democratization in libya

Democratization in Libya

Pastrana, Mary Grace B.IV-BSITE

HISTORY• How and when it

started?• When Muammar Gaddafi’s Administration (1969 to 2011) brought down.

• Died on October 20, 2011 during the Battle at Sirte

HISTORY

ANTI-GADAFFI FORCES• National Transitional Council

- Feb. 27, 2011

• NATO forces intervened

- March 21, 2011

HISTORY

• Turnout at 62% of registered voters

• 2.8 million registered voters from around 3-3.5 million eligible

• 374 party lists

• 559 women registered for party seats (44%)

(source: The UN and the Libyan Electoral High Commission)

• In July 2012, Libyans voted in its first national election

HISTORY• National Forces Alliance,

led by ex-interim Prime Minister Mahmoud Jibril

Justice and Construction PartyLibyan Muslim Brotherhood of Mohamed Sawan

National Front Partya liberal group led by an intellectual Mohamed el-Magariaf

Most powerful forces:

HISTORY

• Ali Zeidan, Prime Minister of Libya( a former diplomat who abandoned Gaddafi’s forces in the

1980s)

• Mohammed Magarief, Libya's head of state

• Total Area: 1,759,540 sq km• Population: 6,002,347 (July 2013 est)

• Religon: Sunni Muslim 97%Other 3%

DEMOGRAPHICS

Location:Northern Africa,

bordering the Mediterranean

Sea, between Egypt Egypt and Tunisia

DEMOGRAPHICS

Who are the parties

involved?

DEMOGRAPHICS

Muammar Guaddafi Anti-Gaddafi Forces

NATO Forces International Criminal

Court

ECONOMIC FACTORS

ECONOMIC FACTORS

• Libya sits on the biggest reserves of oil in Africa.

• Oil and gas production account for: 65 % of the country’s GDP, 96 % of exports, and 98 % of government revenues

ECONOMIC FACTORS

• Current Unemployment Rate: 30%

• Majority of those employed are working in the public sector and the government

hopes to reduce this by relocating workers into the private sector.

POLITICAL GROUPS

• National Forces Alliance

• Justice and Construction Party (Libyan Muslim Brotherhood)

• National Front Party

POLITICAL FACTORS

• (Election was held )

General National Congress

to replace NTC.

• NTC officially dissolved.

• July 7, 2012

• August 8, 2012

POLITICAL FACTORS• National Transitional Council

issued a Constitutional Declaration.

• August 3, 2011 (37 articles)• A 01-06 : Libya as a State• A 07-15: Civil rights and Public Freedom• A 16-29: Operation of the Government• A 30-32: Judiciary• A 33-37: Conclusive Provisions

PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS

Relationship between Libya and

UK Higher Education• TVET UK signed an Memorandum of

Understanding (MoU) with Libyan Board.“to help build the necessary and appropriate industrial trades and technical skills capability and capacity for current and future of Libya”

PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS

Relationship between Libya and

UK Higher Education

• Training for Libya’s young population. (70 percent are under the age of 30)

PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS

• Includes 160 Libyan expertso Get rid of subjects like Al-Mujtama Al

Jamahariya (studying of “green book”)o Changes in geography subjecto Add Islamic Consciosness Subject

Rewriting of Curriculum

PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS

• Language Training

7,009 Libyans studying overseas at the tertiary level in 2010 (UK, Malaysia, US,

France, Canada)

• Libyans Studying Abroad

PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS

Scholarship Programs

Overseas scholarship program (Libyan Committee for Higher Education)

Libyan-North American Scholarship Program (Canadian Bureau for

International Education )

PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS

• Libya is also developing information technology infrastructures:o to better connect universities, ando provide access to academic research

databases.

RELIGION• Religious Freedom

• Islam• Christians• Catholics• Anglicans

Thank you

Pastrana, Mary Grace B.IV-BSITE