ hot. Can you open the window, please?

g) This castle _______ older.

h) My brother and I _______ good tennis players.

i) Ann ________ at home, but her children ______ at school.

2) Write the questions as in example:

a) (Your mother at home) = Is your mother at home?

b) (Your parents at home) =

c) (This hotel expensive) =

d) (You interested in art) =

e) (The shops open today) =

f) (The park open today) =

3) Write the sentences from exercise number 2 in the negative form:

a) ____________________________________

b) ____________________________________

c) ____________________________________

d) ____________________________________

e) ____________________________________

f) ____________________________________

SALUDOS:

PREGUNTAS:

- How are you?

- How is it going?

- How are you doing ?

- Whats going on?

- How do you do?

- How have you been?

- Whats up?

- Hello!

- Hi, there!

RESPUESTAS:

- Im fine

- Im ok!

- Im all right

- Fine, thanks

- Not too bad

- So, so

- Wonderful

- Great

- Good / Well

- Cool / nice

- Better than never

- Pretty good

- Im trying my best

- See you later

- See you

Conociendo las personas

Texto

A Hi, Nice to meet you!

B - Nice to meet you too.

A - Whats your name? B- My name is Bill, and you?

A- My name is Beatriz, but they call me Bia.

B- Oh, what a cute nickname!

A- Thank you!

B- Whats your complete name?

A- My complete name is Beatriz Souza.

B- But how old are you?

A- Im 25 years old.

B- Hum maybe Ill call you soon!

A- Ok. Ill be waiting for your call soon. Bye!

B- Bye!

Whats your name?

(Cul es su nombre?)

My name is...

(Mi nombre es ...)

How old are you?

(Que edad tienes?)

Complete name / full name

(Nombre y apellido / Nombre completo)

First name

(Primero Nombre)

Middle name

(Segundo nombre)

Last name

(Nombre de familia)

Nickname

(Apodo)

Indroduce Somebody

(Indroducir Alguin)

Spell

(Deletrear)

Surname:

(Apellido)

ABECEDARIO

A EI

B BI

C CI

D DI

E I

F F

G GI

H EIT

I AI

J DJEI

K KEI

L L

M EM

N EN

O OU

P PI

Q QUIU

R AR

S S

T TI

U IU

V VI

W DBOUI

X X

Y UAI

Z ZI / ZED

ARTCULO INDEFINIDO A/AN

Los artculos indefinidos son usados con nombres contables singulares.

AN = Se utiliza a menudo con palabras que comienzan con una vocal:

an apple

an egg

an animal

A = se utiliza a menudo con palabras que comienzan con consonantes:

a man

a tree

a boy

Los sustantivos que comienzan en U con sonido de IU, utilizamos el artculo A:

a uniform

a university

a universe

Cuando el sustantivo comienza con H y el sonido se silencia, utilizamos AN:

an hour

an heir

an harmony

Cuando el sustantivo comienza con H y el sonido es de R, utilizamos A:

a hair

a hand

a home

"THIS" y "THESE" indican que la persona o cosa que estamos hablando esta cerca del hablante.

- This is my brother.

- These are my brothers

That y Those indican que la persona o cosa que estan lejos de la persona a quien se habla, o de

ambos.

- That is the best hotel in town.

- Those apples are really delicious.

Singular:

YES: This is a book

NEGATIVO: This isn't a book.

PREGUNTA: Is this the book?

EXERCISES:

1. Use A or AN:

A- I want ______ cup of tea.

B- I have ______ apple in the box.

C- I buy ______ sandwich everyday.

D- There is ______ hospital near here.

E- My uncle has ______ heir.

F- I have ______ umbrella and ______ pair of boots to wear in the rain.

G- There is ______ universe outside.

2. Use this, that, these and those:

a) ______ tomato is delicious (near)

b) ______ book is mine. (far)

c) ______ grapes are very nice. (near)

d) ______ book is mine. (near)

e) ______ shoes are dirty. (far)

f) ______ days I am lazy. (near)

g) ______ woman is beautiful. (far)

3. Answer the questions:

A- Whats your name?

__________________________________________________

B- How old are you?

__________________________________________________

C- Whats your surname?

__________________________________________________

D- Whats your complete name?

__________________________________________________

E- Whats your nickname?

__________________________________________________

F- Spell your middle name and give the letters sound.

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

NACIONALIDADES

TEXTO:

A- Where are you from?

B- Im from Brazil, Im Brazilian.

A- Where is your house?

B- My house is in Sao Jose dos Campos.

A- Where, exactly?

B- I live at 18, Travessa Medeiros Vila Cristina. My Zip Code is 12211-124

A- And, whats your phone number?

B- My Home phone number is +55 12 39136919 and my cell phones are +55 12 82010511 and

+55 12 96173024

A- Whats your idiom in Brazil?

B- We speak Portuguese.

A- And, what color is your flag?

B- The flag is green, yellow, blue and white.

En Ingls, al escribir una direccin, se encuentra el nmero de la casa primero, y luego el nombre de

la calle, el nmero del apartamento, en su caso, el distrito, ciudad, estado y pas.

EJ:

694, River Street, apt. 11 Brooklyn, New York NY USA

Algunas abreviaturas:

St = calle

Ave = Avenida

Rd = Autopista

Where are you from?

Im from...

Whats your address?

I was born in September

I was born on September7th

Zip code

Phone number

Cell Phone

Nationality

Color of the flag

Idiom

Address

Los ejemplos de las Nacionalidades y de idiomas:

PAIS NACIONALIDAD IDIOMA

USA AMERICAN ENGLISH

AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIAN ENGLISH

CANADA CANADIAN ENGLISH / FRENCH

FRANCE FRENCH FRENCH

JAPAN JAPANESE JAPANESE

NORWAY NORWEGIAN NORWEGIAN

NETHERLANDS DUTCH DUTCH

MEXICO MEXICAN SPANISH

EGYPT EGYPTIAN EGYPTIAN

GERMANY GERMAN GERMAN

RUSSIA RUSSIAN RUSSIAN

BRAZIL BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE

ENGLAND ENGLISH ENGLISH

GREECE GREEK GREEK

COLOMBIA COLOMBIAN SPANISH

SPAIN SPANISH SPANISH

LOS COLORES DE LAS BANDERAS

RED / WHITE CANADA FLAG

RED / WHITE / BLUE USA FLAG

RED / YELLOW SPAIN FLAG

BLACK / RED / ORANGE GERMANY FLAG

GREEN / WHIT / RED ITALY FLAG

COLORS

RED -

WHITE -

BLUE -

BLACK -

YELLOW -

GREEN -

PINK

LILAC -

PURPLE -

ORANGE

GREY -

BROWN -

BEIGE -

GOLDEN -

SILVER -

EXERCISES:

1. Answer the questions:

a) Where are you from?

___________________________________

b) When were you born?

___________________________________

c) Whats your phone number?

___________________________________

d) Whats your favorite color or colors?

___________________________________

e) What are the colors of Brazilian flag?

___________________________________

NMEROS

CUANTOS (AS)?

Los nmeros naturales desde 1 hasta 19 son el sufijo teen. Las docenas 20-90 se forman por el

sufijo ty.

0- zero ou o

1- one

2- two

3- three

4- four

5- five

6- six

7- seven

8- eight

9- nine

10- ten

11- eleven

12- twelve

13-thirteen

14- fourteen

15- fifteen

16- sixteen

17- seventeen

18- eighteen

19- nineteen

20- twenty

21- twenty-one

22- twenty-two

23- twenty-three

30- thirty

40- forty

50- fifty

60- sixty

70- seventy

80- eighty

90- ninety

100- a hundred

101- a hundred and one

110- a hundred and ten

120- a hundred and twenty

200- two hundred

1000- a thousand

1001- a thousand and one

1010- a thousand and ten

2000- two thousand

10,000- ten thousand

100,000- a hundred thousand

1,000,000- a million

1,000,000,000- a billion

Nmeros Ordinales

Los nmeros ordinales indican el orden o serie. Son formados con el sufijo TH, excepto

First (st), Second (nd) y Third (rd).

1st - first

2nd - second

3rd - third

4th - fourth

5th - fifth

6th - sixth

7th - seventh

8th - eighth

9th - ninth

10th - tenth

11th - eleventh

12th - twelfth

13th - thirteenth

14th - fourteenth

15th - fifteenth

16th - sixteenth

17th - seventeenth

18th - eighteenth

19th - nineteenth

20th - twentieth

21st twenty -first

22nd twenty-second

23rd- twenty-third

24th twenty-fourth

30th- thirtieth

31st thirty-first

40th - fortieth

41st- forty-first

50th - fiftieth

60th - sixtieth

70th - seventieth

80th - eightieth

90th - ninetieth

100th hundredth

101st hundred and first

200th two hundredth

1000th thousandth

1,000,000th - millionth

1,000,000,000th billionth

FECHAS

DAY BY DAY

Da a da:

10/21/1977

Mes / da / ao

Das Festivos

September, 7Th

December, 25Th

AO

Normalmente, el ao se "divide" en el medio para decir los nmeros:

1966 = nineteen and sixty-six

1900 = nineteen and hundred

1804= eighteen hundred and four

2005 = two thousand and five

Telfonos

Cuando dos o ms ceros se renen, por lo general el nmero de telfono se lee de la

siguiente manera:

735 - 7500 = seven three five seven five hundred

o

735 7000 = seven three- five seven thousand

o

735-7520 = seven three five seven five two o

El cero se puede interpretar como la letra O.

o

272-3374 = two seven two double three - seven four

Cuando hay dos nmeros repetidos en secuencia, se utiliza la palabra DOUBLE (Double).

USEFUL LANGUAGE:

Im twelve years old.

Im eleven and a half.

Im nearly twelve.

Im in my 20s.

Im over 20.

Im under 50.

TEXTO:

A- Hi Mark, what day is today?

B- Its May 19th.

B- And when is your birthday?

A- Its in May. On May 19th.

B- Oh, its today, congratulations!

Nota: Cuando se hace referencia nicamente a la mes, usamos la preposicin IN, pero

cuando el mes sigue al da, usamos la preposicin ON. Cuando nos referimos slo a los aos,

se utiliza la preposicin IN (IN 1989), o simplemente el da, usamos la preposicin AT, (AT

first / AT 1st).

EX, In May

On May 21st HOURS

OClock

O CLOCK = tiempo exacto

- HALF = Media hora, 30 minutos.

- A QUARTER = Un cuarto de na hora, 15 minutos.

- PAST = (minuto pasado)

- TO = (minutos para)

EXAMPLES:

HALF

A QUARTER A QUARTER

PAST TO

- Its 12 o clock

- Its twelve oclock

- Its noon

- Its twelve fifteen

- Its a quarter past twelve

- Its fifteen past twelve

En Ingls, no se puede decir "quince horas", "dieciocho horas", pero maana y tarde, para

definir si se trata de las tres de la tarde o la noche, por ejemplo.

PM proviene del latn y significa "ante meridiem" (antes del medioda) y PM "post meridiem"

(despus del medioda).

Para distinguir medioda desde la medianoche, utilizamos:

12:00 AM = Medianoche

12:00 PM= Medioda

Saludos:

- Good Morning

- Good Afternoon

- Good Evening (Cuando est en algn lugar)

- Good Night (Al salir de alguna parte)

- Its one thirty

- Its half past one

- Its two thirty-five

- Its thirty-five past two

- Its twenty-five to three

- Its two forty-five

- Its a quarter to two

- Its fifteen to two

EXERCISES

1) Write the name of the numbers:

a) 16 = ________________________________________

b) 20 = _______________________________________

c) 55 =________________________________________

d) 200 = _______________________________________

e) Eighty-eight = _________________________________

f) Two thousand and one = __________________________

g) Nineteen and fifty-one = _________________________

2) Write the ordinal numbers:

a) 3rd = _________________________________

b) 15th =_________________________________

c) 21st = _________________________________

d) Thirtieth = _____________________________

e) Thirteenth= ____________________________

f) Ninth = ________________________________

3) What time is it?

a)

b)

c)

AM:

d)

PM:

e)

DO y DOES AUXILLIARES

En Ingls, algunos verbos se pueden utilizar como un auxiliar, segn el tiempo en el que se

emplean. En el Presente Simple, utilizamos DO (verbo hacer) para apoyar oraciones

negativas e interrogativas en presente.

Ver ejemplos con el verbo To Live:

a) AFIRMATIVE FORM b) NEGATIVE FORM c) INTERROGATIVE FORM

I live

YOU live

HE lives

SHE lives

IT lives

WE live

YOU live

THEY live

En la forma afirmativa slo, pronombres HE, SHE, IT consigue "S" al final. En la forma

negativa (do not / does not) y interrogativas (do / does) el verbo DO acta como auxiliar,

por lo que no se requiere el uso de la "S" al final del verbo conjugado.

NOTA: El verbo en infinitivo, o primitivo, se TO = vivir = live / a = Wash Lavado / al amor =

amor. Al conjugar los verbos no es necesario el uso de TO.

Algunos ejemplos de oraciones:

- Jane lives in Mexico with John. They live there since 1989.

- Does Jane live in Mexico alone? Jane = she

RESPUESTAS => POSITIVAS: Yes, she does.

NEGATIVAS: No, she doesnt.

Respuesta Completa: No, she doesnt. She lives with John.

- Does your mother do exercises? Your mother = sua me = she

ANSWERS: POSITIVE: Yes, she does.

NEGATIVE: No, she doesnt.

OBS: Doesnt = DOES + NOT / Dont = Do + Not

I dont live

YOU dont live

HE doesnt live

SHE doesnt live

IT doesnt live

WE dont live

YOU dont live

THEY dont live

Do I live?

Do you live?

Does he live?

Does she live?

Does it live?

Do we live?

Do you live?

Do they live?

Finalizacin de los verbos en plural: Reglas

1. Para la mayora de los verbos, slo tiene que aadir la letra "S" para el infinitivo:

TO WORK: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Work HE/SHE/IT = Works

TO LIKE: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Like HE/SHE/IT = Likes

TO LIVE: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Live HE/SHE/IT = Lives

TO SPEAK: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Speak HE/SHE/IT = Speaks

2. Los verbos en el infinitivo que termina en "S", "SH", "CH" o "X", aadimos el sufijo "ES".

TO WASH: I / YOU /WE / THEY = wash HE/SHE/IT = Washes

TO WATCH: I / YOU /WE / THEY = watch HE/SHE/IT = Watches

TO FIX: I / YOU /WE / THEY = fix HE/SHE/IT = Fixes

3. Para los verbos GO, y DO, aadimos el sufijo "ES"

TO GO: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Go HE/SHE/IT = Goes

TO DO: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Do HE/SHE/IT = Does

4. Para el verbo TO HAVE, slo tiene que aadir "S":

TO HAVE: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Have HE/SHE/IT = Has

5. Para los verbos que terminan en Y, los sustituimos por IES:

TO STUDY: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Study HE/SHE/IT = Studies

TO FLY: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Fly HE/SHE/IT = Flies

TO CARRY: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Carry HE/SHE/IT = Carries

EXCEPCIONES: Cuando la "Y" es precedida por A/ E/ S/ U, slo queda la "S".

TO PLAY: I / YOU /WE / THEY = play HE/SHE/IT = plays

TO BUY: I / YOU /WE / THEY = buy HE/SHE/IT = buys

Los sustantivos tambin siguen esta regla para el plural. Slo que algunos sustantivos son

irregulares, o cambian la forma en que se escriben.

Child = children

Ox = oxen

Foot = feet

Goose = geese

Tooth = teeth

Gentleman = gentlemen

Man = men

Woman = women

Louse = lice

Mouse = mice

Algunos sustantivos, apenas contiendo la idea de dos o ms cantidades, slo se utilizan en el

plural:

Binoculars

Glasses

Trousers

Cattle

EXERCISES

1) Write these verbs in the third person (HE / SHE / IT): a) Read = reads

b) Repair =_______

c) Watch = _______

d) Listen = _______

e) Love = _______

f) Have = _______

g) Push = _______

h) Do = _______

i) Think = _______

j) Kiss = _______

k) Buy = _______

l) Go = _______

m) Fix = _______

n) Brush = _______

2. Complete the sentences: Use the correct form of these verbs:

a) Shes very clever. She speaks four languages.

b) Steve________________ten cigarettes a day.

c) We ________________dinner at 7 oclock.

d) I ________________films. I often ________________to the cinema.

e) Water ________________at 100 degrees Celsius.

f) In Britain, the banks ________________at 9:30 in the morning.

g) The City Museum________________ at 5 oclock every evening.

h) Food is expensive. It________________ a lot of money.

i) Shoes are expensive. They ________________ a lot of money.

j) Tina is a teacher. She ________________ mathematics to young children.

k) Your job is very interesting. You ________________ a lot of people.

l) Peter ________________ his hair twice a week.

3. Write the negative form of the statements:

a) I play the piano very well. I dont play the piano very well. b) Jack plays the piano very well. __________________________

c) You know the answer very well. _________________________

d) She works very hard. ________________________________

e) They do the same thing every day. _______________________

BOIL CLOSE COST COST GO HAVE

LIKE MEET OPEN SMOKE SPEAK

TEACH WASH

4. Write the opposite (positive or negative form):

a) I understand. I dont understand b) He doesnt smoke. __________________________________

c) They know. _______________________________________

d) She loves him. _____________________________________

e) They speak English. _________________________________

f) I dont want it. ____________________________________

g) She doesnt want them. ______________________________

h) He lives in Rome. ___________________________________

5. Write questions with DO or DOES:

a) I work hard, and you? Do you work hard? b) I play tennis, and you? _______________________________?

c) Lay tennis, and Ann? ______Ann _______________________?

d) I know the answer, and you? ___________________________?

e) I like hot weather, and you? ___________________________?

f) I smoke, and your father? _____________________________?

g) I do exercises every morning, and you? ___________________?

h) I speak English, and your friends? _______________________?

i) I want to be famous, and you? __________________________?

6. Write the positive or negative short answers (yes, he does / No, I dont)

a) Do you smoke? No, I dont b) Do you live in a big city? __________________________________ c) Do you drink a lot of coffee? _______________________________ d) Does your mother speak English? ___________________________ e) Do you play any musical instrument? __________________________ f) Does it rain a lot where you live? ___________________________

FAMILY TREE

GRANDMOTHER

LOUIS JORGE

SARAH BRIAN

LISA

Our family is big!

I am Richard, Im 17 years old!

My mother is called Lisa and my father is called John. Mary, is my grandmother, she is

married with Joseph, my grandfather. I dont know my great grandparents, they live in

England. I have an uncle called Louis; he is a very nice person! He is my aunt Emmas

brother. My cousins Brian and Donna dont live with their parents, they study abroad, but

their father, uncle Jorge, misses them a lot. They are my parents nephew and niece.

My sister Sarah and my little brother Jack live with my family and me. On next Sunday will

be my uncles birthday; uncle Louis will be 30 years old, and my daddy will make a party,

because he likes his brother-in-law very much.

Uncle Jorge and aunt Emma had practiced with their children a beautiful song to sing for

my uncle Louis. It will be a very nice party!

Uncle Louis complains a lot, because he doesnt have a girlfriend yet. Some years ago, he

got a girlfriend, but she had a child and my uncle doesnt want a stepson in his life. He

thinks that he will not be a good stepfather.

Today is very difficult to find the right person, but our family is praying for he gets a

girlfriend, and one day, he will get married and will have a lot of children and I will have

many cousins and nieces!

Great Grandmother = tatarabuela

Great Grandfather = tatarabuelo

Great Granddaughter = biznieta

Great Grandson = biznieto

Grandmother = abuela

Grandfather = abuelo

Granddaughter = nieta

Grandson = nieto

Mother = madre

Father = padre

Husband = esposo

Wife = esposa

Son = hijo

Daughter = hija

Sister = hermana

Brother = hermano

Mother-in-law = Suegra

Father-in-law = Suegro

Daughter-in-law = Nora

Daughter-in-law = hija-en-ley

Son-in-law = yerno

Cousin = Primo / Prima

Nephew = sobrio

Niece = sobria

Aunt = Tia

Uncle = Tio

Brother-in-law = cuado

Sister-in-law = cuada

Step-mother = madrasta

Step-father = padrasto

Stepson = hijastro

Stepdaughter = hijastra

Godmother = madria

Godfather = Padrio

Goddaughter = ahijada

Godson = ahijado

Girlfriend = novia

Boyfriend = novio

OCCUPATIONS

Hi, my name is Sarah, Im 15 years old. Im Richards sister and I am here to tell you what

each person of my family does.

My Grandmother Mary is housewife; she takes care of her house all the time and makes

food to my Grandpa. My Grandfather Joseph is a carpenter. I think he is the best

carpenter of our city. He makes furniture for special places and little objects made in

wood.

My Daddy is a lawyer; he works in the forum from Monday until Friday solving problems

that people ask some help to him. Im so proud of my Daddy, he is very honest.

My mother Lisa is a dentist; she never lets us go to bed if we dont brush our teeth!

My brothers Jack, Richard and me are students. I dont know what I will do as occupation.

Richard wants to be an architect and Jack, the youngest, wants to be an astronaut. Poor

Jack! He must study a lot!

My uncle Louis works with my uncle Jorge. They work on sales at their bookstore.

My aunt Emma is an Engineer. She works a lot on building many houses and apartments in

the city.

Brian and Donna study abroad, but they are almost graduated. Brian will be a doctor and

Donna will be a photographer. They have a shining career in their lives!

TEACHER Profesor STUDENT Estudiante OPERATOR Telefonista HOMEMAKER / HOUSEWIFE Ama de casa MAID / HOUSEMAID Mucama CLEANER / CHARWOMAN Mujer/ hombre de limpieza MECHANIC Mecnico DRIVER (taxi driver, truck driver) Conductor CONSTRUCTION WORKER Trabajador de la construccin ROAD WORKER / FACTORY WORKER trabajador del camino/ fbrica NIGHT WATCHMAN Vigilante SINGER Cantante POLICE OFFICER / POLICEMAN Oficial de policia DOCTOR Doctor DENTIST Dentista ENGINEER Ingeniero GROCER Tendero BUTCHER Carnicero BAKER / BREADMAN Panadero COOK / CHEF Cocinero

SECRETARY Secretaria, secretario SHOP ASSISTANT / SALES CLERCK Taller auxiliar LAWYER / ATTORNEY / ADVOCATE Abogado POSTMAN / MAILMAN Cartero PLAYER (football player, basket player) Jugador (jugador de ftbol, jugador de baloncesto) FIREFIGHTER / FIREMAN Bombero BRICKLAYER / MASON Albail PLUMBER / PIPEFITTER Fontanero VETERINARIAN / VET Veterinario HAIRDRESSER Peluquero (a) PHOTOGRAPHER Fotgrafo MODEL / TOP MODEL Modelo BODYGUARD Guardaespaldas VIGILANT / WATCHMAN Vigilante SECURITYMAN / SECURITY GUARD Guardia de seguridad TYPIST Mecangrafo TECHNICIAN Tcnico CARPENTER / WOODWORKER Carpintero

EXERCISES:

1. Write the occupations in the pictures:

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_______________

__

__________

ENGINEER, FIREMAN,

DENTIST, BAKER,

NURSE, DOCTOR

HANGER

CLOTHES

SHOES

ROOMS

HOME

HOUSE

LIVING-ROOM OU SITTING-ROOM

BEDROOM

KITCHEN

BATHROOM

LAUNDRY

GARAGE

DINNING-ROOM

WASHBASIN

GARDEN

YARD

BASEMENT

ATTIC

1. What do you have in your bedroom?

BED

BEDSPREAD / SHEET

LAMP

SHADE

BED SIDE TABLE

PLUG

CABLE

KNOB

DRAWER

MIRROR

WARDROBE

LIPSTICK

PERFUME

HAIRDRYER

CRADLE

TOYS BOX

NAIL

POLISH

MATTRESS

PILLOW

PILLOW CASE

2. What do you have in your Sitting-Room and in your Dining-Room?

SOFA

RACKSHELF

VIDEOCASSETTE

DVD PLAYER

TELEVISION SET

MICROSYSTEM

RECORD PLAYER

CASSETTE

PLAYER

SOUNDSPEAKER CD PLAYER

CHAIR

SUPPER TABLE

TELEPHONE

FLOWER

VASE

CLOCK

LUSTER

ASHTRAY

SWITCH / LIGHT

INTERRUPTOR

SOCKET

CURTAINS

PICTURE

FRAME

FAN /VENTILATOR

DOOR HANDLE

DOOR KNOB

TABLE CLOTH

3. What do you have in your bathroom?

BATHTUB

TRASH AND SANITARY BRUSH

TOILET

PAPER

NIGHT POT

PISS POT

SHOWER

TOILET

VASE

TAP

DRAIN

SINK / WASHBOWL/ WASHBASIN

PIPE

FLUSHING TANK/

LAVATORY

CISTERN /

FLUSH

BATH

TOWEL

CARPET

COMB

HAIR BRUSH

TOOTH

PASTE

SHAMPOO

TOILET SOAP

TOOTH

BRUSH

SHAVER

4. What do you have in your laundry?

WASHING MACHINE

BROOM

RAKE

CLOTHES BRUSH

DUSTPAN

IRON

WAXING MACHINE

BUCKET

SOAP

CLOTHES LINE

CLOTHES PEG

SINK

IRONING BOARD

FEATHER

BROOM/ DUSTER

PANTS /

TROUSERS

5. What do you have in your kitchen?

STOVE

BREAD CAKE TEA

JAR

FORM

FILTER

SAUCEPAN

SIEVE

CORKSCREW

SPOON

FORK

KNIFE

SALT POT

NAPKIN

PLATES

SUGAR POT

CUP

TOASTER

FOOD-MIXER

BLENDER

MATCHES

PEPPER POT

REFRIGERATOR/

FRIDGE

MICROWAVE OVEN

FRUIT

JUICE BOTTLE

COFFEE

POT

GLASSES

CUPBOARD

STOPPER

6. CLOTHES:

T-SHIRT

SKIRT

HAT

BLOUSE/SWEATER

DRESS

SUIT

JACKET

PANTY BRA

UNDERWEAR

TIE

BOWTIE

BELT

JUMP SUIT

BATHROBE

TENNIS SHOE /

SNICKER

SANDAL

SLIPPER / FLIP FLOP

SHOE BOOT

VEST

SHORTS

BLAZER / COAT

SOCKS

CAP

GLOVE

SCARF

SUNGLASSES

WATCH

ADJETIVOS Y OPUESTOS

Los adjetivos tambin se colocan en los dos sexos, masculino y femenino, y no cambian

durante el plural y singular.

EJ: A tall boy

A tall girl

Tall boys

Tall girls

En Ingls, el adjetivo precede al sustantivo:

EJ: Red car

Si ms de un adjetivo para calificar el sustantivo existir, deben estar separados por comas,

o incluso ser incrementado por un AND o BUT.

A long and tedious class

A competent but rude young doctor

El adjetivo tambin se puede utilizar despus de los verbos:

The house is large and sunny.

LA ORDEN DE LOS ADJETIVOS:

1. Material

Plastic pots

2. Nacionalidad / origen

Japanese plastic pots

3. Color

Red Japanese plastic pots

4. Forma

Round, red Japanese plastic pots.

5. Dimensin

Big, round, red Japanese plastic pots

6. Calidad

New, big, round, red Japanese plastic pots.

Clmate! Construcciones con varios adjetivos que modifican el mismo sustantivo no ocurren

con frecuencia!

Los opuestos, son antnimos de las palabras.

Veremos este tema brevemente, como los opuestos es ms una cuestin de vocabulario que

una cuestin gramatical.

Right / wrong

Good / bad

Well / badly

tall / short

Full / empty

Dirty / clean

Beautiful / ugly

Fat / slim (thin)

Healthy / sick

Short / long

Large (wide) / strait (narrow)

Bright / dark

Bad / Tasty

Loud / low

Happy / sad

Los opuestos tambin son adjetivos.

PRESENTE PROGRESIVO

El Presente Progresivo est formado por el verbo TO BE ms el verbo principal, ms el

sufijo ING.

Affirmative Form:

I Am living

He/ She/ It Is living

We/ You/ They Are living

Negative Form:

I am not living

He/ She/ It is not living

We/ You/ They are not living

Interrogative Form:

Am I living?

Is He/ She/ It living?

Are We/ You/ They living?

Negative-interrogative form:

am I not living?

is He/ She/ It not living?

are We/ You/ They not living?

NOTA: En el verbo Presente Progresivo TO BE tambin se utiliza en forma contrada en

declaraciones afirmativas, negativas, interrogativas y negativas-interrogativas. (Forma

contrada)

El Presente Progresivo se utiliza para expresar:

1. Una accin que est en curso en el momento de hablar. Expresiones de momento como

ahora, por el momento (at the moment) a menudo acompaan al verbo.

The baby is sleeping at the moment

Sally is walking in the park now

2. Actividades temporales que no se estn produciendo necesariamente en el momento de

hablar:

Fred is taking a course on computer programming this semester.

Theyre building a new supermarket near my house

3. Una accin programada. Adverbios, frases adverbiales como esta hoy por la noche

(tonight), maana (tomorrow), proximo mes (next month), etc... son de uso comn:

Were visiting Cancun next week

Bob is meeting Ann tonight

4. Una accin que se repite constantemente. Expresiones como siempre (always),

constantemente (constantly), invariablemente (invariably), siempre sigue al verbo.

My next door neighbor is always borrowing my vaccum cleaner.

(Mi vecino de al lado siempre est pidiendo prestado mi aspiradora)

Shes constantly arguing with her husband in front of the children.

(Est discutiendo constantemente con su marido delante de los hijos)

5. Verbos terminados con vocal pierden esa vocal y por lo general se suma slo el ING

sufijo.

Love = loving

Write = writing

Ride = Riding

REGLA DE SANDWICH:

Cuando el verbo viene termina con Consonante + Vocal + Consonante cuando se ponen en

Presente Progresivo, doblamos la ltima consonante antes de aadir ING:

To Stop = stopping

To Sit = sitting

To Run = Running

To Swim = Swimming

EXCEPCIN:

a) Las palabras que terminan en Y y W no se consideran consonantes:

To Snow = snowing

To Play = playing

b) En palabras largas, con 2 o ms slabas, si la ltima slaba es tnica, no doblamos la

consonante:

To Happen = Happening

To Visit = Visiting

To Remember = Remembering

To Listen = Listening

EXERCISES:

1. Put the verbs in the Present Progressive: a) To work=________________________________

b) To cook=________________________________

c) To read=________________________________

d) To eat =________________________________

e) To do= _________________________________

f) To drink = ______________________________

g) To watch = ______________________________

h) To sleep = ______________________________

i) To sing = _______________________________

j) To dance = ______________________________

k) To study = ______________________________

l) To write = ______________________________

m) To smoke = ______________________________

n) To type = _______________________________

2. Change the statement to the Present Progressive. So rewrite in the negative and

interrogative forms.

a) I eat cake in my bedroom. PP=__________________________________________

N=__________________________________________

I= __________________________________________

b) Julio plays football everyday.

PP=__________________________________________

N=__________________________________________

I= __________________________________________

c) Rain outside.

PP=__________________________________________

N= __________________________________________

I= __________________________________________

d) We watch movies in the cinema.

PP=__________________________________________

N= __________________________________________

I= ___________________________________________

4. What are they doing?

To Drive

To Play

To Fish

To Take a Bath

__________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

_________

__________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

_________

__________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

_________

__________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

_________

SEASONS (Estaciones)

In the FALL, the leaves fall down a lot. The weather is cold and wet.

(En el otoo, las hojas caen tambin. El tiempo es fro y hmedo)

In the WINTER, is freezing cold in the USA. It often snows, and everybody wears

too much clothes.

(En invierno, es fro en los EE.UU.. A menudo nieva y utiliza todo el mundo

demasiada ropa)

In the SUMMER, the weather is very hot. We go to the beach regularly.

(En el verano, el clima es muy caliente. Vamos regularmente a la playa)

In the SPRING, the days are beautiful! There are flowers everywhere and the

weather is nice. Not so hot, not so cold.

(En la primavera, los das son hermosos! Hay flores por todas partes y el clima es

agradable. No muy caliente, y ni tan fro)

DAYS OF THE WEEK

(Dias de La Semana)

Sunday = Domingo

Monday = Lunes

Tuesday = Martes

Wednesday = Miercoles

Thursday = Jueves

Friday = Viernes

Saturday = Sbado

I usually go to church on SUNDAYS. I love it a lot!

(Yo suelo ir a la iglesia los Domingos)

I seldom stay at home on SATURDAYS night.

(Rara vez me quedo en casa Sbados por la noche)

On FRIDAYS, I frequently go to the fair.

(Los Viernes, yo suelo ir a la feria)

AUTUMN / FALL

WINTER

SUMMER

SPRING

MONTHS OF THE YEAR

(MESES DEL AO)

JANUARY / JAN =Enero

FEBRUARY / FEB = Febrero

MARCH / MAR = Marzo

APRIL / APR = Abril

MAY / MAY = Mayo

JUNE / JUN = Junio

JULY / JUL = Julio

AUGUST / AUG = Agosto

SEPTEMBER / SEP= Septiembre

OCTOBER / OCT = Octubre

NOVEMBER / NOV= Noviembre

DECEMBER / DEC = Diciembre

I was born in October. It was a Sunday!

Yo nac en octubre. Era un domingo!

On May 1st is an international holiday. Its the Labor Day.

El 1 de mayo es un da festivo internacional. Es el Da del Trabajo.

Christ was born on December 25th from year 1.

Cristo naci el 25 de Diciembre del ao 1.

On April 1st, is the Lie Day. Everybody usually does tricks with friends.

El 1 de abril, es el Da de la mentira. Todo el mundo suele hacer trucos con amigos.

THE DAYS AND HOURS

Los das y Las Horas

YESTERDAY TODAY TOMORROW

MORNING Yesterday Morning This Morning Tomorrow Morning

AFTERNOON Yesterday Afternoon This Afternoon Tomorrow Afternoon

NIGHT Last night Tonight Tomorrow Night

Para hablar de las horas del da, la semana, por lo de ayer, hoy o maana, usamos algunas

reglas

Yesterday morning, I cut my hair. (Ayer por la maana, me cort el pelo.)

The movie that I watched yesterday afternoon was so good! (La pelcula que vi ayer por

la tarde era tan bueno!)

Last Night, I enjoyed myself a lot! (Anoche, me divert mucho!)

This morning, I woke up early. (Esta maana, me despert temprano.)

This afternoon, we played soccer. (Esta tarde, jugamos al ftbol.)

Tonight, I celebrate my love for you (Esta noche, yo celebro mi amor por ti.)

Tomorrow morning, I need to go to the supermarket. (Maana por la maana tengo que ir

al supermercado.)

Tomorrow afternoon, I need to go to the doctor. (Maana por la tarde, tengo que ir al

mdico.)

Tomorrow night, will be my birthdays party. (Maana por la noche, ser la fiesta de mi

cumpleaos.)

30/01/05 ONE WEEK AGO (Hace una semana)

2/02/05 3 DAYS AGO (Hace 3 Dias)

3/02/05 THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY (Anteayer)

5/02/05 YESTERDAY (Ayer)

6/02/05 TODAY (Hoy)

7/02/05 TOMORROW (Maana)

8/02/05 THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW (El da despues de la maana)

9/02/05 IN 3 DAYS (En 3 Dias)

14/02/05 IN 1 WEEK (En 1 semana)

14/03/05 IN ONE MONTH (En un mes)

14/05/05 IN ONE BIMESTER (En un bimestre)

14/09/05 IN ONE SEMESTER (En un semestre)

14/03/06 IN ONE YEAR (En un ao)

Decir que algo ha pasado en un mes, el ao, la semana ... atrs, usamos la palabra AGO.

- Three days ago (hace tres das)

Cuando algo va a suceder todava, una fecha lejos utiliza la preposicin IN.

- In one week. (En una semana)

Si algo es ya el prximo da, mes, semana, tambin utilizamos la expresin NEXT.

- On next week . (La prxima semana)

Si ha sucedido algo, tambin podemos utilizar la palabra LAST.

- Something happened on last week (algo que sucedi en la ltima semana)

EXERCISES:

1. Answer the following questions: a) Whats the first month of the year? _______________________________

b) Whats the last month? __________ _______________________________

c) Whats the date today? _________________________________________

d) Whats the date tomorrow? ______________________________________

e) What was the date yesterday? ____________________________________

f) What day of the week is today? ___________________________________

g) When is your birthday? _________________________________________

h) When is the Christmas? _________________________________________

i) When is Easter? ______________________________________________

j) When is the Independence Day in Brazil? ____________________________

2. Match the following phrases to the picture below:

(1) Many flowers

(2) Lets go swimming!

(3) It snows a lot.

(4) They are yellow and red now.

3. Whats the weather like in:

a) Rio de Janeiro __________________________________________

b) Argentina _____________________________________________

c) The Amazon ___________________________________________

d) Fortaleza _____________________________________________

e) Braslia _______________________________________________

f) Sibria _______________________________________________

g) Porto Alegre ___________________________________________

h) California ______________________________________________

i) Hawaii ________________________________________________

COMIDA Y BEBIDA

Breakfast Desayuno

Lunch - Almuerzo

Snack - Cafetera

Dinner - Cena

Supper Cena

Cuando nos referimos al acto de comer, usamos la palabra HAVE juntos, para preguntar o

responder:

- Do you want to have a lunch? - Usted quiere almuerzar?

No, thanks. I had a lunch before. No, gracias. Yo almorc antes.

Utilizamos la expresin HAD aqu porque el acto es en el pasado. (HAD pasado de HAVE)

- I need to have a dinner, Im hungry! - Es necesario disponer de una cena, tengo hambre!

- Lets have a snack in the caf?- Vamos a tomar un aperitivo en la cafetera?

WHICH AND WHAT

(Qu Y Cual)

Cuando le preguntas a alguien algo, y la respuesta tiene ms de una opcin, en lugar de

utilizar WHAT, utilizamos WHICH, lo que tambin significa QU o CUAL.

EX:

Whats your name?

My name is John

En este caso, la posibilidad de la respuesta es slo una. La pregunta se refiere a algo exacto

Which kind of food do you like?- (Qu tipo de comida te gusta?)

I like pasta and salad.- (Eu gosto de massa e salada)

En este caso se abre una gama de opciones de respuesta.

LIKES AND DISLIKES

(Le Gusta y No Le Gusta)

Para expresar nuestra opinin sobre gustar de algo o no gustar, utilizamos LIKE - el verbo

Le Gustar y DISLIKE- No Le Gustar, que tambin puede ser reemplazado por DONT LIKE

o DOESNT LIKE.

I like the summer. Which season do you prefer? (Me gusta el verano. Qu estacin te

gusta ms?)

I prefer the winter, because in the Summer I feel bad. (Prefiero el invierno, porque en el

verano me siento mal.)

Si la respuesta a la preferencia de algo es "ningun, ninguna," usar la palabra NONE.

- Which kind of meat do you prefer, chicken or fish?

Qu tipo de carne se prefiere, de pollo o de pescado?

- None!

- (Ninguno!)

Sin embargo, cuando la respuesta es "las dos, los dos, ambos, ambas" usar la palabra

BOTH.

- Which do you prefer, pizza or ice cream?

(Qu prefieres, pizza o helado?)

- I like both!

(Me gustan las dos cosas!)

EXERCISES

1. Complete com Which or What:

a) ____________ time does the class start?

b) ____________ season do you prefer: Winter or summer?

c) ____________ kind of music do you like?

d) ____________ do you have for breakfast?

e) ____________ time to go home?

f) ____________ sport do you prefer: football or volley?

g) ____________ is your book, this one or that one?

h) ____________ is your nationality?

i) ____________ time do you get up?

2. Answer the questions according to yourself:

a) Do you like pizza or barbecue?

b) _______________________________________

c) Which do you prefer: ice cream or pudding?

d) _______________________________________

e) Do you like crude fish?

f) _______________________________________

g) Do you like traveling?

h) _______________________________________

i) Which do you prefer, toothache or headache?

j) _______________________________________

k) Which do you prefer, country music or rock?

l) _______________________________________

m) What color do you like?

n) _______________________________________

o) Which place do you prefer, country or beach?

p) _______________________________________

PREPOSICIONES AT

1. Indica local:

- The children are at school now. [Los nios estn en la escuela ahora]

2. Al, A (indica movimiento o la direccin)

- Aim at the target and shoot. [Apunte al alvo y dispare]

- James threw a stone at my cat. [James tir una piedra a mi gato]

3. A la, A las (con horas)

- Lunch will be served at 1 oclock sharp. [El almuerzo ser servido a la una en punto].

4. A (con precio)

- Those sweaters are not for sale at ten dollars. [Los sweaters no estn en venta a diez

dlares]

EXPRESIONES:

- At Christmas, at the end, at present

(En Navidad, al final, en la actualidad...)

IN

1. En / dentro de / en el medio de:

- They are living in London [Ellos estn viviendo en Londres]

- The child is lost in the crowd [El nio se pierde en la multitud]

EXPRESIONES:

1. En un / el coche (taxi, carro, camin)

In town [En la ciudad]

In the air [En el aire]

In the snow [En la nieve]

In front of [Delante de]

2. Para Direcciones

- They went in / into the house [Entraron / en la casa]

- He dived in / into the lake [Se meti en el lago]

3. Con ao, Estaciones, Meses y Horas

- Liza was born in 1964. [Liza naci en 1964]

- I love Boston in the summer. [Me encanta Boston en el verano]

- Tony and Sandra were married in May. [Tony y Sandra se casaron en mayo]

- The children go to school in the morning. [Los nios van a la escuela por la maana]

4. Indica material o modo

- Please, write the composition in ink [Por favor, escribir la composicin con tinta]

- Dolores stared at them in sorrow [Dolores qued mirando con tristeza]

5. Cantidades

- We always buy wheat in bulk [Siempre compramos trigo a granel]

6. Con idiomas

- I always speak in Italian [Yo siempre hablo en italiano]

ON

2. En contacto con otra superficie

- The dog is lying on the grass [El perro est tumbado en la hierba]

- The book is on the table. [El libro est sobre la mesa]

EXPRESSIONS: On TV, on the road, on board, on land...

[En la televisin, en la carretera, en el barco / a bordo, en la tierra]

3. Las fechas y das de la semana

- Melissa was born on April 9th, 1991 [Melissa naci el 09 de abril 1991]

- We went to the movies on Saturday [Fuimos al cine el sbado]

EXPRESIONES:

On Easter Sunday [El Domingo de Pascua]

On Labor Day [En el Da del Trabajo]

On New Years Eve / Day [La noche / Da de Ao Nuevo]

4. Lugar

- I talked to my mother on / over the telephone yesterday [He hablado con mi madre en el/

por telfono ayer]

- I watch the news on TV [Veo las noticias en la televisin].

- I enjoy listening to music on the radio [Me gusta escuchar msica en la radio]

COMENTARIOS GENERALES

Se utiliza IN con los continentes, pases, estados, regiones geogrficas, ciudades, barrios,

direccin, ao, hora del da, material, modo, las cantidades y los idiomas.

Se utiliza ON cuando el medio de transporte es un animal cuando se camia a pie, cuando

est en contacto con otra superficie, los das de la semana, las fechas especficas y en

ciertos lugares.

Se utiliza AT con determinados lugares pequeos o especificos y antes ciudades pequeas,

tambin movimiento, direccin, horas y precio.

LAS PREPOSICIONES DE LUGAR

IN = idea de "dentro", se utiliza para

planes ms GENERALES.

ON = idea de "arriba" se utiliza para

planes un poco ms especfico;

AT = "ON" idea exacta de un plan

EXACTO, muy especfico.

EXERCISES:

1. Answer the questions using in, on, at.

a) Where are the places that you like to rest?

_____________________________________________

b) When is your birthday?

_____________________________________________

c) Which year were you born?

_____________________________________________

2) Complete: (Use in, on, at.)

a) The Christmas is _______ December 25th.

b) I wake up _______ 7 oclock.

c) I speak _______English_______my work.

d) _______ Easter I eat chocolate eggs.

Genitive Case

(Caso Genitivo)

En Ingls, se acostumbra a usar en la maera ms popular el apstrofe + s ('s) para decir

que algo pertenece a alguien. La preposicin "of" es una de las maneras ms formales, ms

viejas y menos usuales para indicar la posesin:

Ej:

United States of America

Para entender mejor cmo funciona la regla, es suficiente imaginar que la palabra que est

con el apstrofe "es la duea o el dueo de lo que viene adelante:

EJ:

This is Peters car

Es el coche de Peter.

Cuando se indica la posesin de varias cosas a la vez, utilice el apstrofe slo en la ltima

palabra:

EJ:

*That is Lisa, Donna, Richard and Edwards house.

Esa es la casa de Lisa, Donna, Richard y Edward.

Para indicar que algo pertenece a dos personas diferentes, utilizamos dos apstrofes:

EJ:

Lisas and Jacks dog

El perro de Lisay el perro de Jack.

- Si un perro fuisen tambin de los dos:

Lisa and Jacks dog.

El perro de Lisa y Jack. *

Si el nombre o una palabra termina con S slo ponga el apstrofe despus de la "S (S '):

EX: Louis bicycle

Bicicleta de Louis

Ejemplos con preguntas:

Whose is that car? (De quin es ese coche?)

That car is Peters (Ese coche es de Pedro.)

Is this Peters car? (Este o carro do Peter?)

Yes, it is. (Sim, este .)

Is this your car? (Este es su coche?)

No, its Marys. (No, es de Mara.)

EXERCISES

Our family is big!

I am Richard; Im 17 years old!

My mother is called Lisa and my father is called John. Mary, is my grandmother, she is

married with Joseph, my grandfather. I dont know my great grandparents, they live in

England. I have an uncle called Louis; he is a very nice person! He is my aunt Emmas

brother. My cousins Brian and Donna dont live with their parents, they study abroad, but

their father, uncle Jorge, misses them a lot. They are my parents nephew and niece.

My sister Sarah and my little brother Jack live with my family and me. On next Sunday will

be my uncles birthday; uncle Louis will be 30 years old, and my daddy will make a party,

because he likes his brother-in-law very much.

Uncle Jorge and aunt Emma had practiced with their children a beautiful song to sing for

my uncle Louis. It will be a very nice party!

Uncle Louis complains a lot, because he doesnt have a girlfriend yet. Some years ago, he

got a girlfriend, but she had a child and my uncle doesnt want a stepson in his life. He

thinks that he will not be a good stepfather.

Today is very difficult to find the right person, but our family is praying for he gets a

girlfriend, and one day, he will get married and will have a lot of children and I will have

many cousins and nieces!

1. Answer the questions using the Genitive Case, based in the text above:

a) Is Louis Richards father?

____________________________________________

b) Is Mary Donnas Grandmother?

____________________________________________

c) Is Lisa Brians mother?

____________________________________________

d) Whose father is John?

____________________________________________

e) The birthdays party, on next Sunday, is Jorges?

____________________________________________

Countable and Uncountable Nouns

(Sustantivos Contables y Incontables)

Los sustantivos concretos (todo lo que podemos tocar) se clasifican en contables y

incontables.

Los sustantivos contables son todo lo que se puede determinar una cantidad visible.

EX:

an apple = una manzana

a box = una caja

a sugar bag = un saco de azcar

Los sustantivos incontables son los que son imposible determinar la cantidad exacta:

EJ:

Sugar = Azcar ==> es imposible determinar el nmero de granos en un saco.

Azcar una bolsa de azcar.

Agua de una jarra de agua.

Incluyendo dinero para los americanos es incontable. Es posible contar las notas, pero no el valor.

THERE IS = Hay, Existe

THERE ARE = Han, Existen

EX:

There is a woman in the park = Hay una mujer en el parque

There are two women in the park = Hay dos mujeres en el parque

Para preguntar sobre sustantivos contables y incontables, utilice el pronombre indefinido

ANY (algun, alguna para frases interrogativas-negativas.

EJ:

Do you have any relatives here- Tiene algn pariente aqu?

Dont you have any relatives here? - No tiene algn pariente aqu?

Utilizamos SOME para algunas preguntas slo cuando la respuesta esperada es afirmativa

EJ:

There are some books on the table, arent there?

Hay algunos libros sobre la mesa, no?

RESPUESTAS:

EJ:

Is there any woman in the park? (Hay alguna mujer en el parque?)

Yes, there is SOME. (S, hay algunas)

Is there any child in the park? [Hay algn nio en el parque?]

No, there isnt ANY. [No, no hay ningun]

Siempre usamos ANY para hacer una pregunta. La respuesta positiva cuando se utiliza

SOME (algun, alguna, algunos, algunas ) y cuando es negativa utilice ANY (ninguno, ninguna o

alguno, alguna).

MANY, MUCH, LITLLE, FEW

Much = mucho, mucha

Many = Muchos, muchas

Little = poco, poca

Few = pocos, pocas

Mucho y Little son utilizados con sustantivos incontables. Ambos pueden ser utilizados

como un pronombre.

EJ:

He doesnt drink much coffee (Adjectivo) (l no bebe mucho caf)

She drinks little tea (Adjetivo) (ella bebe poco t)

How much money do you spend a day? - Cunto dinero gasta en un da?

Respuesta: Not much. (Pronombre). (No Mucho)

- She said there was a lot of food in the refrigerator, but there was little (pronombre)

(Ella dijo que haba una gran cantidad de alimentos en el refrigerador, pero haba poco.)

Cuando Little y Few han precedido del artculo A, ahora cuenta con una connotacin ms

positiva:

A little = no mucho, no mucha, pero algun, alguna

A few = no muchos, no muchas), pero algunos, algunas

EX:

Few people came over for the talk on AIDS- (Pocas personas se acercaron a la charla

sobre el AIDS.)

NOTA: Much y Many se utilizan preferentemente en oraciones negativas e

interrogativas. En oraciones afirmativas, por lo general se sustituyen por a lot of, lots

of, o plenty of:

He spends a lot of money on books

He spends lots of money on books (l Gasta mucho dinero en libros)

He spends plenty of money on books

EXERCISES

1. Match each item in the pictures with one word in the box, say if it is Countable (C)

or Uncountable (U):

2. Say what there is on the table:

a) Is there any milk on the table?

_____________________________________

b) Is there any flour?

_____________________________________

BREAD

MILK

WINE

BANANAS

CARROTS

STRAWBERRIES

CHEESE

APPLE

RICE

PAPAYA

EGGS

BEER

TEA

MEAT

SWEETS

HAMBURGER

PINEAPPLE

GRAPES

OIL

COOKIES

c) Are there any tomatoes?

_____________________________________

d) Are there any peaches on the table?

____________________________________

e) Are there any fruits on the table?

_____________________________________

3. Use How Much or How Many:

a) ___________ money do you get a month?

b) ___________ sisters and brothers do you have?

c) ___________ free time do you have?

d) ___________ tomatoes are here?

e) ___________ milk is there in the fridge?

f) ___________ dresses and skirts do you have?

g) ___________ friends do you have?

h) ___________ is that car?

i) ___________ are the newspapers?

j) ___________ are the records?

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE AND PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS

(Apariencia Fsica Y Caractersticas De Personalidad)

Cuando preguntamos acerca de la apariencia fsica de una persona, se utiliza la expresin:

What does she look like?- (Qu aspecto tiene? (Cmo ella es? / ella se parece?)

RESPUESTA: She is tall and slim. Shes got long and blond hair.

(Ella es alta y delgada. Ella tiene el pelo largo y rubio)

Y cuando nos preguntamos acerca de las caractersticas de la personalidad de una persona,

se utiliza la expresin:

Whats she like? Cmo es ella? (Como se parece) => se refiere a la personalidad.

RESPUESTA: She is talkative and intelligent. (Ella es locuaz e inteligente)

Cuando se hace referencia al cabello, ojos o cualquier parte del cuerpo de una persona,

primero identificamos el tipo y despus el color:

EJ:

Hes got short, straight and Brown hair.

(Tiene el pelo corto, liso y marrn).

Shes got little blue eyes.

(Ella tiene los ojos azules pequeos)

Lets describe a person:

- What does J Soares look like?

He is fat, short and has a beard. He has got straight, short and white hair and brown eyes

too. He wears glasses.

(l es gordo, corto y tiene una barba. l tiene el pelo corto y recto, y negro y ojos marrones

tambin. Lleva gafas.).

- Whats J Soares like?

He is intelligent, talkative and funny.

(l es inteligente, locuaz y divertido)

Hair (Pelo)

Curly = Rizado

Straight = Recto, liso

Wavy = Onduladas

Long = Largo

Short = Corto

Bald = Calvo

Blond = Rubio

Black = Negro

White = Blanco

Red = Rojo

Grey = Gris

Brown = marrn, pardo, castao, moreno

EYES (Ojos)

Black = negro

Brown = marrn

Blue = azul

Green = verde

Violet = violeta

Hazel = avellano

Light brown = castao claro

Deep blue = azul oscuro

PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS

(Caractersticas de Personalidad)

Easy = calmo

Intelligent = inteligente

Talkative= hablador, locuaz

Communicative = comunicativo(a)

shy= timido(a)

Jealous = celoso(a)

Good-humored= de buen humor

Bad-humored = de mal humor

Fun= Diversin

Funny= divertido(a)

Friendly= divertido(a)

Kind= amable

Nice= buena gente

Boring= aburrido(a)

SKIN (PIEL)

white = blanco(a)

Black = Negro(a)

blonde = rubio(a)

brunette = morena

OTHER CARACTERISTCS

(Otras Caracteristicas)

Hardworking = Trabajador(a)

Fashionable = en la moda

Well dressed = Bien vestido(a)

Cute = lindito(a)

Weird = extrao

No se debe confundir:

Shorts = ropa

Short= corto, bajo

PHYSICAL (Fsico)

Fat = gordo(a)

Plump / chubby = gordito(a)

Slim = delgado(a)

Thin = muy delgado(a)

Skinny = flaco

Beard = barba

Moustache = bigode

Tall = alto(a)

Short = corto(a), bajo(a)

Middle height = media altura

Pretty= linda

Ugly = feo

Beautiful = Lindo(a)

Handsome = Hermoso(a)

Young= Joven

Old = Viejo(a)

Middle age= edad media

EXERCISE:

1. Describe your classmate. What does he or she look like? Whats he or she like?

What kind of clothes he or she is wearing?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

PRONOUNS

(Pronombres)

Hasta ahora, el trabajo con los pronombres rectos (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they), que se

utilizan comnmente para reemplazar el nombre de las personas o cosas.

EX:

Ana is sleeping. (Anna est durmiendo).

She is sleeping. (Ella est durmiendo).

Pronombres rectos siempre se usan antes de los verbos.

The dog is eating the food. (El perro est comiendo la comida)

It is eating the food. (l est comiendo la comida).

Pero relacionado con estos pronombres, hay otros pronombres.

Primero vamos por partes:

1. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS (Pronombres adjetivos)

Indique la propiedad y siempre vienen antes de un sustantivo.

PRONOMBRES RECTOS PRONOMBRES ADJECTIVOS POSESIVOS

I (Yo) MY (Mi, mia)

YOU (Usted) YOUR (Tuyo, tuya)

HE (l) HIS (Su(s), suyo(s), suya(s), de l, de su, )

SHE (Ella) HER (Su(s), suyo(s), suya(s), de ella, ella, le, a ella)

IT (l/Ella) ITS (su(s), suyo(s), suya(s) de l, de ella)

WE (Nosotros) OUR (nuestro(s), nuestra(s)

YOU (Ustedes) YOUR (Su(s), suya(s), tu(s), tuya(s), vuestro(s), vuestra(s)

THEY (Ellos(as)) THEIR (su(s), suyo(s), suya(s),

EJ: That is my book. (Aquel es mi libro) This is our school (Esta es nuestra escuela ) Here is their house (Aqui es su casa), (casa de ellos, de ellas)

(sustantivo) 2. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS (Pronombres posesivos) Tambin indica la posesin, pero siempre vienen despus de un verbo, es decir, siempre al final de la frase. SUGERENCIA: Con la excepcin de MINE, otros pronombres tienen "S" al final. Despus de un sustantivo y preposicin.

PRONOMES ADJETIVOS POSSESSIVOS PRONOMES POSSESSIVOS

MY (Mi, mia) MINE (Tuyo(s), Tuya(s), suyo(s), suya(s)) YOUR (Tuyo, tuya) YOURS (Su(s), suyo(s), suya(s), tuyo(s),

tuya(s) de l) HIS (Su(s), suyo(s), suya(s), de l) HIS (Su(s), suyo(s), suya(s), tuyo(s),

tuya(s) de llo) HER (Su(s), suyo(s), suya(s), de ella, ella, le, a ella)

HERS (Su(s), suyo(s), suya(s), tuyo(s), tuya(s) de l, de lla))

ITS (su(s), suyo(s), suya(s) de l, de ella) ITS (Su(s), suyo(s), suya(s), tuyo(s), tuya(s) de l, de ella)

OUR (nuestro(s), nuestra(s) OURS (Nuestro(s), nuestra(s)) YOUR (Su(s), suya(s), tu(s), tuya(s), vuestro(s), vuestra(s)

YOURS (Tuyo(s), tuya(s), suyo(s), suya(s))

THEIR (su(s), suyo(s), suya(s), THEIRS (Tuyo(s), tuya(s), de llos, de llas)

EJ: That book is mine. (Aquel libro es mo.) This school is ours. (Esta escuela es nuestra) The house is theirs. (La casa es de ellos) (verbo) 3. Para pronombres que no indican posesin, tambin hay pronombres objetos que siempre vienen despus del verbo y, a menudo, al final de las oraciones.

PRONOMBRES RECTOS PRONOMBRES OBJETOS

I ME

YOU YOU

HE HIM

SHE HER

IT IT

WE US

YOU YOU

THEY THEM

EJ: I saw him last night (Lo vi ayer por la noche). (=> Utilice Despus Del verbo) Please, write them that letter. (Por favor, que escriban la carta) (=> Utilice Despus Del

verbo) He is taller than me. (l es ms alto que yo). Usando en el final de la frase. Observe por favor: No podemos decir He is taller than I,esto es totalmente errneo.

Pero s, He is taller than me. Por lo tanto, usamos el pronombre objeto.

4. LOS PRONOMBRES REFLEXIVOS

Los pronombres reflexivos se refieren a quin est hablando o se utilizan para dar nfasis a la que est hablando. Para formar los pronombres reflexivos, pronombres posesivos que utilizamos ms el sufijo SELF. PRONOMES RETOS PRONOMES REFLEXIVOS

I (Yo) MYSELF (Yo mismo)

YOU (Usted) YOURSELF (usted mismo)

HE (El) HIMSELF (El mesmo)

SHE (Ella) HERSELF (Ella mesma)

IT (El/ella) ITSELF (El, ella mesmo)

WE (Nosotros) OURSELVES (Nosotros mesmos)

YOU (Ustedes) YOURSELVES (Ustedes mesmos)

THEY (Ellos(as)) THEMSELVES (Ellos (as) mesmos (as))

EJ: Anita and Julian love to talk about themselves. (Anita y Julin le encanta hablar de s

mismos) They love themselves (Ellos aman a s mismos). I cut my hair by myself (Me cort el pelo por mi cuenta) Emily herself cooks the dinner (Emily ella misma prepara la cena) She is looking at herself in the mirror. (Ella est mirando a s misma en el espejo) => Cuando usamos la preposicin BY, la idea de que la persona hizo algo solo, sin ayuda. - Emily cooks the dinner by herself (Emily prepara la cena ella misma)

EXERCISES:

1. Use the Possessive Adjectives Pronouns (my, your, his, her, its, our, your,their):

a) I like _________ job. (I)

b) Sally is married. ________ husband works in a bank. (she)

c) Thank you for__________ letter. It was good to hear from you again. (you)

d) We are going to invite all ___________ friends to the party. (we)

e) Oxford City is famous for ___________ University. (it)

f) John is a teacher, but ____________sister is a nurse. (he)

g) Mr. and Mrs. Baker live in London, but __________ son lives in Australia. (they)

2. Use the Possessive Pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs):

a) This house is ________ but that is _________. (you / I)

b) Our bank account is separate. But the money is __________ (we).

c) They have two cars. Those cars are ____________ (they)

d) That umbrella belongs to Cindy. That umbrella is ____________(she)

e) Those pants are ___________ (we)

3. Complete the sentences with Objective Pronouns:

a) He is angry with ___________ (she)

b) She likes ____________(he), and I like ___________(she)

c) Bring it to ______________! (I)

d) The TV set is for __________ (you)

e) I want to see ____________ (she) again.

f) This magazine belongs to_____________ (you).

4) Rewrite the sentences using the correct pronouns:

EX: My parents like the new car

They like it.

a) Sarah can help the children. ____________________________________________

b) Bob is with Rose and Ann. ______________________________________________

c) I want to watch the class. ______________________________________________

d) I like to visit Mary. ___________________________________________________

e) He can study the lesson alone. ___________________________________________

f) My sister cooks for my parents everyday. __________________________________

g) I think about my boyfriend. ____________________________________________

h) I like to talk to Jane. _________________________________________________

i) Lets talk about you and me. ____________________________________________

5) Complete the statements with Reflexive Pronouns:

a) She promised ______________ she would never do that again.

b) He hurt ______________ with scissors.

c) She warmed ______________ by the fireplace.

d) We enjoyed ______________ at the party last night.

e) He introduced ______________ to the new teacher.

f) I blamed ______________ for being late.

g) He taught ______________ how to swim.

h) I hope you enjoy ______________ tonight, guys.

ADVERBS

(Adverbios) El adverbio es parte del discurso que funciona principalmente como un modificador del verbo tambin puede modificar un adjetivo o de otro adverbio.

Ex:

Paul washed the car quickly (Paul lav el coche rpidamente) (verbo) (adv. de modo = rpido)

Mary is extremely intelligent. (Mara es muy inteligente.) (Adverbio de Intensidad ) (Adjetivo)

He speaks too fast. (Habla demasiado rpido.)

(Adv. de intensidad) (adv. Modo)

Hay varios tipos de adverbios:

MODO: fast, badly, hard, slowly, well, just, etc.

rpido, mal, duro, poco a poco, bueno, justo, etc.

LUGAR: here, there, inside, outside, near, far, etc.

aqu, all, dentro, fuera, cerca, lejos, etc

TEMPO: already, just, now, soon, still, yet, today, yesterday, tomorrow, etc.

ya, simplemente, ahora, pronto, todava, todava, hoy, ayer, maana, etc

INTERROGATIVO: when?, where?, why? How?

cundo?, Dnde?, Por qu?, Cmo?

RELACIN: when, where, why, how

cundo, dnde, por qu, cmo

INTENSIDADE: very, almost, too, rather, quite, fairly, etc.

muy, casi, demasiado, ms bien, bastante, bastante, etc.

FRECUENCIA: always, often, never, seldom, frequently, occasionally, sometimes, etc.

siempre, a menudo, nunca, raramente, con frecuencia, a veces, a veces, etc

=> Vamos a estudiar aqu preferentemente adverbios de frecuencia e intensidad.

1. ADVERBIOS INTENSIDAD:

Los adverbios de intensidad siempre se colocan antes del adjetivo u otro adverbio:

EX:

Tony is extremely lazy. (Tony es muy perezoso)

The day was too hot. (El da estaba muy caliente)

July writes really very well. (Julio escribe realmente muy bien)

The children behaved very badly. (Los nios se comportaron muy mal)

2. ADVRBIOS DE FRECUENCIA

Los adverbios de frecuencia presentan diferentes modelos de colocacin:

a) Despus del verbo TO BE:

He is always late for work. (l siempre llega tarde al trabajo)

They were frequently on time. (Ellos estaban a menudo en la hora)

b) Despus de la asignatura con el resto de los verbos en tiempos simples:

They occasionally work at night. (De vez en cuando trabajan por la noche)

We never travel by train. (Nunca Viajamos en tren).

=> EN POCAS PALABRAS, adverbios de frecuencia siempre viene despus del sujeto, o

despus del verbo, slo excepto a veces, siempre viene al principio de la frase.

Para preguntar "con qu frecuencia" alguien hace algo o le pasa algo, se utiliza la expresin

HOW OFTEN?

EX:

How often do you go to the movies? (Con qu frecuencia vas al cine?)

I go to the movies once a week. (Yo voy al cine una vez por semana)

OUTROS EXEMPLOS:

A- Mary, what do you have for breakfast every day?

(Mary, qu tienes para el desayuno todos los das?)

B - I always have a cup of tea and some toast with butter.

(Siempre tengo una taza de t y unas tostadas con mantequilla.)

A-Do you ever have bacon and eggs?

(Alguna vez tiene tocino y huevos?)

B- Sometimes I have.

(A veces tengo.)

C Peter, what do you like to have for lunch?

(Peter, qu te gustas tener para el almuerzo?)

D - I usually have a salad.

(Por lo general tiengo una ensalada.)

C Do you ever eat meat?

(Alguna vez come carne?)

D No, never.

(No, nunca.)

E Lucy, what do you usually have for dessert?

(Lucy, qu es lo que suelen tener para el postre?)

F Fruit.

(Fruta)

E Do you ever have sweets?

(Alguna vez tiene dulces?)

F Yes, but not very often.

(S, pero no muy a menudo.)

ALWAYS

ALWAYS

USUALLY

OFTEN

SOMETIMES

NEVER

SIEMPRE

GENERALMENTE

ALGUNAS VECES

A VECES

NUNCA

EXERCISES

1. Complete the sentences, with things that you do, according to the Frequency

Adverbs:

a) I always_____________________________________________________

b) I often _____________________________________________________

c) I rarely _____________________________________________________

d) My family seldom ______________________________________________

e) I and my friends usually _________________________________________

f) I never _____________________________________________________

g) Sometimes, I and ______________________________________________

2. Use the Intensity Adverb in each space:

a) Its_____________ hot today!

b) I sleep _________________ all the time.

c) Its ____________________ good your homework.

d) Abortion is __________________ bad for the womens health.

e) You tired me _______________ much!

f) This food is _______________ enough.

g) Jean is __________________ intelligent.

h) Its ___________________ late, baby.

TOO EXTREMELY RATHER SO

QUITE FAIRLY ALMOST VERY

WEATHER

(Tiempo)

WHATS THE WEATHER LIKE?

Cmo est el clima?

Utilizamos una Expresin whats the weather like? Para preguntar sobre el tiempo.

Las respuestas pueden ser variadas:

Its freezing cold. (Hace mucho Frio)

Its cold. (Hace frio)

Its cool; its nice. (Es agradable, bueno)

Its warm. (Es clido)

Its hot. (Hace calor)

Its sunny. (Hace sol)

Its wet / humid. (Es hmedo)

Its dry. (Es seco)

Podemos referirnos al clima, tambin utilizando los adverbios de intensidad y frecuencia

Its very cold (Hace mucho fro)

Its very hot (Es muy caliente)

It rains a lot (Llueve mucho)

It rains regularly (Llueve regularmente)

It seldom rains. (Rara vez llueve)

It often snows (Nieva a menudo)

It never snows (Nunca nieva)

El pronombre It, en este caso, se

refiere al clima.

No hay que confundir:

WEATHER = Clima

WHETHER = IF = Se

Advrbios de intensidad

DIRECTIONS

(Direcciones)

Aprendamos a llegar a los lugares?

Cuando estamos en una ciudad o lugar que no conocemos, y necesitamos llegar a un algun

lugar, por lo general solicitamos informacin a los extraos en la calle.

Si estamos fuera del pas, como lo haramos entonces?

How can I get there? (Cmo puedo llegar alli?)

Is there any bank near here? (Hay un banco cerca de aqu?)

Con el fin de entender algunas informaciones necesitamos conocer el nombre de los puntos

estratgicos y lugares como referencia:

Block = Cuadra

Street = Calle

Avenue = Avenida

Road = carretera

Corner = Esquina

Cross = Cruzar, cruz

Turn right = Doble a la derecha

Turn left = Doble a la izquierda

Go straight ahead = Siga recto

Next to = Junto a, junto al, al lado de

EX:

A- Can you help me, please?

B- Yes, of course!

A- Where can I get some biscuits?

B- At the grocers

A- Where can I find a grocers?

B There is one on Minto Street, next to the bank. Turn left and its on your right, across

the street.

GROCERS

BANK

A- Is there any bank near here?

B- Yes, there is one next to

newsagents. Go ahead and its on your left.

EXERCISES

1. Lets practice:

2. Where can you get these things?

A- How can I get to the post

office? B- Go straight-ahead, turn right at

the cinema and its on your left, next to the newsagents.

cinema

News

agent

Vdeo

Shop

A- Where is the bank? B- Go straight ahead, turn left and its on your right, next to the Video Shop.

Banton Road

A- How can I get to the school? B- Go straight ahead, cross the Banton Road, and its on your right, on the corner.

1. Stamps

2. An Aspirin

3. Biscuits

4. A Newspaper

5. A Book

6. Bread

7. A can of

sausages

8. Flowers

9. Meat

10. Carrots

11. Money

12. A Record ( ) Bank

( ) Bookshop

( ) Post Office

( ) Record Shop

( ) Supermarket

( ) Chemists

( ) Grocers

( ) Newsagents

( ) Greengrocers

( ) Butchers

( ) Bakers

( ) Flower Shop

SIMPLE PAST

(Pasado Simples)

Hay varias formas de referirse al pasado. Aqu vemos el pasado simple, que sera el verbo

TO BE y TO DO en el pasado.

Recordando que el verbo TO BE sirve nicamente para expresar SER o ESTAR, conjugar

verbos en el pasado de la siguiente manera:

EJ:

Last year she was 22 years old, so she is 23 years old now.

(El ao pasado ella tena 22 aos de edad, entonces tiene 23 aos ahora.)

When I was a child, I was afraid of dogs.

(Cuando era un nio, tena miedo de los perros)

We were tired after the journey but we werent hungry.

(Estbamos cansados despus del viaje, pero no tenamos hambre)

The hotel was very comfortable and it wasnt expensive.

(El hotel era muy cmoda y no era caro)

Where were you at 3 oclock yesterday afternoon?

(Dnde estaba a las 3 de la tarde de ayer?)

Was the weather good when you were on holiday?

(El clima estaba buen cuando estabas de vacaciones?)

Those shoes are nice. Were they expensive?

(Esos zapatos son nizas. Eran caros?)

AFIRMATIVE:

I was (yo era / estaba) You were (usted era / estaba) He was (l era / estaba) She was (ella era / estaba) It was (l o ella era / estaba) We were (nosotros ramos / estbamos) You were (ustedes eran / estaban) They were (ellos o ellas eran / estaban)

NEGATIVE:

I was not (yo no era / no estaba) You were not (usted no era / usted no estaba He was not (l no era / l no estaba) She was not (ella no era / ella no estaba) It was not (l o ella no era / l o ella no estaba) We were not (nosotros no ramos / nosotros no estbamos) You were not (ustedes no eran / ustedes no estaban) They were not (ellos o ellas no eran / ellos o ellas no estaban)

INTERROGATIVE:

Was I? (yo era? / yo estaba?) Were You? (usted era? / usted estaba?) Was He?( l era? / l estaba?) Was She? (ella era? / ella estaba?) Was It? (l o ella era? / l o ella era o ello o ella estaba?) Were We? (nosotros ramos? / nosotros estbamos?) Were You? (ustedes eran? / ustedes estabam?) Were They? (ellos o ellas eran? / ellos o ellas estaban?)

NOTE QUE:

AM / IS = WAS

ARE = WERE

FORMA CONTRACTA

Wasnt = was not

Werent = were not

Why was he angry yesterday?

(Por qu estaba enojado ayer?)

RESPOSTAS CURTAS:

EX:

- Were you late?

libro de gramatica de inglés y español

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