human physiology homeostasis & feedback systems chemistry review ch. 1

Human Physiology

Homeostasis & feedback systemsChemistry Review

Ch. 1

Homeostasis

If the blood concentration of sodium deviates below normal (normal range: 135-145 mEq/L), a typical response expected would be a(an)______ in sodium concentration.

ANSWER

Homeostasis

If the blood concentration of sodium deviates below normal (normal range: 135-145 mEq/L), a typical response expected would be a(an) increase in sodium concentration.

Homeostasis

The increasingly forceful uterine contractions during childbirth are an example of _____.

ANSWER

Homeostasis

The increasingly forceful uterine contractions during childbirth are an example of positive.

Homeostasis Shiv is at a football game on a very cold night and begins to shiver. Mark the letter(s) which indicate(s) when he began shivering ___. This graph is an example of ______ feedback.

ANSWER

Homeostasis Shiv is at a football game on a very cold night and begins to shiver. Mark the letter(s) which indicate(s) when he began shivering AB This graph is an example of negative feedback.

Homeostasis

Choose the term that best describes the following: “the internal environment is never absolutely constant…conditions are stabilized above and below the set point”.A. Negative feedback.B. Positive feedback.C. Dynamic constancy.D. Equilibrium.

ANSWER

Homeostasis

Choose the term that best describes the following: “the internal environment is never absolutely constant…conditions are stabilized above and below the set point”.A. Negative feedback.B. Positive feedback.C. Dynamic constancy.D. Equilibrium.

Homeostasis

Assuming a normal range of a physiological condition above, mark the letter which represents the activation of a sensor __ and mark the letter that represents the activation of an effector __.

ANSWER

Homeostasis

Assuming a normal range of a physiological condition above, mark the letter which represents the activation of a sensor A and mark the letter that represents the activation of an effector B.

Organs and Organ Systems

Regulation of blood volume and composition is part of the _________ system.

ANSWER

Organs and Organ Systems

Regulation of blood volume and composition is part of the urinary system.

Organs and Organ Systems

Thermoregulation is a function of all of the following systems except theA. integumentary system.B. skeletal system.C. muscular system.D. nervous system.

ANSWER

Organs and Organ Systems

Thermoregulation is a function of all of the following systems except theA. integumentary system.B. skeletal system.C. muscular system.D. nervous system.

Organs and Systems

Arrange the following from the simplest to the most complex order: a. Cells b. Organs c. Tissues d. Organ systems e. MoleculesCorrect order: __ →__ → __ → __ → __.

ANSWER

Organs and Systems

Arrange the following from the simplest to the most complex order: a. Cells b. Organs c. Tissues d. Organ systems e. MoleculesCorrect order: e →a → c → b → d.

Organs and Systems

Graying of hair with age is caused by the loss of __________ stem cells.

ANSWER

Organs and Systems

Graying of hair with age is caused by the loss of melanocyte stem cells.

Organs and SystemsDamage to a specific neuron in the brain could control a vital function such as breathing. This example suggests that A. all neurons are involved in controlling breathing.B. different levels of organizations are interdependent. C. any cell can affect any function.D. the neuron’s function is to regulate breathing only.

ANSWER

Damage to a specific neuron in the brain could control a vital function such as breathing. This example suggests that A. all neurons are involved in controlling breathing.B. different levels of organizations are interdependent. C. any cell can affect any function.D. the neuron’s function is to regulate breathing only.

Organs and Systems

Body-Fluid Compartments

About 65% of the total body water is in the a. intracellular compartmentb. plasmac. interstitial fluidd. extracellular fluid

ANSWER

Body-Fluid Compartments

About 65% of the total body water is in the a. intracellular compartmentb. plasmac. interstitial fluidd. extracellular fluid

Body-Fluid Compartments

Extracellular fluidA. consists of the interstitial fluid and plasma.B. is part of the cytoplasm and surrounds the organelles.C. makes up about two-thirds of the body fluids.

ANSWER

Body-Fluid Compartments

Extracellular fluidA. consists of the interstitial fluid and plasma.B. is part of the cytoplasm and surrounds the organelles.C. makes up about two-thirds of the body fluids.

Body-Fluid Compartments

The connective tissue matrix is part of theA. intracellular fluid.B. extracellular fluid.C. plasma.

ANSWER

Body-Fluid Compartments

The connective tissue matrix is part of theA. intracellular fluid.B. extracellular fluid.C. plasma.

Body-Fluid Compartments The endocrine glands release their secretionsA. into their own ducts.B. into plasma.C. into intracellular fluid.D. on the surface of their epithelial membranes.

ANSWER

The endocrine glands release their secretionsA. into their own ducts.B. into plasma.C. into intracellular fluid.D. on the surface of their epithelial membranes.

Body-Fluid Compartments

Body-Fluid Compartments

Internal environment refers to A. plasma.B. intracellular fluid.C. interstitial fluid.D. extracellular fluid.

ANSWER

Body-Fluid Compartments

Internal environment refers to A. plasma.B. intracellular fluid.C. interstitial fluid.D. extracellular fluid.

pH

Blood pH remains constant despite the release of acids due to the A. presence of large amount of water.B. buffering action of bicarbonate.C. presence of NaOH, a strong base.D. acid being diverted to kidneys.

ANSWER

Blood pH remains constant despite the release of acids due to the A. presence of large amount of water.B. buffering action of bicarbonate.C. presence of NaOH, a strong base.D. acid being diverted to kidneys.

pH

Solution A has a pH of 7.46 and solution B has a pH of 7.32. Which of the following situation is true?A. Solution A is more acidic than solution BB. Solution B is more alkaline than solution AC. Solution A contains a higher concentration of H + ions than solution B.D. Solution B contains a higher concentration of H + ions than solution A.

ANSWER

pH

Solution A has a pH of 7.46 and solution B has a pH of 7.32. Which of the following situation is true?A. Solution A is more acidic than solution BB. Solution B is more alkaline than solution AC. Solution A contains a higher concentration of H + ions than solution B.D. Solution B contains a higher concentration of H + ions than solution A.

pH

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates A. serve as a major structural component of cells.B. form enzymes.C. serve as body’s important source of energy.D. protect and support delicate structures.

ANSWER

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates A. serve as a major structural component of cells.B. form enzymes.C. serve as body’s important source of energy.D. protect and support delicate structures.

Carbohydrates

Humans store monosaccharides in the form of a polysaccharide called ______.

ANSWER

Carbohydrates

Humans store monosaccharides in the form of a polysaccharide called glycogen.

Carbohydrates

A dehydration synthesis between glucose and fructose results in _______.

ANSWER

Carbohydrates

A dehydration synthesis between glucose and fructose results in sucrose.

Lipids

A rapid breakdown of fat such as during low carbohydrate diet and in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus results in a condition called _____. If it leads to acidic pH, the condition is called __________.

ANSWER

Lipids

A rapid breakdown of fat such as during low carbohydrate diet and in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus results in a condition called ketosis. If it leads to acidic pH, the condition is called ketoacidosis.

Lipids

__________ are a family of regulatory compounds derived from a membrane lipid known as arachidonic acid.

ANSWER

Lipids

Prostaglandins are a family of regulatory compounds derived from a membrane lipid known as arachidonic acid.

Lipids

An anorexic 18-year old is suffering from amenorrhea, the absence of menstrual cycles along with many other clinical symptoms. Her lab results show a very low blood estrogen and progesterone levels. Her lipid profile shows that she has decreased levels of _________.

ANSWER

Lipids

An anorexic 18-year old is suffering from amenorrhea, the absence of menstrual cycles along with many other clinical symptoms. Her lab results show a very low blood estrogen and progesterone levels. Her lipid profile shows that she has decreased levels of cholesterol.

Nucleic Acids

A nucleotide is made of _______, _________ and __________.

ANSWER

Nucleic Acids

A nucleotide is made of sugar, phosphate and a nitrogen.

Nucleic Acids

Complementary base pairing requires a ________ bond.

ANSWER

Nucleic Acids

Complementary base pairing requires a hydrogen bond.

Nucleic Acids

The four elements that make up the nucleic acids are _________, ________, ________ and ________.

ANSWER

Nucleic Acids

The four elements that make up the nucleic acids are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

Nucleic Acids

All of the following are true regarding DNA and RNA except that bothA. contain pentose sugars.B. contain purines and pyrimidines.C. have adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine.D. have phosphate groups.

ANSWER

Nucleic Acids

All of the following are true regarding DNA and RNA except that bothA. contain pentose sugars.B. contain purines and pyrimidines.C. have adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine.D. have phosphate groups.