environmental issues update 1.environmental issues 1.ship strikes on whales 2.noise pollution...
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Environmental Issues Update
1. Environmental Issues1. Ship strikes on whales2. Noise pollution3. Biofouling
2. Environmental Regulations1. Air emissions – GHG TEEMP2. Ballast water3. China pollution laws
3. Some thoughts for the future
Today’s Environmental Agenda...• Anti-fouling systems • Ballast Water management • Biofouling• Ship Recycling• Port Reception Facilities (adequacy & affordability) • Waste management (onboard and ashore)• Stern tube lube oil releases• Polar shipping• Marine Noise pollution• Whale strikes • Spill Prevention and Response Planning• VOC emission reductions• Exhaust Gas emissions (Annex VI & its revisions) • Green House Gas emissions
1. Environmental issues
1. Environmental IssuesShip strikes on whales
International IssueIMO’s Guidance to States - routing measures and speed restrictions, but initiated/regulated through IMO
Regional LawsUSA – speed restrictions and speeding fines!
Sou
rce:
IF
AW
1. Environmental IssuesNoise pollution
Adverse anthropogenic marine/ocean noise impacts on cetaceans and other biota
or...
Noise pollution and its effect on marine mammals
IMO
Technical Guidelines for ship-quieting technologies plus potential navigational and operational practices
Shipping noise increasing by 3dB per decade
but first...Anti-fouling Systems– Entry into force of the AFS Convention– INTERTANKO Environmental Committee
• Move towards biocide-free systems
• Comparison of silicon systems
Antifouling Problem = Chemical
Biofouling Problem = Biological
1. Environmental IssuesBiofouling
Invasive species
a different route for organisms other than
ballast water
Biofouling as an issue for the IMO – invasive species
Organisms found in the sea chest – hydroids, bryozoans, mussels
1. Environmental IssuesBiofouling
Organisms found in the sea chest
Biofouling• Scale of issue defined and indication of severity in relation to
ballast water• 36% of species introduced into North America attributed to
biofouling
• 77% of species introduced into Port Phillip, Australia attributed to biofouling
• Hull resistance management - Micro versus Macro biofouling• Air emissions benefits
• Invasive species benefits
1. Environmental IssuesBiofouling
Biofouling – going forward
• IMO Guidelines• National hull management requirements – USA & Australia• Ban on hull management/cleaning !
1. Environmental IssuesBiofouling
March 2010 IMO agreed on
1. Mandatory (MARPOL Annex VI) Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)
for new ships
2. Guidelines for voluntary use of the ship Energy Efficiency Operations
Indicator (EEOI)
3. Guidelines for Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) and
inclusion in MARPOL Annex VI
4. Expert Group to assess impacts on shipping and trade of Market Based
Instruments (MBIs)
– Proposals: Cap and Trade / Compensation scheme / Hybrid
– Note: Most propsals based on EEDI as benchmark
2. Environmental RegulationsAir emissions – Greenhouse Gases (GHG)
Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan
– Developed as a ship-specific plan by the ship owner
– Part 1 – What the Plan should look like in four parts
1. Planning: Package of measures identified & Goal setting
2. Implementation: Implementation system
3. Monitoring: Monitoring system (tools and record keeping)
4. Self-evaluation & Improvement: Voluntary reporting
– Part 2 – List of possible options for improving energy efficiency (use of INTERTANKO’s Guide)
2. Environmental RegulationsAir emissions – Greenhouse Gases (GHG)
INTERTANKO’s Guide for a Tanker Efficiency and Emission Management Plan
2. Environmental RegulationsAir emissions – Greenhouse Gases (GHG)
1. Introduction *
2. Establishing the Company and Ship Management Plans
3. Voyage Optimisation Programme
4. Propulsion Resistance Management Programme
5. Machinery Optimisation Programme
6. Cargo Handling Optimisation
7. Energy Conservation Awareness Plan
* Also introduces elements associated with the over-lap between SEEMP and OCIMF TMSA Fuel Management Appendix
Possible Abatement Measures
• Gas fuelled engines• Electronic engine control• Waste heat recovery• Air cavity lubrication• Contra-rotating propeller• Fuels cells as auxiliary
engines• Frequency converters• Exhaust gas boilers on
auxiliary engines• Energy efficient light
systems• Wing generator• Wind power – kite• Wind power – fixed sails
or wings• Solar panels
• Solar panels• Trim/draft optimising• Weather routing• Voyage execution• Steam plant operational
improvements• Speed reduction due to port
efficiency• Propeller condition• Speed reduction due to fleet
increase• Hull condition• Propulsion efficiency devices• Cold ironing• Engine monitoring• Reduced auxiliary power
usage
2. Environmental RegulationsBallast Water Management
• IMO Ballast Water Convention– Entry into force dates
– Technology
– Guidelines
Entry into force - 1– The BWM Convention will enter into force 12 months after
ratification by 30 States, representing 35 per cent of world merchant shipping tonnage.
– As at 26 April 2010: 22 countries representing 22.65% of world merchant shipping tonnage
• Canada now makes 23 countries• Awaiting Brazil...
– Implementation dates still important...
2. Environmental RegulationsBallast Water Management
Entry into force - 2Summary of implementation dates:
Ship constructed before 2009
BW capacity 1500-5000m3 – have treatment system from first intermediate or renewal survey after anniversary date in 2014
BW capacity less than 1500m3 and greater than 5000m3 – have to have treatment system from first intermediate or renewal survey after anniversary date in 2016
Ship constructed in or after 2009
BW capacity less than 5000m3 shall have a treatment system installed at its second annual survey and no later than 31/12/2011
Ship constructed after 2009 but before 2012
and with a BW capacity greater than 5000m3 shall have a treatment system from first intermediate or renewal survey after anniversary date in 2016
Ship constructed in or after 2012
with a BW capacity of greater than 5000m3 shall be constructed with a BW treatment system
2. Environmental RegulationsBallast Water Management
• Treatment
• Generation of chemicals
• Approval
• Capital Cost ($USD)
• Power Consumption
• Other Costs: consumables, spares, maintenance
• Operating costs10-year
• Cost (Capex + Opex)
• Size (m3)
• Weight (kg)
• Pressure Drop
• # installations/contracts
• Largest installation
Concern expressed over treatment systems to meet 2012 deadline
INTERTANKO Environmental Committee – “need to find solutions to assist members and seek evidence that systems will work in practice” – what are the members experience and information
2. Environmental RegulationsBallast Water Management
IMO BWM Convention• States continue to implement IMO Convention, e.g. Norway
– Implementation issues arising: Ballast Water Record Book format
• Other States seek to go beyond IMO Convention, e.g. USA
• IMO list of Guidelines continues to be important but overlooked by operators:
Guidelines for Ballast Water Sampling
Guidelines for Ballast Water Management and Development of Ballast Water Management Plans
Guidelines for Ballast Water Exchange
Guidelines for Ballast Water Exchange Design and Construction Standards
Guidelines for Sediment Control on Ships
2. Environmental RegulationsBallast Water Management
2. Environmental RegulationsChina Oil Pollution Regulations
Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Ship-Induced Pollution of the Marine Environment
• 1st March 2010• Any ship-induced pollution accident or any ship-related operation that causes or may
cause pollution damage to the internal waters, territorial seas, and the contiguous zones, exclusive economic zones and continental shelves of the PRC and all other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the PRC
• Need for ship emergency response plans• All ships, except those of less than 1,000gt and not carrying oil cargoes, must carry
insurance to cover claims for pollution• The limit of liability is that in the PRC Maritime Code (LLMC 76). • The insurance must be provided by an entity approved by the China MSA • The operators of any ships carrying bulk hazardous and pollutant liquid cargo shall
contract with an MSA approved local clean-up contractor• It would seem that there this no limit of liability PRC Maritime Code (LLMC 76) • Receivers of persistent oil cargoes are required to contribute to the PRC Fund, which
would compensate for ship-induced pollution claims that are in excess of CLC limits.• Provisions for discharge and receipt of waste (port reception facilities)
Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Ship-Induced Pollution of the Marine Environment
INTERTANKO Observations and Queries
1. Await an official english translation and further guidance
2. Not certain whether CLC 92 for persistent oil or Bunker Convention 2001 for ships over 1,000gt would suffice in terms of insurance
3. Entities approved by the China MSA to provide insurance cover – P&I?
4. Require a list of approved clean-up contractors asap – deadline was 1st March
5. Although China is not a party to the Fund, contributions to a PRC Fund would seem to be a local variation on the CLC Fund principle
6. Assumed that SOPEP and SMPEP would suffice as the ship emergency plans
7. Not clear whether standardised advance notification forms and waste delivery receipts for port waste reception facilities will be used
8. IG P&I clubs state delay for 3 months – no official proof/evidence received but no negative reports to date...
2. Environmental IssuesChina Oil Pollution Regulations
1. Environmental Issues1. Ship strikes on whales2. Noise pollution3. Biofouling
2. Environmental Regulations1. Air emissions – GHG TEEMP2. Ballast water3. China pollution laws
3. Some thoughts for the future
3. Some final thoughts
On rules and regulations...
1. Issues generate guidelines. If guidelines deemed not to be working, legislation is proposed, developed and adopted.
2. Regional legislation frequently leads to international legislation.
On the environment and environmental issues...
3. Environmental awareness and an environmental culture needs to be evident. Mandatory (STCW) amendments simply the baseline/minimum requirement.
4. An appreciation of the environment is not simply something for work but importantly, for life in general.
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