Carnegie Mellon University

NFS: Computer Builds and Overclocking

Instructors:John Levidy and Alex Soto

Carnegie Mellon

Carnegie Mellon University

Central Processing Units

Purpose

History

Manufacture

Selection

Today’s Lecture

Carnegie Mellon

Carnegie Mellon University

Math!

What does it do?

Carnegie Mellon University

IntelProcessorHistory.pdf

History

Carnegie Mellon University

Video!

From Sand to Chip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GQmtITMdas

How is it made?

Carnegie Mellon University

Micro Architecture! (most important)

Clock rate

Process Technology

Caches

Thermal Design Power

Specifications

Carnegie Mellon University

P6 -- Used in Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium II Xeon, Pentium III, and Pentium III Xeon microprocessors

NetBurst -- Used in Pentium 4, Pentium D, and some Xeon microprocessors. Commonly referred to as P7 although its internal name was P68 (P7 was used for Itanium). Later revisions were the first to feature Intel's x86-64 architecture.

Pentium M -- Updated version of Pentium III's P6 microarchitecture designed from the ground up for mobile computing

Enhanced Pentium M -- Updated, dual core version of the Pentium M microarchitecture used in Core microprocessors.

Intel Micro Architectures

Carnegie Mellon University

Core -- Rearchitected, P6-based, microarchitecture used in Core 2 and Xeon microprocessors, built on a 65nm process.

Penryn -- 45nm shrink of the Core microarchitecture with larger cache, faster FSB and clock speeds, and SSE4.1 instructions.

Nehalem -- Released 11.17.2008, built on a 45nm process and used in the Core i7 and Core i5 microprocessors.[1]

Westmere -- 32nm shrink of the Nehalem microarchitecture with several new features.

Sandy Bridge -- Future Intel microarchitecture, expected around Q1 2011, based on a 32nm process. Formerly called Gesher but renamed in 2007. [2]

Ivy Bridge -- 22nm shrink of the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture, expected around 2011.

Intel Micro Architectures

Carnegie Mellon University

Sometimes, but not always

Programs are not always able to take advantage

So more cores = better?

Carnegie Mellon University

A set of programs, or other operations, used to assess the performance of a component relative to comparable products.

Each benchmark is more apt at describing the performance of a specific functionality of the component.

Benchmarks

Carnegie Mellon University

3D Mark is a benchmark that renders and displays a video on screen.

Depending on the smoothness and quality of the video displayed, a “CPU score” and a “Graphics Score” are given.

Distinction, lowres settings, etc.

3DMark06

Carnegie Mellon University

Whetstone - Assess the pure power of a CPU in terms of Floating Point Operations Per Second (FLOPS).

Dhrystone – Assess power of a computer in terms of loops through dhrystone code per second. All integer operations.

Dhrystone, Whetstone

Carnegie Mellon University

CPU Gaming Benchmarks are often done with some of the most recent games.

Significance of a CPU Gaming Benchmark, oxymoron?

Gaming Benchmarks

Carnegie Mellon University

File Conversion

Photoshop

Sandra Suite

DivX Playback

Video Rendering

Specific Applications