effect of synthetic turf on cell cycle genes of sacchromyces cerevisiae

Effects of synthetic turf on cell cycle genes of

Sacchromyces cerevisiae

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By: Evin Rothschild

BackgroundTurf: composed of crumb rubber to cushion the

landing when a runner’s foot hits the turf

Background Amy Griffin has found 63 former soccer players

with cancer who played on artificial turf (2015)Majority are goal keepers: spend most time on

groundPlayers were exposed regularly for long periods

of time

PurposeDetermine whether future research is necessary

on the safety of artificial turf See if there is abnormal regulation in the MAPK1

gene homolog after yeast is exposed to the synthetic turf field from Pine Crest School.

Methods Since human and vertebrate animals were not an option, I chose yeast

as my medium. Curious if a chemical was leeched out of the turf after exposure to

realistic field conditions Approximately 8 hours of sunlight a day, so exposed water with turf in it

to sunlight for 8 hours Field known to get to 140 degrees F, so heated water with turf in it at

that temperature for an hour YPD media will be created with the water that was soaked in turf pellets Cell growth in the YPD media for 18 hours RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis PCR

Experimental groupsControlOnly turfSun 1 and turfSun 2 and turfHeat 1 and turfHeat 2 and turfSun and heat 1 and turfSun and heat 2 and turf

Data

MAPK1 TDH1

CONTROL

JUST TURF

SUN1

SUN 2

HEAT 1

HEAT 2

SUN+HEAT 1

SUN+HEAT

2

CONTROL

JUSTTURF

SUN1

SUN 2

HEAT 1

HEAT

2

SUN+HEAT1

SUN+HEAT2

Discussion of first trialMAPK1 homolog is downregulated only in sun

and heat 1, sun and heat 2, and slightly in heat 2

Normal function: inhibit invasive growth, involved in signal transduction pathways, regulating filamentous growth, and phosphorylating TEC1p, a gene that helps inhibit invasive growth

When downregulated, invasive growth could occur.

Second trialPurpose: determine if age of turf makes a difference Used turf from a field (Sand Pine) that was 5 years

old this time in addition to the 1 year old turf from my school

Saw only combination of sun and heat caused the turf to downregulate

Planning on testing more genes this time alsoSame procedure but heat and sun was used for all

experimental groups

GroupsControlJust PC turfJust SP turfPC sun and heat 1PC sun and heat 2SP sun and heat 1SP sun and heat 2

RNA confirmation test for second trial

Column1 MockCONT

CONT w/ PC Turf

CONT w/SP turf

PC S+H 1

PC S+H 2

SP S+H 1

SP S+H 2

RNA conc (ng/µL) 5675.8

2247.6 5595 2102.7

3563.3 967.3

4244.2 918.6

1:10 DF 567.58224.

76 559.5 210.27356.3

3 96.7424.4

2 91.86RNA (µL) 1 2.45 1 2.6 1.55 5.7 1.3 6H2O (µL) 5 3.55 5 3.4 4.45 0.3 4.7 0

FINAL 567.58550.

66 559.5 546.702552.3

1551.1

9551.7

5551.1

6

FINAL/µL 94.691.7

8 93.25 91.12 92.0591.86

591.95

8 91.86

RNA Standardization

TDH 1

MOCK

PC TURF

SP TURF

PC S+H

1

PCS+H2

SPS+H1

SP S+H2

CONTROL

Hypothesis on future research:

TEP1 – homolog of human tumor suppressor gene, checks growth of cells, shown to be down regulated in cancers

CDK2- regulates the S phase of mitosis, shown to be up regulated in breast cancer

MAPK1- discussed previously

References https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRWyC4cs00cTLDjIItoZFfG

l6yCAycDI49ZXTnFt5R2ONwAGLjnxw

http://static1.squarespace.com/static/54402fd8e4b0e6f12d48c272/54414133e4b0c2fe87492adc/54414133e4b0c2fe87492f13/1413562974228/yearly+maint+labor+cost.jpg

http://media2.s-nbcnews.com/j/newscms/2014_43/707411/141008-amy-griffin-jms-1722_d09bbe07e4dbc03f7645187371c75911.nbcnews-fp-1240-520.jpg

http://www.ehhi.org/reports/turf/health_effects.shtml#b

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/8872.html