civil war review. the events leading to the conflict
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Civil War Review
The Events Leading to the Conflict
Compromise of 1850
• Actually 5 separate bills
• California would enter Union as a _________
• New Mexico & Utah were created
– _________________ would decided slavery issue
• ______________ ended in Washington D.C.
• ______________________ enacted
– Fees encouraged commissioners to certify
runaways
– No jury trials allowed
Kansas - Nebraska
• In 1854, the __________________ was introduced by Stephen Douglas
• Called for:– Kansas and Nebraska to be created– Slavery question again determined by
popular sovereignty– The _________________ prohibiting
slavery in Louisiana was erased
Bleeding Kansas• Northern free soilers, _______________&
pro-slavery settlers from Missouri invade
Kansas
• Pro-slavery forces win control of
______________ & enact severe slave code
• Violence erupts necessitating the calling in of
federal troops
• _____________ attacks Pottawatomie Creek
The Dred Scott Decision
• Test case brought forth by anti-slavery groups
• Basis - Scott’s owner had taken him to posts in ________________________– Therefore, he should be free
• Became the 1st freedom case to be heard by the ___________________
The Decision• Chief Justice Taney’s 1857 decision spoke for a
6 - 3 majority finding:
– Scott not a citizen, therefore has __________________
– Scott’s residing in a free state and territory did not make him free since he returned to Missouri
– ______________ had no right to prohibit slavery in a territory - this voided an act of Congress for only the second time
Harper’s Ferry1859
• John Brown seized the ______________ in an
attempt to insight a slave rebellion
• Religious _________ and ___________ crusader
• Brown was wounded, arrested and tried for
_________________________, among other
things, and was executed on December 2, 1859.
• Branded a __________ (think Osama) by the
South and a ____________ by the North
Politics of 1860
• Lincoln, a republican, wins election with just
under 40% of the popular vote but majority
of electoral vote (180)
• Secession began when _______________
adopted an Ordinance of Session on
December 20th.
• President Buchanan refused to “coerce” the
states even when secessionists began
__________________________
Secession
• By _____________________, 7 Southern states had seceded from the Union
• Lincoln's Speech emphasized his belief that the union was “perpetual”
• In addition he promised:– Not to interfere with slavery “in the States where it
exists”– But denied __________________– And vowed to preserve the Union in the face of
“insurrection”
Fighting Begins
• The Confederate government ordered General Beaureguard to deliver an ultimatum to federal troops occupying ________________
• Shots were fired and _________ later Sumter surrendered
• Lincoln called up 75,000 militia for __________ to “suppress” the rebellion
Northern Advantages
• _____________ white men of military age• Over 90% of nation’s ______________, including
heavy industry• Diverse agriculture which was able to greatly
expand (aka the west)• Greater amount of _____________• Superior transportation systems• Most of the _______________________• ______________ and ______________
governmental structures already in place
Southern Advantages• Vast geographic area that was:
– Familiar to __________ combatants– And would have to be invaded and conquered by
unfamiliar northern solders
• South had a strong _______________ (think the Citadel)
• Many veteran military leaders remained loyal to the South
• But the South was hampered by commitments to ____________________ which led to increased _______________ bickering
Economic Impact
• War contracts brought prosperity even though ___________________ did not match inflation
• Speculation, profiteering and corruption were widespread
• The South became more _____________, _____________ and _______________both politically and economically
• Northern factory workers became unionized and increasingly militant
1861 - 1863Southern Victories
• Manassas/Bull Run– ______________ - first initial major battle– Union soldiers and civilian spectators fled
to Washington – Lincoln called up _____________ troops
for 3 years– George McClellan became Union General-
in-Chief – The South under Lee successfully routed
the North again during the _____________ ___________________________
• Shenandoah Valley– Jackson successfully diverts Northern
troops from Richmond
• The West– Grant drove the Confederates from
Kentucky wining victories over Johnson at Forts Henry & Donelson in western Tennessee
• Heavy casualties were suffered by both sides at the battle of Shiloh
• Sharpsburg/Antietam
– Lee invaded Maryland in September 1862
in an attempt to bring the war North
– This engagement proved to be the
bloodiest day of fighting of the entire war
– McClellan failed to pursue Lee, however
Lincoln claimed “victory” and then
presented the Emancipation Proclamation
• A proclamation which only freed the slaves in the South
and NOT in the Union
• Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville
– December 1862, the Union suffered a serious defeat at the hands of General Lee
– In May of 1863, the Union again suffered a serious defeat at Chancellorsville
– Lee maneuvered brilliantly but lost possibly his most valued general - Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
– This loss proved to be the turning point of the war
1863 - 1865a Northern Turning Point
• Gettysburg -July 1-3, 1863– Lee moved north in an attempt to take both
_____________________________– Clashed by accident with the ________________
at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania– The North under the direction of General Pickett
implemented a new defensive advantage in the form of __________________________________
– The Army of Northern Virginia retreated however the union soldiers under General Meade failed to follow
• Vicksburg– Fell the day following Gettysburg
• _________________________
– Grant had besieged the city for 6 weeks before its fall
– With its fall, the CSA lost its supply route from the west - ____________________
• Tennessee– A series of Union victories opened the way for
_____________and his devastating offensive– Lincoln, who had been searching for an
aggressive general, found what he was looking for in ______________
– Grant was sent from the west to confront Lee in the east
• Georgia
– Sherman’s army invaded Georgia using his __________________________
– ___________ fell in September of 1864 after a month-long siege
– Sherman reached ____________by December 21, 1864 and continued on to take ______________ and invade ________________ by the end of the war
– Sherman became a hero to the North and a devil to the South after his ___________ _____________created a swath of ______________________ thru the South
• Virginia
– _________ pursued Lee’s army south into the heart of Virginia
– The fighting reached ________ after a series of battles
– outnumbered Lee’s army endured ______________ before abandoning the city
– At the same time Sherman was devastating the _____________
End of the War
• __________ was evacuated on April 2, 1865• By April 9th Lee’s Army, trapped and
depleted, surrender at Appomattox Court House
• ____________ was arrested a month later– By that time Lincoln had been assassinated by
John Wilkes Booth
• The remaining ___________________ surrendered by the end of the May effectively ending any remaining combat
Result of the War• More men were lost in this conflict than
in any other either before or since.
– _________ Northern men were killed while 275,000 were wounded
– __________ Southern men were killed with wounded numbering approximately 231,000
• For Perspective
– In 1860 the American population was about 30 million
• _________ men were killed during 1861 -1865
– During WWII the American poplation averaged 135 million
• ________ men were loss during 1941 - 1945
– This was less than 1/2 of the men killed in the Civil War or less than ______ of the population
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