grassland grassland
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Grassland 2
An Inner Mongolian grassland in the People's
Republic of China
Climate
Grasslands often occur in areas with annual precipitation between
600 mm (24 in) and 1,500 mm (59 in) and average mean annual
temperatures ranges from 5 and 20 C (Woodward et al. 2004).
However, some grasslands occur in colder(-20C) and hotter(30C)
climatic conditions.[3] Grassland can exist in habitats that are
frequently disturbed by grazing or fire, as such disturbance prevents
the encroachment of woody species. Species richness is particularly
high in grasslands of low soil fertility such as serpentine barrens and
calcareous grasslands. Infertility may also prevent woody
encroachment as low nutrient levels in the soil may inhibit the growth
of forest and shrub species.most plants from growing. Temperate grasslands occur in temperate climates typified by
distinct seasonality (warm summers and cold winters).
Biodiversity and conservation
Grasslands dominated by unsown wild-plant communities ("unimproved grasslands") can be called either natural or
'semi-natural' habitats. The majority of grasslands in temperate climates are 'semi-natural'. Although their plant
communities are natural, their maintenance depends upon anthropogenic activities such as low-intensity farming,
which maintains these grasslands through grazing and cutting regimes. These grasslands contain many species of
wild plants grasses, sedges, rushes and herbs 25 or more speerican prairie grasslands or lowland wildflower
meadows in the UK are now rare and their associated wild flora equally threatened. Associated with the wild-plant
diversity of the "unimproved" grasslands is usually a rich invertebrate fauna; also there are many species of birds that
are grassland "specialists", such as the snipe and the Great Bustard. Agriculturally improved grasslands, which
dominate modern intensive agricultural landscapes, are usually poor in wild plant species due to the original
diversity of plants having been destroyed by cultivation, the original wild-plant communities having been replaced
by sown monocultures of cultivated varieties of grasses and clovers, such as Perennial ryegrass and White Clover. In
many parts of the world "unimproved" grasslands are one of the least threatened habitats, and a target for acquisition
by wildlife conservation groups or for special grants to landowners who are encouraged to manage them
appropriately.
Human impact and economic importance
Grassland in Cantabria, northern Spain.
Grasslands are of vital importance for raising livestock for humanconsumption and for milk and other dairy products.
Grassland vegetation remains dominant in a particular area usually due
to grazing, cutting, or natural or manmade fires, all discouraging
colonisation by and survival of tree and shrub seedlings. Some of the
world's largest expanses of grassland are found in African savanna, and
these are maintained by wild herbivores as well as by nomadic
pastoralists and their cattle, sheep or goats.
Grasslands may occur naturally or as the result of human activity.
Grasslands created and maintained by human activity are called
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cattlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pastoralismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbivorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seedlinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grazinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dairy_productshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Livestockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3APrau.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cantabriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_Cloverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perennial_ryegrasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Bustardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Snipehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calcareoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serpentine_barrenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AGrasslands-menggu.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia -
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Grassland 3
A restored grassland ecosystem at Morton
Arboretum in Illinois.
anthropogenic grasslands. Hunting peoples around the world often
set regular fires to maintain and extend grasslands, and prevent
fire-intolerant trees and shrubs from taking hold. The tallgrass prairies
in the US Midwest may have been extended eastward into Illinois,
Indiana, and Ohio by human agency. Much grassland in northwest
Europe developed after the Neolithic Period, when people graduallycleared the forest to create areas for raising their livestock.
Types ( biomes )
Tropical and subtropical
These grasslands are classified with tropical and subtropical savannas and shrublands as the tropical and subtropical
grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome. Notable tropical and subtropical grasslands include the Llanos
grasslands of northern South America.
Temperate
Mid-latitude grasslands, including the Prairie and Pacific Grasslands of North America, the Pampas of Argentina,
Brazil and Uruguay, calcareous downland, and the steppes of Europe. They are classified with temperate savannas
and shrublands as the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome. Temperate grasslands are the home to
many large herbivores, such as bison, gazelles, zebras, rhinoceroses, and wild horses. Carnivores like lions, wolves
and cheetahs and leopards are also found in temperate grasslands. Other animals of this region include: deer, prairie
dogs, mice, jack rabbits, skunks, coyotes, snakes, fox, owls, badgers, blackbirds (both Old and New World varieties),
grasshoppers, meadowlarks, sparrows, quails, hawks and hyenas.
Negri-Nepote Temperate Grasslands in New
Jersey
Flooded
Grasslands that are flooded seasonally or year-round, like the
Everglades of Florida, the Pantanal of Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay or
the Esteros del Ibera in Argentina.They are classified with flooded
savannas as the flooded grasslands and savannas biome and occur
mostly in the tropics and subtropics.
Watermeadows are grasslands that are deliberately flooded for short
periods.
Montane
High-altitude grasslands located on high mountain ranges around the world, like the Pramo of the Andes
Mountains. They are part of the montane grasslands and shrublands biome and also constitute tundra.
Tundra
Similar to montane grasslands, polar arctic tundra can have grasses, but high soil moisture means that few tundras
are grass-dominated today. However, during the Pleistocene ice ages, a polar grassland known as steppe-tundra
occupied large areas of the Northern hemisphere. These are in the tundra biome.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tundrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tundrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steppe-tundrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice_agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pleistocenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arctic_tundrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tundrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montane_grasslands_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andes_Mountainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andes_Mountainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A1ramohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mountain_rangeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Watermeadowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flooded_grasslands_and_savannashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Esteros_del_Iberahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boliviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pantanalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Floridahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evergladeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ANegri-Nepote_Temperate_Grasslands_in_New_Jersey.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sparrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meadowlarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grasshopperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_World_blackbirdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Common_Blackbirdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Badgerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Owlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Snakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coyotehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skunkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_rabbithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prairie_doghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prairie_doghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leopardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cheetahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wolfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carnivoreshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wild_horsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rhinoceroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zebrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gazellehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbivoreshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temperate_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Downlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pampashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California_native_plants%23Common_Grasses_of_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prairiehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Los_Llanos%2C_Venezuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shrublandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neolithic_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northwest_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northwest_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ohiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illinoishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US_Midwesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prairiehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AMorton_Arboretum_grassland.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illinoishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morton_Arboretumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morton_Arboretum -
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Grassland 4
Desert and xeric
Also called desert grasslands, this is composed of sparse grassland ecoregions located in the deserts and xeric
shrublands biome.
Fauna
Mites, insect larvae, nematodes and earthworms inhabit deep soil, which can reach 6 metres (20 ft) underground in
undisturbed grasslands on the richest soils of the world. These invertebrates, along with symbiotic fungi, extend the
root systems, break apart hard soil, enrich it with urea and other natural fertilizers, trap minerals and water and
promote growth. Some types of fungi make the plants more resistant to insect and microbial attacks.
Grassland in all its form supports a vast variety of mammals, reptiles, birds, and insects. Typical large mammals
include the Blue Wildebeest, American Bison, Giant Anteater and Przewalski's Horse.
While grasslands in general support diverse wildlife, given the lack of hiding places for predators, the African
savanna regions support a much greater diversity in wildlife than do temperate grasslands.[4]
There is evidence for grassland being much the product of animal behaviour and movement;[5] some examples
include migratory herds of antelope trampling vegetation and African Bush Elephants eating Acacia saplings beforethe plant has a chance to grow into a mature tree.
References
[1] University of California Museum of Paleontology Grasslands website (http://www.ucmp. berkeley. edu/exhibits/biomes/grasslands.php).
Ucmp.berkeley.edu. Retrieved on 2011-12-01.
[2] NASA Earth Observatory webpage (http://earthobservatory. nasa.gov/Laboratory/Biome/biograssland. html). Earthobservatory.nasa.gov.
Retrieved on 2011-12-01.
[3] EO Experiments: Grassland Biome (http://earthobservatory. nasa.gov/Laboratory/Biome/biograssland. html). Earthobservatory.nasa.gov.
Retrieved on 2011-12-01.
[4] University of California Santa Barbara Temperate Grasslands website (http://kids.nceas.ucsb.edu/biomes/grassland.html).
Kids.nceas.ucsb.edu. Retrieved on 2011-12-01.
[5] How can grazing heal land? (http://www.managingwholes. com/grazing-heals-land. htm). ManagingWholes.com. Retrieved on
2011-12-01.
Further reading
Courtwright, Julie.Prairie Fire: A Great Plains History (University Press of Kansas, 2011) 274 pp.
Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregions
The grassland Ecoregions of the Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublandsBiome are:
AfrotropicTemperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Al Hajar Al Gharbi montane woodlands Oman
Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands Amsterdam Island, Saint-Paul Island
Tristan da Cunha-Gough Islands shrub and grasslands Tristan da Cunha, Gough Island
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gough_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tristan_da_Cunhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tristan_da_Cunha-Gough_Islands_shrub_and_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amsterdam_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amsterdam_and_Saint-Paul_Islands_temperate_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Omanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al_Hajar_Al_Gharbi_montane_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temperate_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afrotropichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temperate_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ecoregionshttp://www.managingwholes.com/grazing-heals-land.htmhttp://kids.nceas.ucsb.edu/biomes/grassland.htmlhttp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Laboratory/Biome/biograssland.htmlhttp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Laboratory/Biome/biograssland.htmlhttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/grasslands.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acaciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=African_Bush_Elephanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Przewalski%27s_Horsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giant_Anteaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Bisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue_Wildebeesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ureahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fungihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earthwormhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nematodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Larvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deserts_and_xeric_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deserts_and_xeric_shrublands -
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Grassland 5
AustralasiaTemperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Canterbury-Otago tussock grasslands New Zealand
Eastern Australia mulga shrublands Australia
Southeast Australia temperate savanna Australia
NearcticTemperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
California Central Valley grasslands United States
Canadian aspen forests and parklands Canada, United States
Central and Southern mixed grasslands United States
Central forest-grasslands transition United States
Central tall grasslands United States
Columbia Plateau United States
Edwards Plateau savanna United States
Flint Hills tall grasslands United States
Montana valley and foothill grasslands United States
Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands United States
Northern mixed grasslands Canada, United States
Northern short grasslands Canada, United States
Northern tall grasslands Canada, United States
Palouse grasslands United States
Texas blackland prairies United States
Western short grasslands United States
NeotropicTemperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Argentine Espinal Argentina
Argentine Monte Argentina
Humid Pampas Argentina
Patagonian grasslands Argentina, Chile
Patagonian steppe Argentina, Chile
Semi-arid Pampas Argentina
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Semi-arid_Pampahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patagonian_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patagoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humid_Pampahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentine_Montehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentine_Espinalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temperate_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neotropichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Plains_%28United_States%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Texas_blackland_prairieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palouse_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_tall_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_short_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_mixed_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sandhills_%28Nebraska%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montana_valley_and_foothill_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flint_Hills_tall_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edwards_Plateauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Columbia_Plateau_%28ecoregion%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_tall_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_forest-grasslands_transitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_and_Southern_mixed_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_aspen_forests_and_parklandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California_Central_Valley_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temperate_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nearctichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Australia_temperate_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Australia_mulga_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Zealandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canterbury-Otago_tussock_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temperate_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australasia_ecozone -
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Grassland 6
PalearcticTemperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Altai steppe and semi-desert Kazakhstan
Central Anatolian steppe Turkey
Daurian forest steppe China, Mongolia, Russia
Eastern Anatolian montane steppe Armenia, Iran, Turkey
Emin Valley steppe China, Kazakhstan
Faroe Islands boreal grasslands Faroe Islands, Denmark
Gissaro-Alai open woodlands Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Kazakh forest steppe Kazakhstan, Russia
Kazakh steppe Kazakhstan, Russia
Kazakh upland Kazakhstan
Middle East steppe Iraq, Syria
Mongolian-Manchurian grassland China, Mongolia, Russia
Pontic steppe Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Ukraine
Sayan Intermontane steppe Russia
Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe Mongolia, Russia
South Siberian forest steppe Russia
Tian Shan foothill arid steppe China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregions
AfrotropicTropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Angolan Miombo woodlands Angola
Angolan Mopane woodlands Angola, Namibia
Ascension scrub and grasslands Ascension Island
Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia
East Sudanian savanna Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia
South Sudan, Sudan, Uganda
Eastern Miombo woodlands Mozambique, Tanzania
Guinean forest-savanna mosaic Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Nigeria,
Senegal, Togo
Itigi-Sumbu thicket Tanzania, Zambia
Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe
Mandara Plateau mosaic Cameroon, Nigeria
Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and
thickets
Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan, Uganda
Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda
Sahelian Acacia savanna Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, South
Sudan, Sudan
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senegalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigeriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mauritaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eritreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cameroonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burkina_Fasohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sahelian_Acacia_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_African_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cameroonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Congolian_forest-savanna_mosaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Acacia-Commiphora_bushlands_and_thicketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Acacia-Commiphora_bushlands_and_thicketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigeriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cameroonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandara_Plateau_mosaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namibiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botswanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalahari_Acacia-Baikiaea_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zambiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Itigi-Sumbu_thickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Togohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senegalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigeriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivory_Coasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guinea_Bissauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guineahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gambiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cameroonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burkina_Fasohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guinean_forest-savanna_mosaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mozambiquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Miombo_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eritreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_African_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cameroonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Sudanian_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zambiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burundihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Zambezian_Miombo_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ascension_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ascension_scrub_and_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namibiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolan_Mopane_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolan_Miombo_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afrotropichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyzstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tian_Shan_foothill_arid_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Siberian_forest_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mongoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selenge-Orkhon_forest_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sayan_Intermontane_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ukrainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moldovahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pontic_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mongoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mongolian-Manchurian_grasslandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Middle_East_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakh_uplandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakh_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakh_forest_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uzbekistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tajikistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyzstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gissaro-Alai_open_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faroe_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faroe_Islands_boreal_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emin_Valleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armeniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Anatolian_montane_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mongoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daurian_forest_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Anatolian_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Altai_steppe_and_semi-deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uzbekistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tajikistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alai-Western_Tian_Shan_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temperate_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palearctic -
8/13/2019 Grassland Grassland
7/9
Grassland 7
Serengeti Kenya, Tanzania
Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and
thickets
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia
Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and
thickets
Kenya, Tanzania
Southern Africa bushveld Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe
Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Southern Miombo woodlands Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Saint Helena scrub and woodlands Saint Helena
Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda
West Sudanian savanna Benin, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal
Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo
Western Zambezian grasslands Angola, Zambia
Zambezian and Mopane woodlands Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
AustralasiaTropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Arnhem Land tropical savanna Australia
Brigalow tropical savanna Australia
Cape York tropical savanna Australia
Carpentaria tropical savanna Australia
Einasleigh upland savanna Australia
Kimberly tropical savanna Australia
Mitchell grass downs Australia
Trans Fly savanna and grasslands Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Victoria Plains tropical savanna Australia
IndomalayaTropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands Bhutan, India, Nepal
NearcticTropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Pre-Columbian savannas of North America (greatly declined) Canada, United States
Eastern savannas of the United States (greatly declined) United States
Central Hardwood Region United States
Western Gulf coastal grasslands Mexico, United States
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Gulf_coastal_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Hardwood_Regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_savannas_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pre-Columbian_savannas_of_North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nearctichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhutanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terai-Duar_savanna_and_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indomalayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Plains_tropical_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Papua_New_Guineahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trans_Fly_savanna_and_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitchell_grass_downshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kimberly_tropical_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Einasleigh_upland_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carpentaria_tropical_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cape_York_tropical_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigalow_tropical_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arnhem_Land_tropical_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australasia_ecozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zambiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namibiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botswanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zambezian_Baikiaea_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zambiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swazilandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namibiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mozambiquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botswanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zambezian_and_Mopane_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zambiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Zambezian_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_the_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Congolian_forest-savanna_mosaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senegalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigeriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivory_Coasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guineahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gambiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burkina_Fasohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Sudanian_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rwandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burundihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Basin_forest-savanna_mosaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Helenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Helena_scrub_and_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zambiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mozambiquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Miombo_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Congolian_forest-savanna_mosaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botswanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Africa_bushveldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Acacia-Commiphora_bushlands_and_thicketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Acacia-Commiphora_bushlands_and_thicketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somaliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eritreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somali_Acacia-Commiphora_bushlands_and_thicketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somali_Acacia-Commiphora_bushlands_and_thicketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serengeti 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8/13/2019 Grassland Grassland
8/9
Grassland 8
NeotropicTropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Aripo Savannas Trinidad
Beni savanna Bolivia
Campos Rupestres montane savanna Brazil
Cerrado Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay
Clipperton Island shrub and grasslands Clipperton Island is an overseas territory of France
Crdoba montane savanna Argentina
Guyanan savanna Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela
Gran Chaco Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Los Llanos Venezuela, Colombia
Uruguayan savanna Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay
OceaniaTropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Hawaiian tropical high shrublands Hawaii
Hawaiian tropical low shrublands Hawaii
Northwestern Hawaii scrub Hawaii
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawaiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northwestern_Hawaii_scrubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawaiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_tropical_low_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawaiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_tropical_high_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oceania_ecozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguayan_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colombiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venezuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Los_Llanos%2C_Venezuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gran_Chacohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venezuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guyanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guyanan_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba_montane_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clipperton_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boliviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cerradohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campos_Rupestres_montane_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boliviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beni_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trinidadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aripo_Savannashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neotropic -
8/13/2019 Grassland Grassland
9/9
Article Sources and Contributors 9
Article Sources and ContributorsGrassland Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=570807459 Contributors: 1966batfan, 1brettsnyder, 28bytes, 5 albert square, A.J.A., A.M.962, Acalamari, Ace of Spades,
Adambro, Addihockey10, Addshore, Adeliine, AdjustShift, Aeonx, Afbibwei, Ahnafkutta, Ahoerstemeier, Aitias, Alai, Alanl, Alansohn, Alex.muller, Alexius08, AlexiusHoratius, Allstarecho,
Anaxial, Andycjp, Animum, AnnaFrance, Anonymous101, Antandrus, Anthere, Antonio Lopez, Antoniopolis, Arcandam, ArielGold, Arnavchaudhary, Arthena, Ascidian, Asddffggh, Atif.t2,
AuburnPilot, Avnjay, Avono, AzaToth, Aznman, BCgrasslands, Baa, Bassbonerocks, Bdavis976, Beatmania321, Bento00, BiRtHdAyGiRl141, Bibliomaniac15, Big Adamsky, Blanchardb,
Bobo192, Bogey97, Bongwarrior, BorgHunter, Boston, Brumski, Brunch vs. Breakfast, Buzybeez, CaSJer, Caltas, CanbekEsen, CapnPrep, Capricorn42, Captain-n00dle, Captain-tucker,
CardinalDan, CarinaT, Carnby, CarnivorousGnomeCatuse, Cazort, Ceranthor, Chamal N, Chaser, Chravens, Cjracer100, Closedmouth, Clubcourt123, Cmichael, Coasterlover1994, Coffee,
CommonsDelinker, ConCompS, Connormah, Coolio12345, Courcelles, Crash carry, CrazyChemGuy, CubBC, Cube lurker, Cxz111, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, DVD R W, Daniel Collins, Danilot,Darren23, Darth Stabro, Dawn Bard, Dawnseeker2000, DeadlyAssassin, Deejfroever, Dentren, Deor, DerHexer, Dgnkillr13, Diagonalfish, Discospinster, DotKuro, Download, Dpkh92,
Drakenwolf, Dreadstar, Drmies, Drpickem, Dsmithsmithy, Dudley Miles, Dwayne, Dysepsion, E Wing, E0steven, Eagleclaw6, Egmontaz, Elanthiel, Eliz81, Ellywa, EncycloPetey, Epbr123,
Ethel Aardvark, Excirial, Exert, Extransit, Ezhiki, FF2010, Falcon8765, Finalius, Firethrought, Flamingredapple, Flewis, Foxhoodie, Foxj, Fraggle81, Fram, Francs2000, Frekja, Frogs101, G.I
Bob, Garzo, Gdo01, Gene Nygaard, Geniac, Gilgamesh, Gilliam, Glane23, GoShow, Gob Lofa, Gogo Dodo, GorillaWarfare, Grahamm21kidd, Graminophile, Grutness, Gwen-chan, Gkhan, HJ
Mitchell, Hammersoft, Harlem Baker Hughes, Haywire, Headhoncho, HiDrNick, Hihimehappy, Historymike, Hmains, Hobartimus, Hohum, Hollyanya, Honyooboo, Horseluv10, Hu12, Hut 8.5,
Hydrogen Iodide, IW.HG, Ian Pitchford, Imboredxd, Imc, Immunize, IncognitoErgoSum, Inter16, Iridescent, Ispy1981, Itsmejudith, J.delanoy, JForget, JSpung, JaGa, Jab843, Jaxl, Jcw69,
Jds10912, Jeff G., Jeffness, Jeffrey Mall, Jellycar, Jennavecia, Jim1138, JimVC3, Jmlk17, Jncraton, John254, Jongleur100, Jumpingjellybeans, Jusdafax, JustAGal, Katherine, Kbdank71,
Kerotan, Khazar2, Kingpin13, KirinX, Knight579, Kralizec!, Krashlandon, L Kensington, L84scool, LarRan, Lavi142, Ldavid, LeaveSleaves, Legoktm, Lexi Marie, Lightmouse, Lisagetsana,
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