hcn poisoning

SARAVANAN.GBVN 11060

HCN POISONING

SOURCESHCN content is high in plant&

ingest large amounts in short timeAccidental ingestion of KCN Malicious

CYNOGENIC PLANTS

Nearly 120 plantsCommon-Acacia leucophloea, Lotus,

Sorghum Vulgaris, Nerium oleander, Zea mays, Sugarcane leaves,Tapioca

Plant containing >20mg of HCN/100 gm is toxic

Acacia leucophloea

Lotus sp

Sorghum vulgaris

Nerium oleander

Zea mays

Sugarcane leaves

Tapioca leaves

SPECIESCattle and Buffaloes – commonMonogastric animals – Resistance

due to destruction of glycoside by gastric acidity

FACTORSStage of growth of plantsClimatic ConditionsSoil compositionUse of fertilizers and weedicidesProcessing of material

Cynogenic GlycosidesLinseed meal – LinamarinLotus - Lotaustralin or

LotusinSorghum - DhurrinBitter almonds- Amygdalin

CAUSE OF DEATH Death is due to Cytotoxic Anoxia

not due to Histotoxic hypoxia as thought earlier

CLINICAL EVIDENCEPer acute case – Death with in 10

minsMost of the cases are untreatedIf the animal consumes large quantities

of plant it dies within few minutes.

ACUTE CASE Excitement, Staggering, Muscle tremor, Dyspnea, hyperaesthesia, Hypersalivation, Bright red mucosa, Dilatation of pupil, Nystagmus, Convulsion Bloat

CHRONIC CASE

Sometimes observed in Horses and Cattle.

Urinary incontinence, Loss of hair are the clinical signs but not proved

PM LESIONSHaemorrhages Unclotted blood and Bright red

colourBitter almond smell – stomachLab analysis of Stomach, Liver,

Muscles reveals presence of HCN

DIAGNOSIS History and Clininal SignsPicric acid paper test

PICRIC ACID PAPER TEST FORMATION OF PICRIC ACID PAPER Add 5gm sodium carbonate & 0.5gm picric

acid in 100 ml distilled water. Cut the filter paper in required size Immerse the filter paper in above solution

for 1 hr an then dry it

PROCEDURETake 1 ml of test solution in a test

tube & add water and chloroformHang the filter paper above the test

tube and heat the test tubeAfter 3 to 4 min If the colour of the

paper changes from yellow to brown or orange it indicates positive reaction

DDNitrate/Nitrite poisoningNacl poisoningCO2 poisoningCO poisoning

TREATMENT

PER KG BODY WT

Sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3)- 660 mg

Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) -20 mgSafest drug : Sodium thiosulphate

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