from e-government to open government

Johann Höchtl, Peter Parycek, Zentrum für E-Governance

FROM E-GOVERNMENTTO OPEN

GOVERNMENT

Danube University Krems

(CC-BY) https://flic.kr/p/e8uDwc

W3C Meeting 16. October 2014 Budapest

Agenda

• E-Government in Austria• Drivers of Change• Current and Upcoming Topics

– The coming disintegration of internal and external– Big and Open Data– SmartICT and Smart Agglomerations

• What to do Now – Fields of Action

E-GOVERNMENT DEFINITIONS

E-Government Definition EU-Commission

“Information and communication technologies (ICT) can help public administrations to cope with the many challenges. However, the focus should not be on ICT itself.”

“Instead it should be on the use of ICT combined with organisational change and new skills in order to improve public services, democratic processes and public policies.

This is what eGovernment is about.”

Source: COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS, 2003. http://europa.eu.int/information_society/eeurope/2005/doc/all_about/egov_communication_en.pdf

E-Government

e-Government

e-Executive(Exekutive)

e-Legislation(Legislative)

e-Jurisdiction(Jurisdiktion)

E-Government

G 2 C G 2 B

G 2 E G 2 G

G 2 C ... Government to Citizen G 2 B ... Government to BusinessG 2 E ... Government to Employee G 2 G ... Government to Government

E-Legislation E-Executive E-Jurisdiction

E-Government(E-Staat)

E- Public Administration – public law

E-Privat Administration – private law

E-Participation

e-Government internal

e-Government external

CitizenBusiness

B2G C2G

G2G, Government to Government / B2G, Business to Government / C2G, Citizen to Government

Federal State

Provinzial State

Townships

G2G

Grey Sector: Public Corporations, Self Government Organisations, Non Profit Organisation,

Representation of interests etc.

E-Government - Relationships

G2G

E-Government Goals

Digitalization of InformationRe-Design of Processesmore efficient Processes undmore effective Decisions.

InternalE-Government

Digital Information and ServicesExternal

E-Government

SynergyThrough

IT

E-Government Dimensions

Law

Technology

Organisation

profitability

1.0 – Databases (Cadastre, …)

1.2 + Web-Sites

1.4 + Portals & eID (HELP, Bürgerkarte …)

1.6 + Internal Workflows (Fabasoft, SAP …)

1.8 + Applications (FinanzOnline …)

1.9 + Further Potential: Data & Information

2.0 + Internal and external Collaboration

E-Government Development

E-GOVERNMENT PROCESS

Application

Internal Workflow

Delivery

Behörde A

Behörde B

Behörde C

ZMR GWR PSR

E-Government Process1. One & No Stop2. eID & eSig3. Keine Beilagen

1.Signature2.Duale Dilivery

G2G

Forms

ePayment

E-Delivery

Electronic Signature

Portals 4 Citizen and Compaines Integration of Applications

Reference Modell

Interoperability

European Interoperability Framework (EIF) for European public services, p. 71, http://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdf

E-GOVERNMENT INTERNAL

Ministries

Provinces

Municipality

Digital Document & Workflow System

Digital Document & Workflow Systems(FabaSoft/SAP (horizontal)

IT Architecture

Digital Document & Workflow System

Central Databases (vertical)

Connect

Digital Document &

Workflow System

(vertical)

Citizen & Business

eID Management

Companies

Public LawPrivate L aw

Databases:

Identifier

Unternehmensregisternummer:

CSO DBOffical Company DB

OCDB-Nr CSO. Nr. ON des Ergänzungsregisters sonstiger Betroffener (neu)

ON/GLN as Second Identifier

Sonstige

ON = GLN

Resident DB ERnP

People

SZ-Nr

CSO DB

ObjectsLegal BodiesPeople

Central Databases

Business DBLegal Status DB Cadastre

Buildings

Addresses

Other…

Vgl. Ledinger, BKA

Legal Comp. DB

CSO

Other…

Residence DB

Driving L. DB

Weitere …

E-GOVERNMENT – EID & ESIG

25.04.2003 © Peter Parycek, Donau-Universität Krems 22

Data-Centers 1 bis n

Access by Web

Mid Office

Back Office

Front Office

Access by Mobile

Access by feet Access by Terminal

Webportal Call Center Office Intranet-Apps

Civil Servant 1 bis n

ORG-TECH Architecture

eSig = eID?

eID Concepts

• Username & Password• Software Certificates • USB/Token Solutions• Smart-Card Solutions• Secure Element• …

Var1: Signatur (ZDA) People Database

IdentifierDatabase

„electronic Identity“* ZDA = Zertifizierungsdiensteanbieter

Signature

Common eID Combinations

Var 2: LogIn ()

LogIn

+

Vergleich AT/LIE/DE/CH-Zug

Identification Authentication Identifier eSignature Technical solution

AT

eSignature eSignature Sector specific identifier

integrated open carrier system; different card based solutions and one mobile token based solution.

LIE

UsernamePassword or eSignature

Mobile tokenor eSignature

One Identifier for administrative processes

optional user name password and mobile token and one card based solution.

DE Identity Card Card based not offered optional card based solution

CHZug

UsernamePassword

Mobile token Identifier for administrative processes

Not offered user name password and mobile token

Campanies vs. States

Companies vs. EU

DRIVERS OF CHANGE

Mobility

Digitisation

Connectivity Intelligence

Source: Parycek, Simonitsch, Fandler, Müller

1. Intelligence

1001011001001

2. Digitisation 3. Connectivity

1001011001001

Internet of Things, Cybernetics, Mobility

The New Rule Set

Horizontal vs. Vertical

CC by miguel ángel pelegrí

Closed Hierarchies Open Networks

Open Gov Dimensions

• Openness (Strategic & democratic Transparency)

• Accountability(Prozesse & Entscheidungen)

Legitimicy

• Openness, Participation & Collaboration(G-Networks),

• Sharing of Resources(Digital Common Goods)

Capacity

• Digital Law ( Datenschutz, ...)• Data & Information• Legal Framework for Collaboration

Legality

CURRENT AND UPCOMING CHALLENGES

Disintegration ofInternal vs. External

http://www.beltz.de/de/kinder-jugendbuch/moritz-verlag/neuerscheinungen/buchdetailseite/titel/drinnen-und-draussen.html

Administration Now: Input Output

Portal E-Delivery

1 2 3

Backoffice

Administration 2025: Process circles

communicate

eval

uate

edit

monitor

shape

initiate

ProcessParticipation

Big Data

Open Data

Cloud Computing

Mobility

Inter

net o

f Thin

gs

Administration 2025:Share your place – work together...

Knowledge management instead of records management

Connected instead of hierarchal Administration back office

Applications as Apps for officials, citizens and economy stakeholders.

Administration 2025:Functional Features

Calendar

DocumentManagement

Voting

Domain specific application 2Domain specific application 1

CalendarMessaging

VotingComponent interoperability

features

CalendarMessaging

Scheduling

Public Platforms

Administration 2025:Interoperability Features

An actual challenge …

The data formats you provide are of little value to us. You lack the knowledge? No worriers, let us put our hands on your servers and together

we will work out a suitable data format.

Open Data Community Meeting Graz, 2014

BIG &

… which we will increasingly call Smart Data

Service: private operatedOpen (Govt.) Data in Austria:Big Picture

data.eu

MunicipalitiesProvincesMinistries

?

Private Persons Companies NGOs

data.opendataportal.at

Portal: Government operated Portal: Private operated

Big Picture

Private Data

Open Gov Data Portal

www.data.gv.at

UN Public Service Award

Hydrants

But in Viennawe had ….

OGD lesser expected results

• Inter-department information managementReduced efforts for data claims

• Harmonisation of data formats due to public urge

• Shared understandingWhat are we talking about when we talk about public multimedia booths?

• Streamlined processes and IT-appliancesFrom internal systems to the data platform

Open Data Portal for Companies, Science, Civil Society Organizations, People, Machines, …

www.opendataportal.at

Government

Digital Austria

„BLSG“ - CooperationFederal Layer, Provinces, Municipalities

IT-Responsible Economy Representatives

Formal Coordination

Governance Framework

Entities operating an OD

Portal

Informal Coordination

CooperationOGD Austria

Sub-WGs• Metadata• Linked Data• Quality…

Federal Layer,Provinces,Municipalities

+ Expertise fromEconomy, NGOs,Universities

HOW BIG IS BIG?

If a cup of cofe could hold a Gigabyte of data …

… one Zettabyte would havethe Volume of the

Great Wall of China

http://blogs.cisco.com/news/the-dawn-of-the-zettabyte-era-infographic/

1880: US Census 1890: US Census

Data Sources

• Sensor Data Sensoring everything– from digital Cow to sensored humans (plants,

transportation networks, energy grids, …)

• Social Media Data– exponential growth with Google Glasses predicted

(Images, Videos, Text, Sensors, ...)

• Transport and Motion data– GPS, GSM, etc.

• Internet of Things data– inventory data and machine to machine communication,

machine to human;

Kinds of Data

Source: McKinsey Global Institute analysis (2013)

Big Data & Analytic Shifts

• End of Causality• End of Exactitude• End of Samples

Source: Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work and ThinkViktor Mayer-Schönberger, Kenneth Cukier

MixIt: Netflix Challenge

Combination of algorithms Combination of internal and external data!

Early

-War

ning

Syst

em &

Agen

da S

etting

Prognosis &Scenario

ExecutionDecision

Evaluation DecisionCycle

Decision Cycle

Source: Donau-Universität Krems, Centre for E-Governance

Danube University Krems.The University for Continuing Education.

Smart Cities & Smart ICT

FACTS

In 2020, 600 cities will account for 65% of BNP

80% of BNP is generated in cities(in developed countries)

USA: 90% of BNP, 86% of Jobs are produced on 3% of land

http://knowledge.insead.edu/economics-politics/cities-of-the-future-2484

http://www.unhabitat.org/cdrom/docs/wuf1.pdf

http://hereandnow.wbur.org/2013/11/20/cities-solve-problems

CLAIMS

Urban areas contribute disproportionally to national

productivity. However, the structural productivity of

cities will at least in part rest upon an efficient supply

of serviced land and reliable infrastructure, including

transport, power, water and sanitation as well as

information & communication technologies.

“

UN Habitat Report State of the World's Cities 2012/2013, p. xivhttp://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/listItemDetails.aspx?publicationID=3387

Wait – Plan – Build – Hope

The traditionalplanning approach

The new approachAsk – Integrate – Co-create – Innovate

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The quadruple Helixhttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/23/quadruple-helix-dna_n_2527882.html

Indu

stry

,SM

Es

Universities

Local Government Peop

le

Terms & AssociationsCity Nation

Function IdentityWork, innovation & creativity Cultural originsWhat you do and how you do it – aims and interests

Who you are and where you come from

Advertisement FlagsMotion - driven by aspiration Static - defined by historyCollaboration PowerMayors discuss garbage and snow removal Prime ministers / chancellors proclaim

distinctive identities

Smartness and the Role of ICT

Splatters from the Internet – What constitutes a smart city?

• … efficiency based on the intelligent management and integrated ICT

• … ability to solve problems and use of ICTs to improve this capacity

• … main focus is still on the role of ICT infrastructure• … investments into ICT

Smart EconomySmart Mobility

Smart Governance Smart People

Smart Living

Smart Environment

ICT is the mortar which ties building blocks together

G7 / G8 / G20 C-40

Rural structures dominate cities - Federal government paralysed by shut down.

„New York garbage has to be removed nonetheless.“

Challenges no longer met by nations?

FIELDS OF ACTIONWhere to go from Here?

Digital GovernanceStrategic policy Framework

Technology• IT-Services• Data• Infrastructure

Organisation• Structure• Processes

Culture• Leadership• HR development• Stakeholder

Law• Legal Framework• Regulations

• Interoperability• Open Closed• Intern Extern• Participation models

• Cooperation models(Communities)• Sharing (Data Resources)• Agile, Smart, Secure, Beta, Good

Enough

TRADITIONALORCHESTRAL

JAZZ GOV

NameTitle of Presentation

CC by imagesfrugales

SMALLAGILE & FLEXIBLERAPID PROTOTYPING

ORCHESTRA

JAZZ GOV

Flexible agile OrchestraIdea: P. Kustor

Donau-Universität Krems.Die Universität für Weiterbildung.

Johann HöchtlPeter Parycek

Center for E-Governance{peter.parycek|johann.hoechtl}

@donau-uni.ac.at

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