janet hope

Model-mongering inbiotech R&D:

the “open source”analogy

Janet HopeJanet HopePostdoctoral Fellow, ANUPostdoctoral Fellow, ANU

Braithwaite and Drahos (2000): Global Business Regulation

Source http://assets.cambridge.org/052178/4999/cover/0521784999.jpg/

OverviewOverview

What is open source?What is open source?

Generalizing the open source modelGeneralizing the open source model

OverviewOverview

What is open source?What is open source?

Generalizing the open source modelGeneralizing the open source model

Source code

Object code

Compiler/interpreter program

Human-readable

Machine-readable(a.k.a. binary, executable)

What is open source? – source code

Source: http://www.akia.co.jp/support/mb77v537/README4.gif

What is open source? – closed source

Source Wikipedia

What is open source? – closed source

Peter Norton Computing, Inc.

VisiCorp

Word Perfect Corporation

What is open source? – free software

Source:www.paco.net.ua/~indexless/wwg/chacker/

What isWhat is ““freefree”” software?software? Users are free to:Users are free to:

Run the program for any purposeRun the program for any purpose Study how it works and adapt to specific needsStudy how it works and adapt to specific needs Redistribute copiesRedistribute copies Improve the program and release improvementsImprove the program and release improvements

= Access + legal freedoms= Access + legal freedoms

What is open source? – free software

Copyleft: “all rights reversed”.

What is open source? – copyleft licensing

Source:data.pg2k.hd.org/_exhibits/memes/_more2002/_more02/copyleft

What is open source? – the GPL

“GNU’s Not UNIX”

Source: www.kernelconcepts.de/products/pins.shtml

What is open source? – Linux

Linus Torvalds

Source:news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/business/newsid_643000/643711.stm

The cathedral and the bazaar

What is open source? –the “bazaar”

Source: www.illuminata.com/public/content/cathedral/intro.htm

What is open source? – the “bazaar”

Source:http://www.funkypancake.com/blog/stuff2/DSC09352.jpg

Science as a jigsaw puzzle

Commercial applicationsCommercial applications Cost sharing: access to improvements madeCost sharing: access to improvements made

at othersat others’’ expenseexpense

Larger market for complementary goods orLarger market for complementary goods orservicesservices

Enhanced reputation and learning capacityEnhanced reputation and learning capacity

Competitive effectsCompetitive effects

What is open source? – business strategies

OverviewOverview

What is open source?What is open source?

Generalizing the open source modelGeneralizing the open source model

What is open source? – “free” versus “open source”

Source:http://www.opensource.org/trademarks/opensource/web/opensource-110x95.png

Licensees are permittedLicensees are permitted…… To use the technology for any purpose;To use the technology for any purpose;

To make copies and sell or otherwise distributeTo make copies and sell or otherwise distributethem without payment of royalties to licensor;them without payment of royalties to licensor;

To create derivative works and sell or otherwiseTo create derivative works and sell or otherwisedistribute them without payment of royalties todistribute them without payment of royalties tolicensor;licensor;

To access the source code.To access the source code.

What is open source? – “free” versus “open source”

OverviewOverview

What is open source?What is open source?

Generalizing the open source modelGeneralizing the open source model

OverviewOverview

What is open source?What is open source?

Generalizing the open source modelGeneralizing the open source model

Key features of open source:Key features of open source:

Credible commitmentCredible commitment

CompetitionCompetition

CopyleftCopyleft

Translating the open source model

Key features of open source:Key features of open source:

Credible commitmentCredible commitment

CompetitionCompetition

CopyleftCopyleft

Translating the open source model

Key features of open source:Key features of open source:

Credible commitmentCredible commitment

CompetitionCompetition

CopyleftCopyleft

Translating the open source model

Key features of open source:Key features of open source:

Credible commitmentCredible commitment

CompetitionCompetition

CopyleftCopyleft

Translating the open source model

Key features of open source:Key features of open source:

Credible commitmentCredible commitment

CompetitionCompetition

CopyleftCopyleft

Translating the open source model

OverviewOverview

What is open source?What is open source?

Generalizing the open source modelGeneralizing the open source model

Model-mongering inbiotech R&D:

the “open source”analogy

Janet HopeJanet HopePostdoctoral Fellow, ANUPostdoctoral Fellow, ANU