define and measure problem overview of the basic approaches to the recognition, measurement, and...

Define and Measure Problem

Overview of the Basic Approaches to the Recognition, Measurement, and Control of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders

1Revised 3/06

Organization of the Rule

Subpart A - Purpose Subpart B - Scope Subpart C - Forms and recording criteria Subpart D - Other requirements Subpart E - Reporting to the government Subpart F - Transition Subpart G - Definitions

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Recording Criteria

Subpart C - Recordkeeping Forms and Recording Criteria 1904.4 Recording criteria 1904.5 Work-relatedness 1904.6 New case 1904.7 General recording criteria 1904.8 Needlesticks and sharps 1904.9 Medical removal 1904.10 Hearing loss 1904.11 Tuberculosis 1904.29 Forms

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1904.4 – Recording Criteria

Covered employers must record each fatality, injury or illness that: is work-related, and is a new case, andmeets one or more of the criteria contained

in sections 1904.7 through 1904.11.

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1904.29 - Forms

OSHA Form 300, Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses

OSHA Form 300A, Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses

OSHA Form 301, Injury and Illness Incident Report

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Incidence Rates

N

Hours workedRate per 100full time workers =

Formula for calculation

x 200,000

Injury Analysis

Frequency (Total Recordable Case Rate) Severity (DART Rate)

Upper Extremity WMSDs Tendon Disorders

Tendonitis Tenosynovitis Lateral Epicondylitis Medial Epicondylitis Ganglion Cysts

Nerve Disorders Nerve entrapments Carpel Tunnel Syndrome

Neurovascular Disorder Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Location of Upper Extremity Disorders

Overview of Symptoms

Ganglion Cyst Synovial sheath swells and holds fluid Often seen in the wrist as a bump

Epicondylitis (lateral and medial) Unsheathed tendons become irritated Pain that extends from elbow through forearm

Overview of Symptoms

Tenosynovitis Swelling of the synovial sheath Pain and swelling

Tendonitis Tendon becomes inflamed Pain, swelling, weakness, tenderness

Overview of Symptoms

Nerve entrapmentsCarpel tunnel syndrome

Swelling of the tendons in the wrist area that place pressure on the median nerve

Symptoms include pain, numbness, and tingling of the hand (thumb and first 3 digits)

Overview of Symptoms Neurovascular disorders

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Compression of the nerves and blood vessels of

the neck and shoulder Symptoms like CTS extending up the arm

Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome Disorder of the small vessels and nerves of the

fingers and hand Results from vibrating hand tools Localized blanching at the fingertips with

numbness on exposure to cold or vibration

Back Pain

2nd leading ailment that affects the 25–50 age group

Back injuries account for ~ 20% of all workplace injuries and illnesses

Costs $20-50 billion a year

The Spinal Column

•7 cervical vertebrae

•12 thoracic vertebrae

•5 lumbar vertebrae

•5 sacral vertebrae

•4 coccygeal vertebrae

The BasicsTwo Basic Structures

1. Vertebrae

2. Discs

Injuries of the Back

Pinched nervesStatic postures, improper postureAcute trauma

Pulled MusclesHeavy lifting Improper lifting technique

Symptoms of Back Pain

Pain (dull, consistent and sharp) Numbness Tingling Aching

What if I do not have MSDs

www.bls.gov

A Proactive Problem-Solving Approach

1. Look for Clues

2. Prioritize Job Improvements

3. Make Improvements

4. Follow-Up

Body Part Discomfort Map

Body Part Discomfort Map

Body Part Discomfort Map

Look for Clues – Observe Work Activities

o Physical Work Risk Factorso Lifting/forceful movements, awkward postures, whole body vibration

o Unnecessary handling of materials

o Symptomatic Worker Behaviorso Fatigue, discomfort, ‘pain behaviors’, etc.

o Increased absenteeism, turnover rates or complaints and reduced

morale

o Workplace Design Issueso Are workers modifying tools, equipment, or workstations on their own?

o Malfunctioning equipment

o Productivity Issueso Production bottlenecks, reduced level of quality, missed deadlines,

increase in waste/scrap, etc.

Look for Clues – Use Assessment Tools

o Checklistso General Ergonomics Evaluations

o Risk Factor / Activity Specific

o Task Analyses

Early Detection Program