index [assets.cambridge.org]assets.cambridge.org/97805218/64381/index/... · index abbasid...
Post on 29-Jun-2020
4 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Index
Abbasid Caliphate, 44Abd al-Qadir, 172, 173 , 199Abd el-Krim, 197, 199Abdallah ibn Yasin, 46Abdurahman, A., 280Abeokuta, 154, 156, 160, 162Abidjan, 298, 312Abiodun, 146Abu Ishaq al-Saheli, 87Abydos, 19Accra, 147Accra riots, 257Achimota, 230Act of Union (South Africa), 279Action Group, 243 , 258Adamawa, 175Addis Ababa, 171 , 306, 311Adulis, 41Adwa, Battle of, 171 , 196Afonso Mbemba Nzinga, 134, 139, 145 , 159African Association, 241 , 244, 256African Church Organisation, 163African National Congress (South Africa),
280–1 , 282–3 , 291 , 302African National Congress (Southern
Rhodesia), 244African Political Organisation, 280African Renaissance, 309African Union, 309Afrikaans language, 129, 185 , 279Afrikaner Bond, 185 , 279Afrikaner people, 129, 130, 180, 181 , 182,
278–80, 286; see also Cape Colony,Orange Free State, South Africa,Transvaal
Afroasiatic languages, 11 , 63 , 75Agades, 75 , 202Agaja, 143Agaw languages, 57
Aghlabid dynasty, 44, 51agriculture
in East Africa, 16, 35 , 108, 112–13 , 119, 190,191 , 222
in Egypt, 13 , 45in Ethiopia, 14, 58Green Revolution, 266mechanisation, 225 , 266, 275 , 283in North Africa, 30, 31 , 32, 45 , 166, 264in Nubia, 14, 26origins of, 12–16postcolonial, 261 , 264–6in southern Africa, 36, 119, 185 , 274,
283in West Africa, 15–16, 63–7, 76, 96, 142,
150, 176, 222Ahmad al-Mansur, 74, 167Ahmad ibn Ibrahim, 61Ahmadu Lobbo, 178Ahmed Bey, 172AIDS see diseaseAkan, 81 , 133 , 147Akhenaten, 23Akjoujt, 34Aksum, 41 , 56, 57, 61Akwamu, 147Akwapim, 160, 210, 223al-Azhar, 170al-Bakri, 51 , 91al-Banna, Hasan, 238al-Idrisi, 69al-Kanemi, Muhammad, 175al-Maghili, 94al-Masudi, 54, 103al-Suyuti, 94al-Turabi, Hassan, 304al-Yakubi, 45 , 51al-Zawahiri, Ayman, 304Aladura churches, 235
345
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
346 Index
Alexander the Great, 25Alexandra, 277, 281Alexandria, 25 , 37, 40, 41 , 42, 61Algeria
disease, 167, 172European settlement, 212, 224, 254French rule, 171 –2fundamentalism, 304–5independence, 254nationalism, 238population, 166, 172postcolonial, 264, 292, 304
Algiers, 164, 304Ali Bey, 168Ali bin al-Hasan, 55Allada, 80, 148, 150Alliance High School, 230Almohads, 47, 52Almoravids, 46, 51 , 52, 53Alvares, F., 58Alwa, 42, 56Amaro, 161Amazons, 149Ambaca, 159Amda Siyon, 57, 60, 171Amhara, 57, 171Amin, I., 271 , 290Amr ibn al-As, 43Amun, 23–4, 26, 28Anglo-Boer War, 197, 198, 278, 279Angoche, 105Angola, 136, 137, 139, 141 , 142, 143 , 145 , 149,
150, 151 , 152, 153 , 154, 156, 158, 159, 164,197, 225 , 256, 268
Anlo, 152Antonine movement, 145 , 159Antony, Saint, 37Anyi, 70apartheid, 2, 273 , 281 –7Apedemak, 28Apuleius, 32Arabi, Colonel, 195Arawa, 98Archinard, L., 206Arden-Clarke, C., 198, 254Arguin Island, 131Armee Islamique du Salut, 305armies, see militaryArochukwu, 137, 237
art, see rock artArusha Declaration, 262Asante
British conquest, 155 , 163 , 196, 199, 200,202
Christianity, 160economy, 142, 147, 150, 151 , 154, 210,
211gold, 147–8, 155 , 211and nationalism, 255 , 258response to abolition, 155 , 157, 158restored Confederacy, 208settlement, 88slave trade and state formation, 137,
147–8, 151 , 154Asimini, 151Assin, 147Aswan, 27Attahiru, 201Augustine, Saint, 40Australopithecines, 6–7Awash Valley, 7Awdaghust, 51Awolowo, O., 258Ayyubid dynasty, 47Azelik, 84Azikiwe, N., 232, 241
Baga, 133Bagamoyo, 53 , 187, 188, 211Bagauda, 64Bagre society, 89, 90, 91Bamako, 193 , 196, 211Bamba, Amadou, 209Bambara, 74, 145 , 173 , 178, 206Bambatha Rebellion, 203Bambuk, 50, 51 , 73Bamileke, 221Bamoum, 157bananas, 15–16, 108, 110, 112, 118, 222Banda, H. K., 300Bandiagara, 63Bangui, 311Bannerman, J., 162Bantu speakers
expansion in East Africa, 16, 34–6, 108,110
expansion in southern Africa, 35–6,100–1 , 127
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
Index 347
expansion in West Africa, 16, 66–7languages, 16, 54religion, 125
Banu Hilal, 46, 47bao game, see mankala gameBaoule, 201Bariba, 80, 93 , 146Barwe, 202Basel Mission, 210Bauchi, 175Bawol, 144Bayei, 113Beatrix Kimpa Vita, 145Bechuanaland, see BotswanaBegho, 81Beit, A., 186Belgian Congo see Congo, Democratic
Republic ofBelhadj, Ali, 305Bemba, 107, 108, 115 , 119, 126, 247Benedictines, 232Beni societies, 227Benin kingdom, 66, 69, 78, 79–80, 86, 87,
88, 89, 91 , 95 , 98, 133 , 139, 151 , 158, 159,196, 206, 239
Benin, Republic of, 299, 309; see alsoDahomey
Berbersancient Libyans, 24, 25 , 29Christianity, 40early history, 29–33and European conquest, 172, 197Islam, 43 , 44–5 , 53 , 144, 174language, 11 , 31 , 44, 63medieval dynasties, 45–7and Moroccan state, 167pastoralism, 13Saharan trade, 50, 51 , 52, 85
Berlin Conference, 195Beta Israel, 57Beti, 157, 230, 232Biafra, 269Bigo, 110Biko, S., 285bilharzia see diseaseBir Kiseiba, 13Birimi, 15Bismarck, O. von, 195 , 197, 198Bito clan, 110, 111 , 112, 116
Biton Kulibali, 145 , 179Biya, P., 299Black Consciousness, 285Black Death, 2, 37, 47–9, 55 , 68, 166Blaize, R. B., 163Bloc Democratique Senegalais, 255Bloemfontein, 280Blombos Cave, 9, 10Bloodmen, 156Blood River, Battle of, 182Bobangi, 137, 146, 151 , 158Boilat, D., 162Bonny, 138, 151 , 156, 161Bono Manso, 81Borgu see Baribabori cult, 91 , 176Borno, 51 , 69, 74–5 , 77, 84, 85 , 92, 97, 175 ,
177Botha, L., 279Botha, P. W., 286Botswana, 197, 213 , 259, 261 , 265 , 271 , 302,
309, 312; see also TswanaBouake, 211Bourguiba, H., 238, 254, 269, 270boys Dakar, 298Braide, G., 234Brand, J. H., 182Brazzaville Conference, 242bridewealth, see family structureBriere de l’Isle, L.-A., 193Britain
in East Africa, 189, 196, 200, 208in Egypt, 169, 170, 195in Ethiopia, 171and Second World War, 228in slave trade and abolition, 135 , 153in southern Africa, 130, 181 –3 , 185 , 197,
208in Sudan, 196, 208in West Africa, 161 , 163 , 195 , 196, 207–8see also decolonisation
British South Africa Company, 198Buganda, 110–11 , 114, 116, 119, 121 , 123 , 126,
148, 152, 188, 189, 191 , 192, 199, 200,202, 203 , 206, 229, 231 , 234, 240, 244
Bugerere, 223Buhen, 26–9Bujumbura, 311Bulawayo, 202, 211
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
348 Index
Bundu, 144Bunyoro, 110, 111 , 112, 116, 118, 122, 170, 188,
189, 200Bure, 52Burmi, Battle of, 201Burns, A., 243Burundi, 112, 113 , 116, 117, 126, 190, 192, 208,
239, 258, 301 , 307, 308Butua, 105Buyoya, P., 307, 308Bwana Mkubwa, 123Bwiti cult, 237, 248Byzantium, 40, 41 , 42, 43 , 46, 61
Cairo, 45 , 48, 75 , 166, 168, 169, 227, 230, 304Calabar, 138, 154, 156, 158Caledon Code, 181camels, 32, 50, 83 , 84, 177Cameroun, 195 , 255 , 299cancer, see diseasecannibalism, 69, 138, 140canoes, 13 , 83 , 122Cape Colony
British conquest, 130, 181 –3Dutch rule, 126–30franchise, 183 , 185 , 279frontier, 130liberalism, 183racialism, 129responsible government, 185slave emancipation, 213slavery, 128–9Trekboers, 130, 182
Cape Town, 117, 122, 128, 129, 182, 185 , 277,278, 282
Cape Verde, 69capitalism (African), 177, 223–4, 291 ,
306Capuchin friars, 159, 160Carthage, 30–1 , 33 , 34, 38Casablanca, 227cassava, 113 , 142, 191 , 222, 247Cato Manor, 282cattle
in East Africa, 14–15 , 16, 34, 100, 109, 110,118, 123 , 191
in Egypt, 13in Ethiopia, 14in North Africa, 13 , 30, 32
in Nubia, 28, 56origins of pastoralism, 12–13in Sahara, 13in southern Africa, 35 , 36, 100, 101 –4, 118,
123 , 127, 179in West Africa, 15
cattle-killing, 184Central African Federation, 244, 256,
259Central African Republic, 218Ceuta, 131Chad, 268Chadli, Benjedid, 304, 305Chagga, 120, 187, 191Chalcedon, Council of, 40Chamber of Mines, 274Changamire, 105 , 120charity, 21 , 37, 59, 61 , 95 , 236Chewa, 120, 180, 230Chibinda Ilunga, 107, 115Chibuene, 53 , 54chiefs
colonial, 205–9, 240–1and nationalism, 258, 259postcolonial, 271
chikunda, 105 , 121Chilembwe, J., 202, 205 , 231Chinese labour, 278Chinithi, 32Chiti Muluba, 115Chokwe, 156cholera, see diseaseChristianity
in colonial period, 232–5in East Africa, 189, 235eclecticism, 159, 161 , 184, 233–4, 296in Egypt, 37–8, 40, 43–4in Ethiopia, 41 , 56–62independent churches, 163 , 235 , 296in North Africa, 37–40, 44, 47in Nubia, 41 –2, 56pentecostal, 297postcolonial, 296–7in southern Africa, 105 , 130, 159, 181 ,
183–5in West Africa, 134, 145 , 155 , 158–61
Church Missionary Society, 189chwezi cult, 126, 191 , 234Circumcellions, 40
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
Index 349
civil warAlgeria, 305–6Angola, 268, 309Burundi, 308Chad, 268, 296Congo, Democratic Republic of, 268, 309Congo, Republic of, 301Ethiopia, 306Liberia, 306Mozambique, 268Nigeria, 269, 302Rwanda, 307Sierra Leone, 306Somalia, 306Sudan, 268, 296, 309Uganda, 306
climatein colonial period, 215 , 246in East Africa, 116, 192in Ethiopia, 58in North Africa, 46postcolonial, 266prehistoric, 12–13 , 15in South Africa, 116, 179, 185in West Africa, 50, 52, 69, 177
clothin Central Africa, 104, 105 , 123in colonial period, 221in East Africa, 123 , 187, 191in Egypt, 48, 166, 221in Ethiopia, 221in North Africa, 45 , 221in West Africa, 50, 64, 83 , 86–7, 133 , 136,
138, 149, 153 , 177, 221cloves, 187Cochoqua, 127cocoa, 209, 222, 223 , 229, 260, 262, 263 , 290coffee, 154, 222, 225 , 260, 263 , 290Coillard, F., 215colonial administration, 203–9Colonial Development and Welfare, 229colonisation of land
and AIDS, 311 , 315Bantu expansion, 16, 34–6, 100–1 , 108consequences, 214, 222cultural impact, 88–9, 99, 124in East Africa, 100, 108–9, 110, 112–15 , 192,
223in Ethiopia, 56–9
postcolonial, 265in southern Africa, 34–6, 101 –3as theme, 1 –4in West Africa, 63–71 , 209, 223 , 224, 265
coloured people (South Africa), 186, 277,280, 282, 284, 286, 302
communism, 238, 240, 255 , 280, 300, 306Communist Party of South Africa, 277,
278, 281Conakry, 211Congo, Democratic Republic of, 195 , 210,
218, 249, 251 , 252, 255 , 261 , 268, 299,308–9
Congo, Republic of, 298, 299, 301Congo River, 16, 137Congress of South African Trade Unions,
291 , 302Congress Youth League (South Africa), 281Constantine, Emperor, 38contraception
in ancient Egypt, 20postcolonial, 253 , 310in South Africa, 284in West Africa, 70
Convention People’s Party, 243 , 244, 254,257, 258
copperin Central Africa, 105 , 106, 122, 123 , 212,
225postcolonial, 260, 261 , 292prehistoric, 17, 20, 27, 29, 33–4, 36, 50, 84in South Africa, 127, 179in West Africa, 138
Coptic Church, 37, 40, 41 , 42, 43–4corruption, 21 , 270, 295 , 298, 301Cote d’Ivoire, 196, 243 , 255 , 260, 261 , 263 ,
299, 301cotton, 28, 45 , 83 , 168, 169, 170, 209, 213 ,
222coups, see militarycowrie shells, 85 , 106, 138, 151 , 152, 154, 174,
177craft industry
and Atlantic slave trade, 150in colonial period, 221 –2in East and southern Africa, 122in North Africa, 166in West Africa, 85–7, 154
Crowther, S. A., 160, 162
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
350 Index
currencyin Central Africa, 106, 123in East Africa, 54, 55 , 104in Egypt, 22, 25in Ethiopia, 41in North Africa, 50, 52in West Africa, 50, 82, 84, 85 , 138, 154, 174,
177Cushitic speakers, 11 , 15 , 16, 109, 111 , 120,
124
Daamat, 29, 41Dagomba, 81 , 147Dahomey, 80, 136, 137, 138, 143 , 146, 148–9,
151 , 154, 155 , 158, 196, 199, 200, 207, 213 ,236, 241
Dakar, 211 , 228, 298Damergou, 178Dan, 72dance, 53 , 61 , 64, 99, 124, 178, 191 , 227, 245Danquah, J. B., 242, 243Dar es Salaam, 211 , 311Dar Fertit, 170Darfur, 170, 197Dawud, Askiya, 78De Beers, 186de Brazza, S., 195de Gaulle, C., 253 , 254, 255de Klerk, F. W., 286de Souza, F., 153Debra Berhan, 61Debra Libanos, 60, 62debt, international, 260, 261 , 263 , 276, 290,
292Decius, Emperor, 38decolonisation
Belgium, 253 , 255 , 268Britain, 237, 242, 243–4, 253 , 254–5 , 256,
268France, 238, 242, 243 , 253 , 255in general, 253Italy, 238, 253Portugal, 253 , 255 , 256
Defiance Campaign, 282Deima, 235Deir el-Medina, 22democratisation, see postcolonial
governmentDenkyira, 147
Destour, 238devaluation, 288, 290, 292, 293Dhar Tichitt, 15 , 49Dia, 49Diagne, B., 241diamond mining, 185 , 186, 212, 261Diata II, 68Dinka, 170, 201Diocletian, Emperor, 40Diop, C. A., 26Diouf, A., 313disease
AIDS, 296, 311 –15in ancient Egypt, 20and Atlantic slave trade, 142–3 , 152bilharzia, 20cancer, 20cholera, 158, 167, 169, 172, 177, 192, 217,
294and colonial conquest, 215 , 216–17in East and southern Africa, 116–17, 192and food production, 12gonorrhoea, 217, 218, 248Guinea worm, 68indigenous medicine, 58, 68, 89, 117influenza, 217leprosy, 20, 58, 68, 116, 248, 252malaria, 12, 20, 58, 67, 116, 118, 181 , 198,
248, 252, 294measles, 185 , 252modern medicine, 162, 193 , 247–8, 251 ,
294, 298, 313plague, 43 , 68, 116, 142, 166, 167, 169, 177,
217poliomyelitis, 252rinderpest, 216, 217, 274smallpox, 20, 58, 68, 116, 117, 128, 140,
143 , 158, 167, 169, 172, 177, 185 , 192,215 , 216, 247, 251
syphilis, 20, 68, 116, 117, 142, 217, 247, 252trypanosomiasis, 15 , 68, 114, 192, 216–17,
247, 294tuberculosis, 20, 117, 142, 248, 252, 274,
277, 294typhus, 117, 172in West Africa, 67–8, 176yaws, 68, 116, 142, 217, 247, 294see also Black Death
Do masquerade, 98
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
Index 351
Dogon, 64, 98, 223Donatist Church, 38–40, 44, 305Dongola, 42, 56dos Santos, J., 116Douala, 157, 158, 221 , 228Dulugu, 173Dunama Dibalemi, 76Durban, 35 , 280, 281 , 282, 284, 285Dutch
in Cape Colony, 126–30in West Africa, 135 , 145
Dutch Reformed Church, 230Dyula, 85 , 94, 157Dzivaguru cult, 125
East London, 281eclecticism, see Christianity, Islam, religionEcole William Ponty, 230, 231economic development
colonial, 193 , 209–13 , 214, 222, 228–9, 242postcolonial, 260–4, 288–93
educationBantu, 285colonial, 224, 229–31in East Africa, 294in Egypt, 168female, 176, 231 , 246, 252, 310Islamic, 95 , 236postcolonial, 293–4in southern Africa, 184, 285university, 230, 281 , 294in West Africa, 161
Egba United Board of Management, 162Egungun society, 92Egypt, ancient
agricultural origins, 12, 13 , 17history, 17–26influence in Africa, 2, 26, 29language, 11literacy, 5 , 19, 23in Nubia, 21 , 26–9population, 20religion, 17, 20, 22–4, 26slavery, 22, 25 , 27
Egypt, medievalChristianity, 37–8, 40, 43–4disease, 167economy, 166, 168Fatimid rule, 45 , 56
Islam, 43–4Mamluks, 47–9, 164, 168Ottoman rule, 164population, 166slavery, 56
Egypt, modernBritish rule, 170, 195 , 198economy, 169, 209, 238, 263 , 276Enlightenment, 169fundamentalism, 302Muhammad Ali, 168–9nationalism, 195 , 237political independence, 237population, 169, 248, 249, 264
Ekpe society, 94, 156Ekumeku resistance, 202Ekwensi, C., 232El Mina, 133 , 135Engaruka, 113Equiano, O., 140, 152Eritrea, 196, 238, 306Ethiopia
agriculture, 14Christianity, 41 , 56–62Era of the Judges, 171famine, 58, 216, 264Italian invasion, 239languages, 11 , 41medieval history, 56–62modernisation, 171 , 239nineteenth century, 171nobility, 59and partition, 197, 199political origins, 29Portuguese, 62, 159revolution, 305–6see also Adwa, Aksum, Daamat
Ethiopian Church (South Africa), 235Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary
Democratic Front, 306ethnicity, 208, 227, 239–40, 271 , 295 , 301 ,
306, 307European settlement
in East Africa, 212, 224in Egypt, 169in North Africa, 172, 212, 224in southern Africa, 127, 128, 181 , 212, 224,
275evolution, human, 6–12
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
352 Index
Ewostatewos, 60Ewe, 80, 148, 230Ewuare, 80, 98, 239Eyadema, G., 299Ezana, 41
Fagunwa, D. O., 232Faidherbe, L., 163 , 193Falasha, 57family planning, see contraceptionfamily structure
and AIDS, 312, 313and Atlantic slave trade, 152bridewealth, 245and Christianity, 234, 246in colonial period, 244–6in East and southern Africa, 118–20, 191 ,
245in Egypt, 22in Ethiopia, 58feminism, 246, 296in general, 1and Islam, 246and labour migration, 274in North Africa, 245 , 246, 295postcolonial, 252, 259, 295 , 310in West Africa, 69, 72, 96–9, 162, 163 ,
245 , 246famine
and AIDS, 313and Atlantic slave trade, 137in colonial period, 215–16, 247in East and southern Africa, 115–16, 124,
185 , 192, 216, 247, 267, 313in Egypt, 20, 45in Ethiopia, 58, 216, 247, 267in North Africa, 45 , 46, 167postcolonial, 251 , 267in West Africa, 68–9, 158, 177, 247, 267
Fang, 157, 237Fante, 150Fante Confederation, 162Faras, 42Fatimid dynasty, 45 , 51 , 52, 56Faye, J., 233Fayum, 13fertility, see populationFes, 44, 47, 75 , 167, 257Fezzan, 30, 32, 50
Fipa, 107, 112firearms
in Central Africa, 121in East Africa, 187, 188, 189, 190in Ethiopia, 171in general, 164, 193in North Africa, 49, 164, 167, 168, 170,
172, 173and partition, 199in South Africa, 127, 180, 181in West Africa, 74, 77, 133 , 139, 144, 145 ,
147, 149Firestone Company, 224First World War, 215 , 233fishing, 10, 13 , 14, 26, 106, 108, 122Fon, 80football, 227, 245 , 295forced removals, 283Fort Hare University College, 281Fourah Bay College, 161France
in Egypt, 168and Great Depression, 228in North Africa, 171 –3 , 195 , 197, 208and Second World War, 228–9and slave trade, 135in West Africa, 161 , 162, 163 , 193 , 196, 199,
206–7, 208, 213see also decolonisation
Freedom Charter, 282Freetown, 153 , 162, 163Frelimo, 257, 268, 271Front de Liberation Nationale, 238, 254, 304Front Islamique du Salut, 305Frumentius, 41Fulani jihad, 174–5Fulbe, 73 , 74, 144, 173–6, 178, 180, 205 , 207fundamentalism, see IslamFunj, 56, 170Fustat, 52Futa Jalon, 144, 150, 151 , 156, 157, 174, 196,
207, 247Futa Toro, 73 , 144, 174, 178
Gabon, 218, 248, 252, 255Gaddafi, M., 271Gaetuli, 30, 32Gaha, 146Gambia, 154, 255 , 259, 271
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
Index 353
games, 190Ganda, see BugandaGao, 51 , 53 , 73 , 74Garamantes, 30, 32, 50, 83Garcia II, 145Gash Delta, 29Gaza, 180, 274generational relationships
age-sets, 120, 179and Christianity, 160, 184, 232, 245in colonial period, 244–5in East and southern Africa, 120, 179in Egypt, 22in Ethiopia, 59in general, 1and Islamic fundamentalism, 305postcolonial, 298, 306in West Africa, 97–9youth cultures, 298youth gangs, 282, 295youth and nationalism, 257, 259, 285–6,
287Geniza, 45genocide, 301 , 307Germany, 195 , 196Gezira (Somalia), 54Gezira scheme, 222, 226Gezo, 155Ghana (ancient), 51 , 52, 53 , 91Ghana (modern), 161 , 162, 163 , 213 , 242,
243 , 254, 259, 262, 290, 309Gigthis, 32goats, 13 , 34Gobir, 174Gola, 213gold
Atlantic trade, 131 , 133 , 155in Central Africa, 54, 103–6, 211in Ethiopia, 57in Nubia, 27, 28, 56Saharan trade, 45 , 46, 48, 50, 51 , 52in South Africa, 197, 273 , 283 , 285 , 291in West Africa, 50, 52, 53 , 72, 79, 81 , 84,
104, 147–8, 211Gold Coast, see Ghana (modern)Goncalo da Silveira, 105 , 159Goncalvez, A., 131Gondar, 171Gonja, 73 , 84, 93 , 147
gonorrhoea, see diseaseGordon, G., 170Gordon Memorial College, 230Gouro, 72Gowon, Y., 269Graduates General Congress, 241Great Depression, 157, 221 , 228, 276Great Kei River, 35Great Trek, 182Griqua, 128, 181Groundnut Scheme, 229groundnuts, 154, 155 , 209, 213 , 219, 260Group Areas Act, 282Groupe Islamique Arme, 305Growth, Employment, and Redistribution,
291Guinea, 255 , 259Guinea-Bissau, 255 , 312Guinea worm, see diseasegum, 154Gumede, J., 280
Habyarimana, J., 307Hafsid dynasty, 47Haile Selassie, 239, 305Hambukushu, 113Hamdallahi, 178Harar, 57, 61Harare, 227Harris, W. W., 234Hart, J., 161hati, 236Haukuzi, 113 , 115Hausa, 11 , 63 , 64, 68, 75–6, 77, 85 , 87, 93 ,
95 , 97, 98, 174–8, 207, 211 , 213Haya, 112Hehe, 190Hekanakht of Thebes, 22, 265Henrique, Bishop, 159herding, see cattleHerero, 215Herihor of Thebes, 24Hertzog, J. B. M., 279Het Volk, 279Hilarianus, 38Hinda clan, 112Hofmeyr, J. H., 279Holy Ghost Fathers, 160, 233Homo ergaster, 7
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
354 Index
Homo habilis, 7honour, 4, 40, 60, 69, 76–7, 79, 86, 121 , 140,
144, 152, 201 , 246, 286horses
in ancient Egypt, 21 , 25in Ethiopia, 59in North Africa, 30, 32, 50in Nubia, 29in South Africa, 127, 180in West Africa, 51 , 69, 75 , 76–7, 80, 81 ,
86, 176Horton, J. A., 162, 163Houphouet-Boigny, F., 243 , 270, 299Howieson’s Poort Industry, 9Hubbu, 157hunting, 10, 12, 13 , 72, 89, 115 , 118Husuni Kubwa, 55Hutu, 111 , 190, 233 , 239, 258, 307–8
Ibadan, 156, 201 , 208, 214, 258Ibibio Welfare Union, 227Ibn Battuta, 53 , 55 , 68, 85 , 94, 96, 98Ibn Khaldun, 44, 46, 48, 49, 56Idris, King, 238Idris, Sultan, 44Idris Aloma, 74, 77, 78ifa divination, 91 , 94, 95 , 160, 236Ifat, 57Ife, 67, 79, 80, 87, 91 , 258Ifriqiya, 43 , 44, 45–6, 47Igbo, 50, 66, 79, 81 , 87, 134, 136, 137, 140, 143 ,
150, 152, 154, 158, 160, 196, 201 , 202,205 , 208, 230, 232, 258
Igbo-Ukwu, 50, 79, 91Ijaw, 138Ijaye, 156Ijebu Ode, 80, 86, 200, 213 , 232, 236,
258Ilesha, 258Ilorin, 86, 177Imbangala, 98, 145 , 149, 156Imvo Zabantsundu, 231independent churches, see ChristianityIndians
in East Africa, 187, 211in South Africa, 183 , 281 , 282, 284, 286
Indirect Rule, 207–9, 239Industrial and Commercial Workers
Union, 278, 280
industryin Egypt, 168, 229postcolonial, 261 , 264, 290, 291postwar development, 229in South Africa, 276–7, 283 , 284–5 , 291 –2see also craft industry
influenza, see diseaseinformal sector, 295Ingombe Ilede, 105Inkatha, 286, 287Interahamwe, 307, 308International Monetary Fund, 288, 292, 293Iraqw, 109, 119, 121 , 223iron
in ancient Egypt, 25 , 34in colonial period, 221in East Africa, 34–6, 112, 122, 191in general, 33–6in North Africa, 31 , 34in Nubia, 28, 29, 34postcolonial, 261in southern Africa, 106, 122, 127, 179status of ironworkers, 33 , 53 , 85 , 112, 122in West Africa, 34, 49, 85 , 138, 150, 154
Iron and Steel Corporation (South Africa),276
irrigationin Central Africa, 108in East Africa, 113in Egypt, 19, 25 , 48, 168in North Africa, 32postcolonial, 266in Sudan, 222in West Africa, 222
Isichei, E., 160Islam
brotherhoods, 47, 92and colonial rule, 235–6in East Africa, 53–5 , 189, 190eclecticism, 236in Ethiopia, 57, 61 –2fundamentalism, 231 , 238, 295 , 302in North Africa, 42–9postcolonial, 297in South Africa, 129in West Africa, 49–53 , 74, 75 , 92–6,
144–5 , 148, 155 , 173–6, 178see also Mourides, Qadiriyya, Salafiyya,
Tijaniyya
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
Index 355
Ismail, Khedive, 169, 170, 195Istiqlal, 238, 257Italy, 196, 238; see also decolonisationItsekiri, 157, 159ivory, 27, 41 , 50, 53 , 54, 57, 103 , 104, 107, 154,
179, 187, 188Ivory Coast, see Cote d’IvoireIyasus Mo’a, 60
Jaja, 156Jameson Raid, 197, 201Jehovah’s Witnesses, 224, 233 , 235Jenne, New, 69, 73 , 74, 81 , 86, 87, 94, 178,
196Jenne, Old, 49–50, 69, 86, 87Jesuits, 159, 233Jews, 37, 41 , 45 , 47, 57, 61Johannesburg, 277, 281 , 282, 284John of Ephesus, 42Jola, 78, 85 , 151 , 201 , 236Jolof, 73 , 144Jugurtha, 31Jukun, 79, 93Juno Caelestis, 32justice, colonial, 205Justinian, Emperor, 40
Kaarta, 173 , 178Kaba, 73Kabila, J., 309Kabila, L., 308Kabylia, 172, 226Kadalie, C., 278, 281Kadero, 14Kaffa, 171Kaggwa, A., 206, 231 , 240Kairwan, 43 , 45 , 46, 52, 221Kajoor, 73 , 83 , 144Kalala Ilungu, 106Kalenjin, 108Kalonga, 107Kamba, 187Kampala, 311Kanem, 51 , 53 , 69, 74, 76, 77, 78, 93Kano, 64, 75 , 77, 78, 84, 87, 93 , 175 , 177,
201 , 211 , 221 , 298Kano Chronicle, 75 , 76, 77Karagwe, 112Kasanje, 149
Katsina, 75 , 86, 91 , 93 , 94Katuruka, 34, 112Kaunda, K., 300Kazembe, 108, 113 , 121 , 126, 142Kenya, 196, 212, 224, 243 , 251 , 252, 256, 260,
262, 300Kenya African Union, 243Kenyatta, J., 256Kerekou, M., 299Kerma, 27–9Kete, 82Khama, 184, 200Khami, 105Kharijites, 44, 46, 50, 51 , 52, 53 , 305Khartoum, 14, 188, 196Khayr ed-Din, 172, 230Khoikhoi, 10, 35 , 117, 118, 123 , 124, 126–30,
181 , 183 , 184, 185Khoisan, see Khoikhoi, SanKhufu, 24Kigali, 311Kikuyu, 109, 115 , 191 , 212, 216, 224, 225 , 231Kikuyu Central Association, 240Kilwa, 55 , 104–5 , 114, 117, 187Kimbangu, S., 234Kimbanguist Church, 296Kimberley, 185 , 186Kimbu, 115Kinjikitile, 202, 236Kinshasa, 255 , 298, 308, 311kinship, see family structureKintampo culture, 15Kisama, 151Kitereza, A., 232Kiwanuka, J., 233Koelle, S., 136–7kola, 72, 84, 147, 177Kololo, 181Kondeah, 151Kong, 211Kongo, 68, 82, 90, 92, 97, 134, 136, 139, 142,
143 , 145 , 151 , 158–9, 161 , 237Kono, 72Kontagora, 200Korana, 128Koumbi Saleh, 51Kounta, 92, 174Kpelle, 72Krio language, 162, 243
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
356 Index
Kru, 133 , 214Kruger, P., 197, 279Kuba, 69, 82, 84, 90, 94, 96, 98kubandwa cult, 126Kumasi, 147, 155 , 157, 202, 210, 211Kuruman, 183Kusayla, 43Kush, 27–9Kwaku Dua I, 155 , 158KwaZulu, 282, 287, 302Kwena, 122
labourcolonial demands, 203 , 244migration, 154, 181 , 186, 214, 224, 225–6,
233 , 240, 245 , 246, 248, 274postcolonial, 295in South Africa, 181 , 182, 183 , 186, 274,
276, 277, 278, 283 , 285 , 295unemployment, 238, 285 , 291 , 295
Laetoli, 7Lagos, 154, 161 , 162, 163 , 177, 210, 211 , 235Lagos Weekly Record, 231Lalibela, 57, 62Lamu, 53 , 55 , 186land
in Central Africa, 105 , 225 , 265 , 292in East Africa, 190, 206, 225 , 241 , 265 , 309in Egypt, 20, 25 , 169, 209, 263in Ethiopia, 59, 223 , 265 , 306and nationalism, 258in North Africa, 30, 31 , 45 , 166, 212, 223 ,
225 , 264, 265in South Africa, 130, 182, 183 , 185 , 274,
291in West Africa, 158, 223 , 224, 265see also European settlement
languageand ethnicity, 239families, 10–12, 63origins, 10see also Afroasiatic, Bantu, etc.
Latakoo, 122Lebanese, 211Lega, 81Lekhanyane, E., 235Lemba cult, 152Leopard’s Kopje, 103Leopold II, 195 , 198, 210
leprosy, see diseaseLesotho, see SothoLever Brothers, 210Lewanika, 200, 240Lewis, S., 162Liberia, 161 , 162, 163 , 196, 197, 306Liberia Herald, 162Libreville, 16, 161Libya, 197, 201 , 215 , 238, 253 , 304literacy
in ancient Egypt, 5 , 19, 23and Christianity, 183 , 189, 229, 232–5in East Africa, 230in Ethiopia, 29, 41in general, 193 , 231in North Africa, 31in Nubia, 28in West Africa, 89, 94–5 , 134, 145 , 147,
155 , 159, 232literature, 232Livingstone, D., 108, 188, 191Livy, 30Loango, 87, 137, 146, 153Lobengula, 201Lobi, 223locusts, 58, 68, 115 , 120LoDagaa, 89London Missionary Society, 183Longinus, 42Lovedale, 184Lozi, 108, 113 , 126, 181 , 183 , 200, 214, 240, 259Luanda, 134, 135 , 145 , 149, 151 , 158, 161 , 188Luba, 106–7, 112, 115 , 120, 124, 126, 157, 188,
212lubaale cult, 126Lubumbashi, 227Lugard, F., 207, 213 , 214, 236Lumumba, P., 255 , 308Lunda, 107–8, 113 , 120, 121 , 126, 149, 150, 154,
156Lundu, 107, 125Luo, 109, 114Luyia, 240
Maasai, 108, 122, 123 , 190, 191Maba Jaaxu, 155Macaulay, H., 241Macleod, I., 253Madani, Abbasi, 305
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
Index 357
Magdala, 171Mahdali, 55Mahdi (Sudan), 196, 199, 201 , 202, 206Mahrem, 41maize, 113 , 118, 142, 179, 191 , 222, 223 , 266,
274, 276Maji Maji rebellion, 202, 215 , 236Makerere College, 231 , 294, 299Makua, 107, 117Makuria, 42, 55 , 56Malan, D. F., 279, 281malaria, see diseaseMalawi, 197, 198, 213 , 244, 256, 300Malawi Congress Party, 256, 259Mali (ancient), 52–3 , 72–3 , 76, 77, 81 , 85 ,
86, 92, 93 , 94, 95 , 99Malik Sy, 144malnutrition, 12, 68, 247, 248, 252Mamadu Dyuhe, 157Mambwe, 226Mamluks, 47–9, 76Mamprussi, 81Manda, 54, 123Mandara, 74Mande, 52, 71 , 72–3 , 87, 144Mandela, N., 287Mangbetu, 170mankala game, 99, 123Manning, P., 141 , 143 , 192Mansa Musa, 92Manyika, 106Mapungubwe, 104, 123Maputo, 35 , 179Maqqari, 52marabi culture, 280Maravi, 107, 119, 124, 125Margai, M., 243Marghi, 86Marinid dynasty, 47Marrakesh, 46, 47marriage, see family structureMartins, D. J., 153Masina, 178Masinissa, 31Masmuda, 47masquerade, see danceMatamba, 149, 151Mau Mau rebellion, 244, 256, 258Mauri, 30
Mauritania, 213 , 259Mawlay al-Hassan, 173Mawlay Ismail, 167Mbanza Kongo, 82, 84, 87; see also Sao
SalvadorMbari houses, 250Mbegha, 109, 115Mbeki, T., 291 , 302Mbona cult, 125 , 236Mbundu, 149Mbwila, Battle of, 145measles, see diseasemedicine, see diseaseMemnius Pacatus, 32Menelik II, 171 , 196, 305Mengistu Haile Mariam, 306Merimde, 13Meroe, 28–9, 34Mfecane, 179–81Mfengu, 182, 185military
in ancient Egypt, 21 , 24colonial armies, 199, 228colonial conscription, 203coups d’etat, 263 , 268, 269, 270, 290, 298,
301 , 302, 305 , 307and democratisation, 299, 300in Ethiopia, 59postcolonial armies, 270–1 , 305
Miller, J. C., 139millet, 15 , 34, 64, 176, 222Milner, A., 197mining, see copper, diamond mining, gold,
ironMirambo, 188mitochondrial DNA, 7–9, 13Mobutu Sese Seko, 268, 270, 299, 308modernism, see Salafiyyamodernity, human, 7–10Mogadishu, 55Mogho Naba, 207, 208Moi, D. arap, 300Molokweni, 122Mombasa, 105 , 118, 187, 211monasticism, 37, 57, 60Mongo, 82Monophysite faith, 40, 41 , 42, 43Moore, F., 136Moors, 63 , 84, 92, 133 , 221 , 259
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
358 Index
Moravians, 183 , 232Morocco
disease, 167European settlement, 212, 224famine, 167fundamentalism, 304independence, 254invasion of Songhay, 74, 173modernisation and partition, 173 , 197,
198nationalism, 238population, 167precolonial state, 167
Moshoeshoe, 181 , 183Mossi, 77, 81 , 93 , 97, 157, 173 , 196, 207, 214,
226motor transport, see transportMouride brotherhood, 209, 214, 236Movement for the Restoration of the Ten
Commandments of God, 296Movement of the Islamic Way, 304Mozambique, 136, 140, 153 , 197, 202, 225 ,
257, 268, 274Mpondo, 200Msiri, 188, 191Mthethwa, 179Mubarak, H., 292, 304Mugabe, R., 256, 301Muhammad V, 238, 254Muhammad VI, 304Muhammad Abduh, 170Muhammad Ali, 168–9, 170, 171 , 172Muhammad Bello, 175Muhammad ibn Abdallah, 196Muhammad ibn Tumart, 47Muhammad Korau, 75Muhammad Rumfa, 77Muhammad Ture, Askiya, 74, 93Muhammadu Marwa, 298Mukasa, 126, 233Munhumutapa, 105–6, 117, 120, 125 , 259Munsa, 110Museveni, Y. K., 290, 300, 313music, 191Muslim Brotherhood, 238, 302, 304Mutesa I, 189Muyaka, 118Mwanga, 189, 202Mwari, 105 , 180, 236
Nabta Playa, 13 , 14Nagawonyi, 116Nairobi, 228, 311Namaqua, 128Namibia, 195 , 197, 257Napata, 28Nasir al-Din, 144Nasser, G. A., 263 , 303Natal, 114, 182, 183National Bank of Nigeria, 221National Congress of British West Africa,
241National Council of Nigeria and the
Cameroons, 243 , 258National Party (South Africa), 279, 281 –7,
302National Party of Nigeria, 302National Resistance Movement, 290nationalism
in Central Africa, 244, 256–7in East Africa, 241 , 243–4, 256in Egypt, 195 , 237in general, 241 , 242, 253 , 260and local politics, 258in North Africa, 238, 253and social conflict, 258–60social origins, 257–8in southern Africa, 185 , 276,
278–87in Sudan, 241 , 253in West Africa, 242, 243 , 254–6
Natives Land Act, 274, 280Nazarites, 235Ndebele, 180, 181 , 183 , 184, 200, 201 , 208,
212, 226Ndongo, 82, 89, 149Ndwandwe, 179, 180Neanderthals, 7negritude, 241Neo-Destour, 238, 254New Economic Partnership for African
Development, 309Ngbandi, 81Ngoni, 180, 184, 190Nguni, 101 , 113 , 118, 179, 181Ngwane, 179, 180Ngwato, 184Niger, 299, 301Niger-Congo speakers, 11 , 16, 63
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
Index 359
Niger Delta, 134, 136, 137, 138, 146, 151 , 154,156, 157, 163 , 196
Nigeria, 195 , 198, 213 , 243 , 255 , 259, 263 ,269, 295
Nigerian National Democratic Party, 241Nigerian Youth Movement, 241 , 245Nile Valley
agricultural origins, 12late stone age, 10
Nilo-Saharan speakers, 11 , 13 , 14, 16, 34, 63 ,67, 108, 125
Ninjas, 295Nioro, 196Njinga, 149, 151Njoya, 231Nkore, 112, 123Nkrumah, K., 243 , 253 , 254, 258, 260, 262,
290Nobatia, 42Nok culture, 34, 67non-governmental organisations, 299, 300,
313North African Star, 238Northern People’s Congress, 243Northern Rhodesia, see ZambiaNorthern Rhodesian Congress, 244Nouakchott, 295Nsaka de Casanze, 151Nsibidi script, 94Nsukka, 34Ntsikana, 184Ntusi, 110, 121Nuba, 205Nubia
Christianity, 41 –2, 56Islam, 55–6language, 42prehistory, 21 , 24, 26–9
Numidians, 30, 31 , 38Nupe, 80, 83 , 86, 87, 93 , 146, 175Nyabingi cult, 191 , 202Nyakyusa, 119Nyamwezi, 108, 187, 188, 239Nyasaland, see MalawiNyasaland African Congress, 244Nyau society, 124, 180, 227, 236, 259Nyerere, J. K., 257, 262, 270, 271 , 292, 300Nyoro, see BunyoroNzakara, 81
Obasanjo, O., 302Obaseki, 206Ode Ondo, 157Odwira festival, 151Office du Niger, 222Ogooue River, 16oil, 261 , 263 , 264, 269, 285 , 292oil-palm, 15 , 16, 34, 66, 106Okavango River, 113olives, 31Olokun cult, 91 , 151Omdurman, Battle of, 197, 199Onitsha, 232Opobo, 156Orange Free State, 182, 283Order of Christ, 152Organisation of African Unity, 271 , 309Origen, 37Orlando, 277Oromo, 171Osama bin Laden, 304Osei Kwadwo, 147Osei Tutu, 147Osiele, 154Ottomans, 47, 77, 164–70Ovambo, 157, 184, 197, 226Overtoun Institution, 230Ovimbundu, 149, 157Owo, 80Oyo, 76, 80, 86, 91 , 145–6, 147, 148, 156, 174,
175 , 208
Pachomius, 37Padhola, 109palm oil, 154, 156, 210Pan-African Congress, 283pan-Africanism, 241partition, 193–9pass laws, 280pastoralism, see cattlepawnship, 214Pedi, 180, 183 , 186, 200, 201Pende, 108pentecostalism, see ChristianityPeople’s Democratic Party, 302Perpetua, 38Phiri clan, 107, 124Phoenicians, 30–1 , 34Piankhy, 28
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
360 Index
pilgrimage, 53 , 55 , 92, 94, 178plague, see Black Death, diseaseploughs, 58, 185 , 223 , 266, 274polygyny, see family structurePonty, W., 206, 209population
and AIDS, 311 , 313and Atlantic slave trade, 131 , 133 , 139,
141 –3 , 150, 158birthrates, 249–50, 252–3 , 284, 310causes of rapid growth, 248–50, 251 –3deathrates, 249, 251 –2, 284early colonial crisis, 215–28, 248in East and southern Africa, 113 ,
117–18, 179, 180, 181 , 185 , 190,191 –2, 218, 248, 258, 273 , 283 ,292, 309, 310
and economic development, 83 , 261in Egypt, 20, 45 , 166, 169, 248, 249, 264,
309in Ethiopia, 58, 249fears of overpopulation, 248, 250fertility decline, 284, 309–10in general, 1 –5 , 192, 193 , 219life expectancy, 251 , 294in North Africa, 37, 47–9, 166–8, 218,
248, 309in Nubia, 26, 28postcolonial growth, 251 –3 , 309–10and political development, 71 –2, 164in West Africa, 68–71 , 131 , 177, 217, 218,
248see also contraception, disease
Poro society, 78, 88, 91 , 93 , 236, 259Port Elizabeth, 278Portuguese
in eastern Africa, 55 , 113 , 186, 197in Ethiopia, 62, 159in southern Africa, 117, 159, 274in West Africa, 80, 131 –6, 145 , 149, 151 ,
152, 158, 197see also decolonisation
postcolonial governmentadministration, 269, 270and AIDS, 313and civil society, 271 , 299, 300, 302democracy, 267–8, 269, 271 , 301 , 302,
309democratisation, 299, 305 , 307
dominant-party states, 302national conferences, 299, 300, 301one-party states, 270, 299, 300patrimonialism, 269and traditional rulers, 271
potteryand Bantu, 16, 34, 35dotted wavy-line, 13 , 14, 15in East Africa, 34, 35 , 54, 110, 122in Nubia, 26, 28origins, 13in southern Africa, 35 , 101 , 103
poverty, 89, 95 , 124, 160, 226, 262, 265 , 275 ,276, 292, 295 , 298, 310, 313
Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers, 293prazos, 105 , 120Presbyterians, 183press, 162, 231 , 302privatisation, 288, 291 , 292, 293Ptolemies, 25 , 28Purified National Party, 279Pygmies, 9, 10, 67, 88pyramids, 19, 26, 28
Qadiriyya brotherhood, 92, 172, 174, 176,209, 236
Qwaqwa, 283
racialism, 129, 182, 186, 274, 277, 282railways
in Egypt, 169in Ethiopia, 171in South Africa, 185 , 276in tropical Africa, 209, 210, 211 –13
Rakai, 311Rameses III, 24Rameses IX, 24Rand Revolt, 277Rassemblement Democratique Africain,
243 , 255Rawlings, J., 290Raymond, A., 166rebellion
against colonial rule, 201 –2, 203in Ethiopia, 59
Reconstruction and DevelopmentProgramme, 291
Reformed Tijaniyya brotherhood, 236Rekhmire, 21
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
Index 361
religion (indigenous)in ancient Egypt, 22–4, 26and Atlantic slave trade, 151 –2and colonial rule, 236–7in East Africa, 112, 124–6, 191eclecticism, 60, 89, 93–4, 125 , 159, 161 ,
233–4, 236, 296in Ethiopia, 29, 60in North Africa, 31 , 32in Nubia, 27, 28and rebellion, 202in southern Africa, 105 , 124–6, 180
Renamo, 268resistance to conquest, 199–201Revival Movement, 235Rhapta, 53Rharhabe, 130Rhodes, C., 186, 197, 198, 200Rhodesia, see ZimbabweRichards, A., 243Rif, 197rinderpest, see diseaserock art
in North Africa, 13 , 26in southern Africa, 10, 118, 124, 127
Romein Egypt, 25 , 28in North Africa, 31 –3 , 38–40
Rothschilds, 186Royal African Company, 135 , 136Rozvi, 106, 120rubber, 154, 210, 224rugaruga, 188Rundi, see BurundiRusswurm, J., 162Rwanda, 111 , 113 , 114, 116, 117, 121 , 122, 126,
190, 191 , 192, 208, 216, 233 , 239, 258,298, 301 , 305 , 306, 307–8, 309
Rwanda Patriotic Front, 307, 308
sacrifice, human, 27, 91 , 94, 151 , 157Sadat, A., 292Sadiki Academy, 230Saharan prehistory, 12–14Sahelanthropus tchadensis, 6Saifawa dynasty, 74Saint-Louis, 161Sakpata, 143Saladin, 45 , 47, 56
Salafiyya, 170, 236, 238Salazar, A., 241salt, 52, 57, 77, 84, 177Salvation Army, 232, 233Samori, 157, 196, 199, 213San, 9, 10, 116, 117, 124, 126–7, 130, 181Sande society, 78Sanga, 106, 119, 122, 125 , 188Sango cult, 91Sanhaja, 46, 47Sanusi brotherhood, 238Sao Salvador, 145 , 158; see also Mbanza
KongoSao Tome, 134, 158Saro, 160, 161 , 162Sayyid Qutb, 303Schroda, 103sculpture
Benin, 80, 98, 151Hemba, 120Ife, 67, 79, 98Kuba, 82Lega, 81Niger Valley, 76Nok, 34, 67, 98Senufo, 88Tellem, 64, 91
Second World War, 221 , 228, 242, 247, 279,281
segregation, racial, 185 , 227, 279, 281 , 282Segu, 145 , 173 , 178, 179, 199, 206Sekhukhuni, 200, 201Semliki River, 9Sena, 105Senegal, 154, 161 , 162, 163 , 193 , 209, 213 , 241 ,
243 , 255 , 259, 271 , 309, 313Senghor, L., 243 , 255 , 292Sennar, 170Senufo, 88Serer, 71 , 72, 73 , 144Shaka, 179Shambaa, 109, 112, 116, 121 , 122, 188Shanga, 53 , 55Sharpeville, 283sheep, 13 , 127, 182, 183Shembe, I., 235Sherbro, 163Shilluk, 109, 170Shoa, 57, 58, 60, 61 , 171
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
362 Index
Shona, 54, 103–6, 119, 121 , 123 , 124, 180, 200,202, 212, 256
Shum Laka, 15Shyaam, 82, 90, 99Sierra Leone, 161 , 163 , 196, 243 , 255 , 259,
306Sierra Leone Hut Tax War, 203 , 236Sijilmasa, 51 , 52slave trade
abolition of Atlantic trade, 152–8, 163abolition in South Africa, 181Atlantic, 131 –63 , 173and demography, 141 –3 , 150East African, 54, 121 , 187–8, 192Ethiopian, 57Nilotic, 27, 28, 56, 170resistance, 139–40, 151Saharan, 30, 32, 45 , 50, 52, 74, 77–8, 133 ,
136, 140slavery
in Central Africa, 105 , 116, 120–1in East Africa, 55 , 120–1 , 128, 187, 191in Egypt, 22, 25 , 45 , 56, 169, 170emancipation, 181 , 213–14in North Africa, 31 , 45 , 166, 167slave revolt, 129, 151 , 156, 157in South Africa, 128–9, 176, 181in West Africa, 73 , 75 , 77–8, 82, 84, 97,
131 –58, 176–7sleeping sickness, see disease:
trypanosomiasissmallpox, see diseaseSmuts, J. C., 276, 279, 281Soba, 42socialism, 262, 266, 290, 291Societe Generale, 198Sofala, 54, 104, 105Soga, 115 , 118, 191Sokoto Caliphate, 174–7, 196, 200, 207,
270Solomonic dynasty, 57Somali, 57, 61 , 116, 201Somalia, 197, 238, 253 , 306Songhay, 51 , 63 , 73–4, 76, 77, 78, 80, 91 , 93 ,
94, 173Soninke, 51 , 52, 85 , 137, 144Sonni Ali Ber, 73 , 76Sophiatown, 277, 280, 282sorcery, see witchcraft
sorghum, 14, 16, 28, 34, 35 , 45 , 64, 112, 176,222
Soshangane, 180Sotho, 101 , 180, 182, 185 , 201 , 240, 259, 274South Africa
AIDS, 312, 314ANC rule, 302industrialisation, 276–7, 283 , 284–5 ,
291 –2labour, 274, 276, 277, 283 , 285 , 295land, 274, 291nationalism, 278–87population, 273 , 283 , 284segregation, 279, 281transition to majority rule, 286, 287, 302urbanisation, 277, 281 , 284, 295unification, 279white politics, 276, 278–80, 286see also Afrikaner people, apartheid,
Cape ColonySouth Africa Party, 279South African Native Congress, 280South-West Africa, see NamibiaSouthern Rhodesia, see ZimbabweSoutpansberg, 101Soweto, 277, 282, 284Soweto uprising, 285Soyinka, W., 232Soyo, 145 , 159spirit possession, see religionstateless societies
and Atlantic slave trade, 136, 143in East Africa, 109, 191and education, 230and European conquest, 197, 201 , 202in North Africa, 30, 40, 166in southern Africa, 103in West Africa, 50, 71 –2, 78–9, 81 , 95
status reversal, 298, 300Stellenbosch, 129Stevens, S., 292stigmatisation, 86, 122, 221 , 313strikes, 22, 227, 257, 277, 278, 285 , 291 , 292,
299structural adjustment, 288–93 , 298, 313Sudan, 170–1 , 196, 213 , 241 , 253 , 268, 304;
see also NubiaSuez Canal, 169, 237Sufetula, 43
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
Index 363
Sukuma, 108Sunjata Keita, 52, 72–3 , 76, 99Swahili language, 54, 55 , 187, 190, 241 , 256Swazi, 180, 226symbolic behaviour, 10Syndicat Agricole Africain, 243syphilis, see disease
Tadmekka, 52Taforalt, 10Taharqa, 28Tahert, 44, 51 , 52Takla Haymanot, Saint, 57, 58, 60, 159Takrur, 51 , 53 , 73Talibans, 295Tallensi, 97Tanganyika, see TanzaniaTanganyika African National Union, 244,
256, 257Tangier, 44Tanit, 31 , 32Tanzania, 196, 212, 241 , 244, 256, 262, 300;
see also ZanzibarTaruga, 34tax
colonial, 203 , 209, 214, 228, 274in Egypt, 19, 48, 168in Ethiopia, 59in North Africa, 31 , 167, 172postcolonial, 290in West Africa, 162, 176
Tellem, 63 , 91Tete, 114Tewodros, 171textiles, see clothThaba Bosiu, 181Thembu Church, 235Thonga, 117, 125 , 180Tibesti, 30Tigray, 60, 171 , 306Tijaniyya brotherhood, 178Timbuktu, 49, 69, 73 , 74, 87, 94, 95 , 96, 173 ,
174, 176, 177, 178, 196, 198, 211Tio, 146, 195Tirailleurs Senegalais, 199Tiv, 78, 223Tiyo Soga, 184Tlemcen, 43 , 47, 52tobacco, 212, 222, 225 , 292
Togo, 195 , 299Tondibi, Battle of, 74Tonga (Zambia), 223torture, 283Torwa dynasty, 105 , 106Toutswe, 101towns, see urbanisationTownship Revolt, 285 , 286trade
in Central Africa, 103–5 , 106, 107, 122in colonial period, 221in East Africa, 53–5 , 110, 122, 186–8, 191in Ethiopia, 41 , 57impact of railways, 211markets, 83 , 122, 191 , 221and nationalism, 257in North Africa, 30, 31 , 45 , 46, 48and partition, 198postcolonial, 261in South Africa, 179, 183trading diasporas, 85 , 177in West Africa, 49–53 , 75 , 76, 83–5 , 97,
147, 161 , 162, 177, 224see also gold, slave trade
trade unions, 227, 255 , 257, 271 , 277, 278,286, 291 , 298, 300
Transkei, 274, 281transport
in East and southern Africa, 122, 130, 187in Ethiopia, 58in general, 193motor transport, 219, 222, 229, 247, 261in West Africa, 83 , 177see also railways
Transvaal, 182, 185 , 197, 273Treatment Action Campaign, 314tribalism, see ethnicityTripoli, 164, 172, 174, 177, 211True Whig Party, 163trypanosomiasis, see diseasetsetse, see disease: trypanosomiasisTshawe family, 103Tsoede, 80Tswana, 101 , 116, 117, 119, 121 , 122, 125 , 127,
180, 183 , 184; see also BotswanaTuareg, 63 , 73 , 74, 84, 92, 173 , 202, 211tuberculosis, see diseaseTubu, 30Tukulor, 178, 196, 199, 206
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
364 Index
Tunis, 164, 221Tunisia
disease, 167economy, 166, 167, 292European settlement, 212, 224French rule, 173 , 195fundamentalism, 304independence, 254modernisation, 172nationalism, 238population, 166, 172see also Ifriqiya
Tuthmosis III, 27Tutsi, 111 , 190, 208, 233 , 239, 258, 298,
307–8Tyamzashe, G., 183typhus, see disease
uburetwa, 190Uganda, 196, 213 , 244, 256, 271 , 290–1 , 296,
300, 306, 313; see also Buganda,Bunyoro
Uganda African Farmers’ Union, 244Uganda Agreement, 206, 207Uganda Martyrs, 189Uganda National Congress, 244Uganda People’s Congress, 256ujamaa, 262Ukba ibn Nafi, 43 , 50Umar Tal, al-Hajj, 178Umayyad Caliphate, 44, 52Undi, 107unemployment, see labourUnion Mechanics’ Association, 227Union Miniere, 228, 271United Africa Company, 221United Gold Coast Convention, 243United National Independence Party, 256United Party (South Africa), 279, 281universities, see educationUpemba Depression, 106, 118urbanisation
and AIDS, 313in East Africa, 100, 121 –2Europeans, 225 , 276and nationalism, 257in North Africa, 304popular protest, 298, 299postcolonial, 262, 292, 295
in southern Africa, 100, 104, 121 –2, 277,281 , 282, 284, 295
in West Africa, 49, 76, 79, 87–8, 177Urewe ware, 34, 35Usuman dan Fodio, 174–6
Vai, 72Vandals, 33 , 40Vansina, J., 66Venda, 106venereal diseases, see diseaseVereeniging, Peace of, 278Vili, 137, 146Visram, A., 211Voortrekker Centenary, 279Vorster, B. J., 283
Waalo, 73 , 144Wafd, 237Wagadugu, 81 , 173Walata, 52Wargla, 52Watchtower Movement, 235 , 248Wesleyans, 183West African Pilot, 232West African Students Union, 241Western Sahara, 197wheat, see agricultureWhite Fathers, 189, 233Whydah, 80, 148Wilson, J. M., 162witchcraft
and Atlantic slave trade, 137demonology, 297in East and southern Africa, 125 ,
191eradication movements, 234, 237ordeals, 92, 125 , 151 , 191 , 237postcolonial, 297in West Africa, 92
Witwatersrand, 186, 273 , 278, 280, 282Wollo, 57Wolof, 73 , 76, 78, 87, 133 , 134, 144, 150, 163 ,
209, 272women, see family structureWomen’s War (1929), 157, 208wood-carving, see sculptureWorld Bank, 288, 293World Health Organisation, 313
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
Index 365
Xhosa, 103 , 113 , 114, 119, 121 , 125 , 127, 130,181 , 182, 183–5 , 186, 281
Y chromosome, 9, 111Yaji, 76Yaka, 108Yakubu (of Bauchi), 175yams, 15 , 16, 66, 112Yao, 187, 188, 190, 200, 236Yasin, Abd al-Salam, 304, 305Yatenga, 81 , 97Yeha, 29Yikunno Amlak, 57, 59Yohannes IV, 171Yoruba, 66, 75 , 76, 80, 86, 87, 88, 91 , 93 , 96,
136, 145 , 150, 153 , 154, 156, 157, 159, 160,161 , 162, 163 , 196, 200, 210, 235 , 258, 302
Young Algerians, 238Young Kavirondo Association, 240Young Kikuyu Association, 240Young Tunisians, 238youth, see generational relationshipsYouth League (Southern Rhodesia), 244
Zaghawa, 50Zaghlul, Saad, 237Zagwe dynasty, 57Zambia, 197, 212, 244, 256, 261 , 292, 300,
312Zanata, 46, 47Zanzibar, 128, 187, 213 , 244, 256, 259, 305Zanzibar Nationalist Party, 244, 256zar cult, 61Zara Yaqob, 61Zaria, 93 , 175 , 177, 200Zawila, 50, 51Zayyanid dynasty, 47Zeila, 57Zimba, 107Zimbabwe
Great Zimbabwe, 104–5 , 121 , 122modern Zimbabwe, 197, 198, 212, 224,
244, 256, 259, 292, 301 , 314Zion Christian Church, 235 , 296Zionist churches, 235 , 280Zirid dynasty, 45 , 51Zulu, 118, 179–80, 182, 184, 186, 203
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86438-1 - Africans: The History of a Continent, Second EditionJohn IliffeIndexMore information
top related