grassland grassland

8/13/2019 Grassland Grassland

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Grassland 2

An Inner Mongolian grassland in the People's

Republic of China

Climate

Grasslands often occur in areas with annual precipitation between

600 mm (24 in) and 1,500 mm (59 in) and average mean annual

temperatures ranges from 5 and 20 C (Woodward et al. 2004).

However, some grasslands occur in colder(-20C) and hotter(30C)

climatic conditions.[3] Grassland can exist in habitats that are

frequently disturbed by grazing or fire, as such disturbance prevents

the encroachment of woody species. Species richness is particularly

high in grasslands of low soil fertility such as serpentine barrens and

calcareous grasslands. Infertility may also prevent woody

encroachment as low nutrient levels in the soil may inhibit the growth

of forest and shrub species.most plants from growing. Temperate grasslands occur in temperate climates typified by

distinct seasonality (warm summers and cold winters).

Biodiversity and conservation

Grasslands dominated by unsown wild-plant communities ("unimproved grasslands") can be called either natural or

'semi-natural' habitats. The majority of grasslands in temperate climates are 'semi-natural'. Although their plant

communities are natural, their maintenance depends upon anthropogenic activities such as low-intensity farming,

which maintains these grasslands through grazing and cutting regimes. These grasslands contain many species of

wild plants grasses, sedges, rushes and herbs 25 or more speerican prairie grasslands or lowland wildflower

meadows in the UK are now rare and their associated wild flora equally threatened. Associated with the wild-plant

diversity of the "unimproved" grasslands is usually a rich invertebrate fauna; also there are many species of birds that

are grassland "specialists", such as the snipe and the Great Bustard. Agriculturally improved grasslands, which

dominate modern intensive agricultural landscapes, are usually poor in wild plant species due to the original

diversity of plants having been destroyed by cultivation, the original wild-plant communities having been replaced

by sown monocultures of cultivated varieties of grasses and clovers, such as Perennial ryegrass and White Clover. In

many parts of the world "unimproved" grasslands are one of the least threatened habitats, and a target for acquisition

by wildlife conservation groups or for special grants to landowners who are encouraged to manage them

appropriately.

Human impact and economic importance

Grassland in Cantabria, northern Spain.

Grasslands are of vital importance for raising livestock for humanconsumption and for milk and other dairy products.

Grassland vegetation remains dominant in a particular area usually due

to grazing, cutting, or natural or manmade fires, all discouraging

colonisation by and survival of tree and shrub seedlings. Some of the

world's largest expanses of grassland are found in African savanna, and

these are maintained by wild herbivores as well as by nomadic

pastoralists and their cattle, sheep or goats.

Grasslands may occur naturally or as the result of human activity.

Grasslands created and maintained by human activity are called
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cattlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pastoralismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbivorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seedlinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grazinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dairy_productshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Livestockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3APrau.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cantabriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_Cloverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perennial_ryegrasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Bustardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Snipehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calcareoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serpentine_barrenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AGrasslands-menggu.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia


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Grassland 3

A restored grassland ecosystem at Morton

Arboretum in Illinois.

anthropogenic grasslands. Hunting peoples around the world often

set regular fires to maintain and extend grasslands, and prevent

fire-intolerant trees and shrubs from taking hold. The tallgrass prairies

in the US Midwest may have been extended eastward into Illinois,

Indiana, and Ohio by human agency. Much grassland in northwest

Europe developed after the Neolithic Period, when people graduallycleared the forest to create areas for raising their livestock.

Types ( biomes )

Tropical and subtropical

These grasslands are classified with tropical and subtropical savannas and shrublands as the tropical and subtropical

grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome. Notable tropical and subtropical grasslands include the Llanos

grasslands of northern South America.

Temperate

Mid-latitude grasslands, including the Prairie and Pacific Grasslands of North America, the Pampas of Argentina,

Brazil and Uruguay, calcareous downland, and the steppes of Europe. They are classified with temperate savannas

and shrublands as the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome. Temperate grasslands are the home to

many large herbivores, such as bison, gazelles, zebras, rhinoceroses, and wild horses. Carnivores like lions, wolves

and cheetahs and leopards are also found in temperate grasslands. Other animals of this region include: deer, prairie

dogs, mice, jack rabbits, skunks, coyotes, snakes, fox, owls, badgers, blackbirds (both Old and New World varieties),

grasshoppers, meadowlarks, sparrows, quails, hawks and hyenas.

Negri-Nepote Temperate Grasslands in New

Jersey

Flooded

Grasslands that are flooded seasonally or year-round, like the

Everglades of Florida, the Pantanal of Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay or

the Esteros del Ibera in Argentina.They are classified with flooded

savannas as the flooded grasslands and savannas biome and occur

mostly in the tropics and subtropics.

Watermeadows are grasslands that are deliberately flooded for short

periods.

Montane

High-altitude grasslands located on high mountain ranges around the world, like the Pramo of the Andes

Mountains. They are part of the montane grasslands and shrublands biome and also constitute tundra.

Tundra

Similar to montane grasslands, polar arctic tundra can have grasses, but high soil moisture means that few tundras

are grass-dominated today. However, during the Pleistocene ice ages, a polar grassland known as steppe-tundra

occupied large areas of the Northern hemisphere. These are in the tundra biome.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tundrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tundrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steppe-tundrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice_agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pleistocenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arctic_tundrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tundrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montane_grasslands_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andes_Mountainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andes_Mountainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A1ramohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mountain_rangeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Watermeadowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flooded_grasslands_and_savannashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Esteros_del_Iberahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boliviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pantanalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Floridahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evergladeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ANegri-Nepote_Temperate_Grasslands_in_New_Jersey.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sparrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meadowlarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grasshopperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_World_blackbirdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Common_Blackbirdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Badgerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Owlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Snakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coyotehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skunkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_rabbithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prairie_doghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prairie_doghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leopardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cheetahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wolfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carnivoreshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wild_horsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rhinoceroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zebrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gazellehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbivoreshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temperate_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Downlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pampashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California_native_plants%23Common_Grasses_of_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prairiehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Los_Llanos%2C_Venezuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shrublandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neolithic_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northwest_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northwest_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ohiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illinoishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US_Midwesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prairiehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AMorton_Arboretum_grassland.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illinoishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morton_Arboretumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morton_Arboretum


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Grassland 4

Desert and xeric

Also called desert grasslands, this is composed of sparse grassland ecoregions located in the deserts and xeric

shrublands biome.

Fauna

Mites, insect larvae, nematodes and earthworms inhabit deep soil, which can reach 6 metres (20 ft) underground in

undisturbed grasslands on the richest soils of the world. These invertebrates, along with symbiotic fungi, extend the

root systems, break apart hard soil, enrich it with urea and other natural fertilizers, trap minerals and water and

promote growth. Some types of fungi make the plants more resistant to insect and microbial attacks.

Grassland in all its form supports a vast variety of mammals, reptiles, birds, and insects. Typical large mammals

include the Blue Wildebeest, American Bison, Giant Anteater and Przewalski's Horse.

While grasslands in general support diverse wildlife, given the lack of hiding places for predators, the African

savanna regions support a much greater diversity in wildlife than do temperate grasslands.[4]

There is evidence for grassland being much the product of animal behaviour and movement;[5] some examples

include migratory herds of antelope trampling vegetation and African Bush Elephants eating Acacia saplings beforethe plant has a chance to grow into a mature tree.

References

[1] University of California Museum of Paleontology Grasslands website (http://www.ucmp. berkeley. edu/exhibits/biomes/grasslands.php).

Ucmp.berkeley.edu. Retrieved on 2011-12-01.

[2] NASA Earth Observatory webpage (http://earthobservatory. nasa.gov/Laboratory/Biome/biograssland. html). Earthobservatory.nasa.gov.

Retrieved on 2011-12-01.

[3] EO Experiments: Grassland Biome (http://earthobservatory. nasa.gov/Laboratory/Biome/biograssland. html). Earthobservatory.nasa.gov.

Retrieved on 2011-12-01.

[4] University of California Santa Barbara Temperate Grasslands website (http://kids.nceas.ucsb.edu/biomes/grassland.html).

Kids.nceas.ucsb.edu. Retrieved on 2011-12-01.

[5] How can grazing heal land? (http://www.managingwholes. com/grazing-heals-land. htm). ManagingWholes.com. Retrieved on

2011-12-01.

Further reading

Courtwright, Julie.Prairie Fire: A Great Plains History (University Press of Kansas, 2011) 274 pp.

Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregions

The grassland Ecoregions of the Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublandsBiome are:

AfrotropicTemperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Al Hajar Al Gharbi montane woodlands Oman

Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands Amsterdam Island, Saint-Paul Island

Tristan da Cunha-Gough Islands shrub and grasslands Tristan da Cunha, Gough Island
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gough_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tristan_da_Cunhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tristan_da_Cunha-Gough_Islands_shrub_and_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amsterdam_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amsterdam_and_Saint-Paul_Islands_temperate_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Omanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al_Hajar_Al_Gharbi_montane_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temperate_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afrotropichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temperate_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ecoregionshttp://www.managingwholes.com/grazing-heals-land.htmhttp://kids.nceas.ucsb.edu/biomes/grassland.htmlhttp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Laboratory/Biome/biograssland.htmlhttp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Laboratory/Biome/biograssland.htmlhttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/grasslands.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acaciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=African_Bush_Elephanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Przewalski%27s_Horsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giant_Anteaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Bisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue_Wildebeesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ureahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fungihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earthwormhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nematodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Larvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deserts_and_xeric_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deserts_and_xeric_shrublands


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Grassland 5

AustralasiaTemperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Canterbury-Otago tussock grasslands New Zealand

Eastern Australia mulga shrublands Australia

Southeast Australia temperate savanna Australia

NearcticTemperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

California Central Valley grasslands United States

Canadian aspen forests and parklands Canada, United States

Central and Southern mixed grasslands United States

Central forest-grasslands transition United States

Central tall grasslands United States

Columbia Plateau United States

Edwards Plateau savanna United States

Flint Hills tall grasslands United States

Montana valley and foothill grasslands United States

Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands United States

Northern mixed grasslands Canada, United States

Northern short grasslands Canada, United States

Northern tall grasslands Canada, United States

Palouse grasslands United States

Texas blackland prairies United States

Western short grasslands United States

NeotropicTemperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Argentine Espinal Argentina

Argentine Monte Argentina

Humid Pampas Argentina

Patagonian grasslands Argentina, Chile

Patagonian steppe Argentina, Chile

Semi-arid Pampas Argentina
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Semi-arid_Pampahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patagonian_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patagoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humid_Pampahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentine_Montehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentine_Espinalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temperate_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neotropichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Plains_%28United_States%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Texas_blackland_prairieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palouse_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_tall_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_short_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_mixed_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sandhills_%28Nebraska%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montana_valley_and_foothill_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flint_Hills_tall_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edwards_Plateauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Columbia_Plateau_%28ecoregion%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_tall_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_forest-grasslands_transitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_and_Southern_mixed_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_aspen_forests_and_parklandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California_Central_Valley_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temperate_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nearctichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Australia_temperate_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Australia_mulga_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Zealandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canterbury-Otago_tussock_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temperate_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australasia_ecozone


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Grassland 6

PalearcticTemperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan

Altai steppe and semi-desert Kazakhstan

Central Anatolian steppe Turkey

Daurian forest steppe China, Mongolia, Russia

Eastern Anatolian montane steppe Armenia, Iran, Turkey

Emin Valley steppe China, Kazakhstan

Faroe Islands boreal grasslands Faroe Islands, Denmark

Gissaro-Alai open woodlands Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan

Kazakh forest steppe Kazakhstan, Russia

Kazakh steppe Kazakhstan, Russia

Kazakh upland Kazakhstan

Middle East steppe Iraq, Syria

Mongolian-Manchurian grassland China, Mongolia, Russia

Pontic steppe Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Ukraine

Sayan Intermontane steppe Russia

Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe Mongolia, Russia

South Siberian forest steppe Russia

Tian Shan foothill arid steppe China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregions

AfrotropicTropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Angolan Miombo woodlands Angola

Angolan Mopane woodlands Angola, Namibia

Ascension scrub and grasslands Ascension Island

Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia

East Sudanian savanna Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia

South Sudan, Sudan, Uganda

Eastern Miombo woodlands Mozambique, Tanzania

Guinean forest-savanna mosaic Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Nigeria,

Senegal, Togo

Itigi-Sumbu thicket Tanzania, Zambia

Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe

Mandara Plateau mosaic Cameroon, Nigeria

Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and

thickets

Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan, Uganda

Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda

Sahelian Acacia savanna Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, South

Sudan, Sudan
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senegalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigeriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mauritaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eritreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cameroonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burkina_Fasohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sahelian_Acacia_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_African_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cameroonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Congolian_forest-savanna_mosaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Acacia-Commiphora_bushlands_and_thicketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Acacia-Commiphora_bushlands_and_thicketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigeriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cameroonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandara_Plateau_mosaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namibiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botswanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalahari_Acacia-Baikiaea_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zambiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Itigi-Sumbu_thickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Togohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senegalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigeriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivory_Coasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guinea_Bissauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guineahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gambiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cameroonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burkina_Fasohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guinean_forest-savanna_mosaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mozambiquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Miombo_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eritreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_African_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cameroonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Sudanian_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zambiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burundihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Zambezian_Miombo_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ascension_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ascension_scrub_and_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namibiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolan_Mopane_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolan_Miombo_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afrotropichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyzstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tian_Shan_foothill_arid_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Siberian_forest_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mongoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selenge-Orkhon_forest_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sayan_Intermontane_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ukrainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moldovahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pontic_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mongoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mongolian-Manchurian_grasslandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Middle_East_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakh_uplandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakh_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakh_forest_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uzbekistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tajikistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyzstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gissaro-Alai_open_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faroe_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faroe_Islands_boreal_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emin_Valleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armeniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Anatolian_montane_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mongoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daurian_forest_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Anatolian_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Altai_steppe_and_semi-deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uzbekistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tajikistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alai-Western_Tian_Shan_steppehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temperate_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palearctic


7/9

Grassland 7

Serengeti Kenya, Tanzania

Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and

thickets

Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia

Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and

thickets

Kenya, Tanzania

Southern Africa bushveld Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe

Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Southern Miombo woodlands Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Saint Helena scrub and woodlands Saint Helena

Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda

West Sudanian savanna Benin, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal

Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo

Western Zambezian grasslands Angola, Zambia

Zambezian and Mopane woodlands Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe

AustralasiaTropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Arnhem Land tropical savanna Australia

Brigalow tropical savanna Australia

Cape York tropical savanna Australia

Carpentaria tropical savanna Australia

Einasleigh upland savanna Australia

Kimberly tropical savanna Australia

Mitchell grass downs Australia

Trans Fly savanna and grasslands Indonesia, Papua New Guinea

Victoria Plains tropical savanna Australia

IndomalayaTropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands Bhutan, India, Nepal

NearcticTropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Pre-Columbian savannas of North America (greatly declined) Canada, United States

Eastern savannas of the United States (greatly declined) United States

Central Hardwood Region United States

Western Gulf coastal grasslands Mexico, United States
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Gulf_coastal_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Hardwood_Regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_savannas_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pre-Columbian_savannas_of_North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nearctichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhutanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terai-Duar_savanna_and_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indomalayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Plains_tropical_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Papua_New_Guineahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trans_Fly_savanna_and_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitchell_grass_downshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kimberly_tropical_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Einasleigh_upland_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carpentaria_tropical_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cape_York_tropical_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigalow_tropical_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arnhem_Land_tropical_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australasia_ecozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zambiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namibiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botswanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zambezian_Baikiaea_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zambiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swazilandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namibiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mozambiquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botswanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zambezian_and_Mopane_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zambiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Zambezian_grasslandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_the_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Congolian_forest-savanna_mosaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senegalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigeriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivory_Coasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guineahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gambiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burkina_Fasohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Sudanian_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rwandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burundihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Basin_forest-savanna_mosaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Helenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Helena_scrub_and_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zambiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mozambiquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Miombo_woodlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Congolian_forest-savanna_mosaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botswanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Africa_bushveldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Acacia-Commiphora_bushlands_and_thicketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Acacia-Commiphora_bushlands_and_thicketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somaliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eritreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somali_Acacia-Commiphora_bushlands_and_thicketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somali_Acacia-Commiphora_bushlands_and_thicketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serengeti


8/9

Grassland 8

NeotropicTropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Aripo Savannas Trinidad

Beni savanna Bolivia

Campos Rupestres montane savanna Brazil

Cerrado Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay

Clipperton Island shrub and grasslands Clipperton Island is an overseas territory of France

Crdoba montane savanna Argentina

Guyanan savanna Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela

Gran Chaco Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay

Los Llanos Venezuela, Colombia

Uruguayan savanna Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay

OceaniaTropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Hawaiian tropical high shrublands Hawaii

Hawaiian tropical low shrublands Hawaii

Northwestern Hawaii scrub Hawaii
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawaiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northwestern_Hawaii_scrubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawaiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_tropical_low_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawaiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_tropical_high_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oceania_ecozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguayan_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colombiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venezuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Los_Llanos%2C_Venezuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gran_Chacohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venezuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guyanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guyanan_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba_montane_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clipperton_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boliviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cerradohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campos_Rupestres_montane_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boliviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beni_savannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trinidadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aripo_Savannashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neotropic


9/9

Article Sources and Contributors 9

Article Sources and ContributorsGrassland Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=570807459 Contributors: 1966batfan, 1brettsnyder, 28bytes, 5 albert square, A.J.A., A.M.962, Acalamari, Ace of Spades,

Adambro, Addihockey10, Addshore, Adeliine, AdjustShift, Aeonx, Afbibwei, Ahnafkutta, Ahoerstemeier, Aitias, Alai, Alanl, Alansohn, Alex.muller, Alexius08, AlexiusHoratius, Allstarecho,

Anaxial, Andycjp, Animum, AnnaFrance, Anonymous101, Antandrus, Anthere, Antonio Lopez, Antoniopolis, Arcandam, ArielGold, Arnavchaudhary, Arthena, Ascidian, Asddffggh, Atif.t2,

AuburnPilot, Avnjay, Avono, AzaToth, Aznman, BCgrasslands, Baa, Bassbonerocks, Bdavis976, Beatmania321, Bento00, BiRtHdAyGiRl141, Bibliomaniac15, Big Adamsky, Blanchardb,

Bobo192, Bogey97, Bongwarrior, BorgHunter, Boston, Brumski, Brunch vs. Breakfast, Buzybeez, CaSJer, Caltas, CanbekEsen, CapnPrep, Capricorn42, Captain-n00dle, Captain-tucker,

CardinalDan, CarinaT, Carnby, CarnivorousGnomeCatuse, Cazort, Ceranthor, Chamal N, Chaser, Chravens, Cjracer100, Closedmouth, Clubcourt123, Cmichael, Coasterlover1994, Coffee,

CommonsDelinker, ConCompS, Connormah, Coolio12345, Courcelles, Crash carry, CrazyChemGuy, CubBC, Cube lurker, Cxz111, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, DVD R W, Daniel Collins, Danilot,Darren23, Darth Stabro, Dawn Bard, Dawnseeker2000, DeadlyAssassin, Deejfroever, Dentren, Deor, DerHexer, Dgnkillr13, Diagonalfish, Discospinster, DotKuro, Download, Dpkh92,

Drakenwolf, Dreadstar, Drmies, Drpickem, Dsmithsmithy, Dudley Miles, Dwayne, Dysepsion, E Wing, E0steven, Eagleclaw6, Egmontaz, Elanthiel, Eliz81, Ellywa, EncycloPetey, Epbr123,

Ethel Aardvark, Excirial, Exert, Extransit, Ezhiki, FF2010, Falcon8765, Finalius, Firethrought, Flamingredapple, Flewis, Foxhoodie, Foxj, Fraggle81, Fram, Francs2000, Frekja, Frogs101, G.I

Bob, Garzo, Gdo01, Gene Nygaard, Geniac, Gilgamesh, Gilliam, Glane23, GoShow, Gob Lofa, Gogo Dodo, GorillaWarfare, Grahamm21kidd, Graminophile, Grutness, Gwen-chan, Gkhan, HJ

Mitchell, Hammersoft, Harlem Baker Hughes, Haywire, Headhoncho, HiDrNick, Hihimehappy, Historymike, Hmains, Hobartimus, Hohum, Hollyanya, Honyooboo, Horseluv10, Hu12, Hut 8.5,

Hydrogen Iodide, IW.HG, Ian Pitchford, Imboredxd, Imc, Immunize, IncognitoErgoSum, Inter16, Iridescent, Ispy1981, Itsmejudith, J.delanoy, JForget, JSpung, JaGa, Jab843, Jaxl, Jcw69,

Jds10912, Jeff G., Jeffness, Jeffrey Mall, Jellycar, Jennavecia, Jim1138, JimVC3, Jmlk17, Jncraton, John254, Jongleur100, Jumpingjellybeans, Jusdafax, JustAGal, Katherine, Kbdank71,

Kerotan, Khazar2, Kingpin13, KirinX, Knight579, Kralizec!, Krashlandon, L Kensington, L84scool, LarRan, Lavi142, Ldavid, LeaveSleaves, Legoktm, Lexi Marie, Lightmouse, Lisagetsana,

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