computer builds and overclocking: lecture 3 cpus
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Carnegie Mellon University
NFS: Computer Builds and Overclocking
Instructors:John Levidy and Alex Soto
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Central Processing Units
Purpose
History
Manufacture
Selection
Today’s Lecture
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Math!
What does it do?
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IntelProcessorHistory.pdf
History
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Video!
From Sand to Chip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GQmtITMdas
How is it made?
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Micro Architecture! (most important)
Clock rate
Process Technology
Caches
Thermal Design Power
Specifications
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P6 -- Used in Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium II Xeon, Pentium III, and Pentium III Xeon microprocessors
NetBurst -- Used in Pentium 4, Pentium D, and some Xeon microprocessors. Commonly referred to as P7 although its internal name was P68 (P7 was used for Itanium). Later revisions were the first to feature Intel's x86-64 architecture.
Pentium M -- Updated version of Pentium III's P6 microarchitecture designed from the ground up for mobile computing
Enhanced Pentium M -- Updated, dual core version of the Pentium M microarchitecture used in Core microprocessors.
Intel Micro Architectures
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Core -- Rearchitected, P6-based, microarchitecture used in Core 2 and Xeon microprocessors, built on a 65nm process.
Penryn -- 45nm shrink of the Core microarchitecture with larger cache, faster FSB and clock speeds, and SSE4.1 instructions.
Nehalem -- Released 11.17.2008, built on a 45nm process and used in the Core i7 and Core i5 microprocessors.[1]
Westmere -- 32nm shrink of the Nehalem microarchitecture with several new features.
Sandy Bridge -- Future Intel microarchitecture, expected around Q1 2011, based on a 32nm process. Formerly called Gesher but renamed in 2007. [2]
Ivy Bridge -- 22nm shrink of the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture, expected around 2011.
Intel Micro Architectures
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Sometimes, but not always
Programs are not always able to take advantage
So more cores = better?
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A set of programs, or other operations, used to assess the performance of a component relative to comparable products.
Each benchmark is more apt at describing the performance of a specific functionality of the component.
Benchmarks
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3D Mark is a benchmark that renders and displays a video on screen.
Depending on the smoothness and quality of the video displayed, a “CPU score” and a “Graphics Score” are given.
Distinction, lowres settings, etc.
3DMark06
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Whetstone - Assess the pure power of a CPU in terms of Floating Point Operations Per Second (FLOPS).
Dhrystone – Assess power of a computer in terms of loops through dhrystone code per second. All integer operations.
Dhrystone, Whetstone
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CPU Gaming Benchmarks are often done with some of the most recent games.
Significance of a CPU Gaming Benchmark, oxymoron?
Gaming Benchmarks
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File Conversion
Photoshop
Sandra Suite
DivX Playback
Video Rendering
Specific Applications
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