development theories
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“The humble latrine reduces disease by twice as
much as just putting in clean water.”
“I'd grown up thinking that a toilet was my right,
when in fact it's a privilege — 2.5 billion people
worldwide have no adequate toilet.”
- Rose George, Lets Talk Crap: Seriously, Ted Talk, 2013
Learning Objective
By the end of this lesson I will…
Understand the theories that have been put forward to explain the widening development gap between nations
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Models Population Change
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
What
causes
the Death
Rate to
drop?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
What
causes
the Death
Rate to
drop?Why does Birth Rate reduction lag?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
What
causes
the Death
Rate to
drop?Why does Birth Rate reduction lag?
What causes the Stage 5 decline?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
What
causes
the Death
Rate to
drop?Why does Birth Rate reduction lag?
What causes the Stage 5 decline?Have we
now
reached
stage 6?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Is the
Demographic
Transition Model
Eurocentric
?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Is the
Demographic
Transition Model
Eurocentric
?Can we accurately say which
stage non-European countries
are in?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Is the
Demographic
Transition Model
Eurocentric
?Can we accurately say which
stage non-European countries
are in?
How would China’s one child
policy fit the demographic
transition model?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Is the
Demographic
Transition Model
Eurocentric
?Can we accurately say which
stage non-European countries
are in?
How would China’s one child
policy fit the demographic
transition model?
What about Turkey?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
What about Turkey?
“In May 2012, Turkey's Prime
Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan
argued that abortion is murder and
announced that legislative
preparations to severely limit the
practice are underway. Prior to this
move, Erdogan had repeatedly
demanded that each couple have
at least three children.”
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
What about Turkey?
“In May 2012, Turkey's Prime
Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan
argued that abortion is murder and
announced that legislative
preparations to severely limit the
practice are underway. Prior to this
move, Erdogan had repeatedly
demanded that each couple have at
least three children.”
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
There is a correlation between
andDemographic Transition
IndustrialisationBut it remains unclear which
one causes the other
The Demographic Model makes
a useful means on comparison but
cautiouslymust be deployedas with all development indicators
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Rostow’s Modelis said to be so simple
you can draw it in under
One Minute
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Rostow’s Modelis said to be so simple
you can draw it in under
One Minute
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Let’s Try
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Match the Economic and Social and Political
System to the correct stage of the model
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Match the Economic and Social and Political
System to the correct stage of the model
Social Stratification
Stagnant and Static Society
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Match the Economic and Social and Political
System to the correct stage of the model
Social Stratification
New Social and Political Elite
Stagnant and Static Society
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Match the Economic and Social and Political
System to the correct stage of the model
Social Stratification
New Social and Political Elite
Stagnant and Static Society
Social, Political and
institutional change
favours dynamic growth
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Match the Economic and Social and Political
System to the correct stage of the model
Social Stratification
New Social and Political Elite
Decreasing social equality
Stagnant and Static Society
Social, Political and
institutional change
favours dynamic growth
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Match the Economic and Social and Political
System to the correct stage of the model
Social Stratification
New Social and Political Elite
Decreasing social equality
Stagnant and Static Society
Welfare Capitalism
Social, Political and
institutional change
favours dynamic growth
InternationalPower
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Match the Economic and Social and Political
System to the correct stage of the model
Social Stratification
New Social and Political Elite
Decreasing social equality
Stagnant and Static Society
Welfare Capitalism
Basic Subsistence
Agriculture and Craft Industries
Social, Political and
institutional change
favours dynamic growth
InternationalPower
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Match the Economic and Social and Political
System to the correct stage of the model
Social Stratification
New Social and Political Elite
Decreasing social equality
Stagnant and Static Society
Welfare Capitalism
Basic Subsistence
Agriculture and Craft Industries
Export Mining and
Cash Cropping
Social, Political and
institutional change
favours dynamic growth
InternationalPower
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Match the Economic and Social and Political
System to the correct stage of the model
Social Stratification
New Social and Political Elite
Decreasing social equality
Stagnant and Static Society
Welfare Capitalism
Basic Subsistence
Agriculture and Craft Industries
Beginning of one or more
manufacturing industries
Export Mining and
Cash Cropping
Social, Political and
institutional change
favours dynamic growth
InternationalPower
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Match the Economic and Social and Political
System to the correct stage of the model
Social Stratification
New Social and Political Elite
Decreasing social equality
Stagnant and Static Society
Welfare Capitalism
Basic Subsistence
Agriculture and Craft Industries
Beginning of one or more
manufacturing industries
Growth to all sectors
of the economy
Export Mining and
Cash Cropping
Social, Political and
institutional change
favours dynamic growth
InternationalPower
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Match the Economic and Social and Political
System to the correct stage of the model
Social Stratification
New Social and Political Elite
Decreasing social equality
Stagnant and Static Society
Welfare Capitalism
Basic Subsistence
Agriculture and Craft Industries
Beginning of one or more
manufacturing industries
Growth to all sectors
of the economyService
Industries
Durable consumer Industries
Export Mining and
Cash Cropping
Social, Political and
institutional change
favours dynamic growth
InternationalPower
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Is Rostow’s Model
of Development
Eurocentric
?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Is Rostow’s Model
of Development
Eurocentric
?Can we accurately say which
stage non-European countries
are in?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Is Rostow’s Model
of Development
Eurocentric
?Can we accurately say which
stage non-European countries
are in?
How would China’s planned
economy fit Rostow’s model of
Development?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Is Rostow’s Model
of Development
Eurocentric
?Can we accurately say which
stage non-European countries
are in?
How would China’s planned
economy fit Rostow’s model of
Development?
How would the UK’s austerity
driven welfare reforms fit
Rostow’s model?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Can we predict the stage
in Rostow’s model using only
GDP per Capita?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Why is Rostow’s Model
of Economic Development considered
a structured model when
compared with
Alexander Gerschenkron’s
Backwardness Model?
Research Task
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Economic growth without social progress lets the great majority of people remain in poverty, while a
privileged few reap the benefits of rising abundance.
John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) Thirty-fifth President of the USA
Rostow’sModel
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Political Models examine the impact
of Development on
Equality
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
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Neo-Liberalism Populism Marxism
Greater Inequality Greater Equality
Free markets, privatisation,
rich get richer, poor get poorer
Supports the people againstsocieties elite
Seeks to remove all
existing socialclasses andeconomic inequality
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Does
Rostow’s
Model
explain this?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Gundar Frank’s theory suggested
that Developed Countries like
the
USAcontrol and exploit
less developed
satellite areas
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Friedmann developed this into the
Core-Peripherymodel of development
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
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PoliticalDimensions
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Core and Periphery regions are identifiable from their involvement in world trade
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Core-Peripherymodel of development stresses that
countries do not develop
The
independently
of one another
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Core-Peripherymodel of development stresses that
countries do not develop
The
independently
of one another
And that a Global Perspectiverather than a national perspective
is needed for social analysis
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
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PoliticalDimensions
Human Development Index 2008
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Human Development Index 2008
Is the Core-Periphery
Model supported by
HDI Data?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
How robust is the Core-Periphery
Model in explaining the
Development Gap?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
How robust is the Core-Periphery
Model in explaining the
Development Gap?
Does it focus
exclusively on
economy instead of
cultural development?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
How robust is the Core-Periphery
Model in explaining the
Development Gap?
Does it focus
exclusively on
economy instead of
cultural development?
Does it make any
recognition of
development in
gender equality?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
How robust is the Core-Periphery
Model in explaining the
Development Gap?
Does it focus
exclusively on
economy instead of
cultural development?
Does it make any
recognition of
development in
gender equality?
Can the
development gap
be explained
solely by
exploitation of the
periphery by the
core?
Rostow’sModel
Demographic Transition
World-SystemsModels
PoliticalDimensions
Outline the characteristics of the
core, periphery, semi-peripheral and
external areas as defined by the Core-
Periphery Model
Research Task
Learning Objective
At the end of this lesson I can…
Understand the theories that have been put forward to explain the widening development gap between nations
Research TasksWhy is Rostow’s Model of Economic
Development considered a structured model when compared with Alexander
Gerschenkron’s Backwardness Model?
These slides, video links, and further support will be shared
@WhitehavenGeog
Outline the characteristics of the core, periphery, semi-peripheral and external areas as defined by
the Core-Periphery Model
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