ethical leadership by ravi wadhawan iim ranchi
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7/21/2019 Ethical Leadership by Ravi Wadhawan IIM Ranchi
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Leadership Power & Infuence
Chapter 16 – Leadership Ethics
Ravi Wadhawan PGEXP/71
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Overview
Leadership Ethics Perspective
Ethical Theories
Principles o Ethical Leadership
Diverse Ethical Perspectives
How Does the Leadership Ethical Perspective Work?
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Leadership Ethics Description
Ethics Is a derivative o the reek word ethos, !eanin"
custo!s# conduct# or character
Is concerned with the kinds o values and !orals anindividual or societ$ ascri%es as desira%le or appropriate
ocuses on the virtuousness o individuals and their
!otives
Ethical Theory Provides a s$ste! o rules or principles as a "uide in
!akin" decisions a%out what is ri"ht'wron" and
"ood'%ad in a speci(c situation
Provides a %asis or understandin" what it !eans to %e a
!orall$ decent hu!an %ein"
Definition & Theory
Definition & Theory
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Leadership Ethics Description
Has to do with what leaders do and wholeaders are
It is concerned with the nature o theleaders) behavior and their virtuousness
In an$ decision*!akin" situation# ethicalissues are either implicitly or explicitly
involvedWhat choices leaders !ake and how the$
respond in a particular circu!stance areinformed and directed %$ their ethics
Ethics & Leadership
Ethics & Leadership
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Ethical Theories
Two Broad Domains+ Theories a%outleaders) conduct and a%out leaders)character
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Ethical Theories
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Ethical Theories
Teleological Theories+ ocus onconsequences o leaders) actions# results
Three di,erent approaches to !akin"decisions re"ardin" !oral conduct *
Ethical e"ois! -create "reatest "ood or the
leader. /losel$ related to transactional leadership theories
E0a!ple+ leader takes a political stand on an issue orno other reason than to "et re*elected
CONDUCTCONDUCT
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Ethical Theories
Teleological Theories, cont’d. Three di,erent approaches to !akin" decisions re"ardin" !oral
conduct *
1tilitarianis! -create "reatest "ood or "reatestnu!%er.
E0a!ple+ leader distri%utes scarce resources so as to!a0i!i2e %ene(t to ever$one# while hurtin" the ewest3preventive healthcare vs4 catastrophic illnesses
5ltruis! -show concern or %est interests o others. 5uthentic transor!ational leadership is %ased on altruistic
principles
E0a!ple+ the work o 6other Theresa# who "ave her entire lie tohelp the poor
CONDUCTCONDUCT
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Ethical Theories
Deontological Theories+ duty driven# ore0a!ple# relates not onl$ to conse7uences%ut also to whether action itsel is "ood
ocuses on the actions o the leader and his'her!oral o%li"ation and responsi%ilities to do the
ri"ht thin" E0a!ple+ tellin" the truth# keepin" pro!ises# %ein" air
CONDUCTCONDUCT
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Ethical Theories
Virtue-based Theories+ a%out leader)s
character ocus on who people are as people
8ather than tell people what to do# tell people whatto %e
Help people %eco!e !ore virtuous throu"h trainin"
and develop!ent
9irtues present within person)s disposition# andpractice !akes "ood values ha%itual
E0a!ples+ coura"e# honest$# airness# :ustice# inte"rit$#
hu!ilit$
CHARACTERCHARACTER
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/entralit$ o Ethics to Leadership
Infuence dimension o leadershipre7uires the leader to have an i!pact onthe lives o ollowers
Power and control dierences createenor!ous ethical responsi%ilit$ or leader)s
Resect !or ersons " sensitive toollowers) own interests# and needs
Leaders help to esta%lish and reinorceor"ani2ational values " an ethical climate
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Diverse Perspectives o Leadership
E!phasi2es how leaders help ollowers to conront
confictin" values & to e,ect chan"e ro! confict Ethical perspective that speaks directl$ to ;
9alues o workers 9alues o or"ani2ations and the co!!unities in which the$
work
Leaders use authorit$ to !o%ili2e ollowers to et people ocused on issues 5ct as a realit$ test re"ardin" inor!ation 6ana"e and ra!e issues Orchestrate confictin" perspectives acilitate the decision*!akin" process
Leader provides a holding environment # a supportive conte0tin which there is ;
Trust# nurturance & e!path$ Leaders duties ;
5ssist the ollower in stru""lin" with chan"e and personal
"rowth
Heifetzs !erspecti"eHeifetzs !erspecti"e
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Diverse Perspectives o Leadership
Theor$ o Transor!ational Leadership <tron" e!phasis on ollowers) needs# values &
!orals
Leaders help ollowers in their personal stru""lesconcernin" confictin" values
<tressin" values such as+
Li%ert$ =ustice E7ualit$
Theor$ o Transor!ational Leadership# cont)d4 /onnection %etween leader & ollower
8aises level o !oralit$ o %oth
Leader)s 8ole
5ssist ollowers in assessin" their values & needs
Help ollowers to rise to a hi"her level o unctionin"
#$rns !erspecti"e
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Diverse Perspectives o Leadership
<ervant Leadership ; has stron" altruistic ethical
overtones Leaders ; ocus on & attentive to needs o ollowers
e!pathi2e with ollowers
take care o and nurture ollowers4
Leader has a social responsi%ilit$ to %e concernedwith >have*nots in the or"ani2ation and+ 8e!ove ine7ualities & social in:ustices
1ses less institutional power
1ses less control
<hits authorit$ to ollowers
%reeneafs !erspecti"e%reeneafs !erspecti"e
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Diverse Perspectives o Leadership
<ervant Leadership 9alues+
Involve!ent
8espect
Trust
Individual stren"th
ollower @eeds
Aeco!e !ore knowled"ea%le 6ore autono!ous
Aeco!e !ore like servants
%reeneafs !erspecti"e%reeneafs !erspecti"e
– Listening
– Empathy
– Unconditional acceptance
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Diverse Perspectives o Leadership
Includes wide ran"e o concepts ocused on+
Identi$in" attri%utes o service leadership E0a!inin" conceptual ra!eworks o servant
leadership
Developin" instru!ents to !easure servantleadership
Recent Research – 1'''()**)Recent Research – 1'''()**)
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Principles o Ethical Leadership
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Principles o Ethical Leadership
Ethics - is centra toeadership +eca$se of,
– The process of influence
– The need to engage
followers to accomplish mutualgoals
– The impact leaders have on
establishing the organization’s
values
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Leadership
Leader shall:
Treat other people)s values anddecisions with respect
5llow others to %e the!selveswith creative wants and desires
5pproach others with a senseo unconditional worth andvalue individual di,erences
Respects
Others
Leaderbehaviors:
- Listens closely to subordinates
- Is empathic
- Is tolerant ofopposing viewpoints
Treating others as ends (their own goals)rather than as means (to leaders’ personal goals)
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Principles o Ethical Leadership
#eader’s ha$e -
5 dut$ to help others pursue theirown le"iti!ate interests and "oals To %e stewards o the or"ani2ation)s
vision3 in servin" others the$+clarify # nurture, and integrate the vision with , not or# or"ani2ation!e!%ers
5n ethical responsi%ilit$ to !akedecisions that are %ene(cial to theirollowers) welare
Follower-centered - Based on thealtruistic principle of placing followers
foremost in the leader’s plans
Leader +eha"iors
!entoring behaviors
Empowerment behaviors
Team building behaviors
"itizenship behaviors
-er"es
Others
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Principles o Ethical Leadership
#eader’s shall "adhere to principles o distributive justice
#eader beha$iors5ll su%ordinates are treated in an e7ual
!annerIn special treat!ent'special
consideration situations# "rounds ordi,erential treat!ent are clear#reasona%le# and %ased on sound !oralvalues
Ethical leaders are concerned with issues offairness and ustice! the" place issues of
fairness at the center of their decision ma#ing
-ho.s
/$stice
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Principles o Ethical Leadership
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Principles o Ethical Leadership
#eaders%5re not deceptive Tell the truth with abalance o openness and candor whilemonitoring what isappropriate todisclose in aparticular situation
$onest leaders are authentic but also sensitiveto the feelings and attitudes of others
Leader +eha"iors
– #on’t promise what you can’tdeliver
– #on’t suppress obligations
– #on’t evade accountability
– #on’t accept $survival of thefittest% pressures
– &c'nowledge and rewardhonest behavior in theorganization
0anifests
Honesty
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Principles o Ethical Leadership
Concern for common good means leaders
cannot impose their will on others; they searchfor goals that are compatible with everyone
Ethica Leaders &oo.ers
ta'e into accountpurposes of everyone in
the group( and reach out beyond their
own mutually definedgoals to widercommunity
Leader +eha"iors
– Ta'es into account purposes of
everyone in the group – Is attentive to interests of thecommunity and culture
– #oes not force others or ignoreintentions of others
#$ids#$ids
Co22$nityCo22$nity
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Linda Fisher Thornton
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Process
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How Does theEthical LeadershipPerspective Work?
<tren"ths
/riticis!s 5pplication
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<tren"ths
Provides a %od$ o timely research on ethical
issues
Provides direction on how to thin! a%out ethicalleadership and how to practice it
<u""ests that leadership is not an amoral pheno!enon and that ethics should %e considered
as integral to the %roader do!ain o leadership
Hi"hli"hts principles and virtues that are
i!portant in ethical leadership develop!ent
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/riticis!s
Lacks a stron" %od$ o traditionalresearch (ndin"s to substantiate the
theoretical oundations
8elies heavil$ on writin"s o :ust a few individuals that are pri!aril$ descriptive
and anecdotal in nature# and arestron"l$ infuenced %$ personal opinion and a particular worldview
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5pplication
/an %e applied to individuals at all levels oor"ani2ation and in all walks o lie
Aecause leadership has a !oral di!ension# %ein"a leader de!ands awareness on our part o the
wa$ our ethics de(nes our leadership6ana"ers and leaders can use inor!ation on
ethics to understand the!selves and stren"thentheir own leadership
Leaders can use ethical principles as %ench!arksor their own %ehavior
Leaders can learn that leader*ollowerrelationship is central to ethical leadership
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