civil war review. the events leading to the conflict
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Civil War Review
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The Events Leading to the Conflict
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Compromise of 1850
• Actually 5 separate bills
• California would enter Union as a _________
• New Mexico & Utah were created
– _________________ would decided slavery issue
• ______________ ended in Washington D.C.
• ______________________ enacted
– Fees encouraged commissioners to certify
runaways
– No jury trials allowed
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Kansas - Nebraska
• In 1854, the __________________ was introduced by Stephen Douglas
• Called for:– Kansas and Nebraska to be created– Slavery question again determined by
popular sovereignty– The _________________ prohibiting
slavery in Louisiana was erased
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Bleeding Kansas• Northern free soilers, _______________&
pro-slavery settlers from Missouri invade
Kansas
• Pro-slavery forces win control of
______________ & enact severe slave code
• Violence erupts necessitating the calling in of
federal troops
• _____________ attacks Pottawatomie Creek
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The Dred Scott Decision
• Test case brought forth by anti-slavery groups
• Basis - Scott’s owner had taken him to posts in ________________________– Therefore, he should be free
• Became the 1st freedom case to be heard by the ___________________
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The Decision• Chief Justice Taney’s 1857 decision spoke for a
6 - 3 majority finding:
– Scott not a citizen, therefore has __________________
– Scott’s residing in a free state and territory did not make him free since he returned to Missouri
– ______________ had no right to prohibit slavery in a territory - this voided an act of Congress for only the second time
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Harper’s Ferry1859
• John Brown seized the ______________ in an
attempt to insight a slave rebellion
• Religious _________ and ___________ crusader
• Brown was wounded, arrested and tried for
_________________________, among other
things, and was executed on December 2, 1859.
• Branded a __________ (think Osama) by the
South and a ____________ by the North
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Politics of 1860
• Lincoln, a republican, wins election with just
under 40% of the popular vote but majority
of electoral vote (180)
• Secession began when _______________
adopted an Ordinance of Session on
December 20th.
• President Buchanan refused to “coerce” the
states even when secessionists began
__________________________
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Secession
• By _____________________, 7 Southern states had seceded from the Union
• Lincoln's Speech emphasized his belief that the union was “perpetual”
• In addition he promised:– Not to interfere with slavery “in the States where it
exists”– But denied __________________– And vowed to preserve the Union in the face of
“insurrection”
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Fighting Begins
• The Confederate government ordered General Beaureguard to deliver an ultimatum to federal troops occupying ________________
• Shots were fired and _________ later Sumter surrendered
• Lincoln called up 75,000 militia for __________ to “suppress” the rebellion
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Northern Advantages
• _____________ white men of military age• Over 90% of nation’s ______________, including
heavy industry• Diverse agriculture which was able to greatly
expand (aka the west)• Greater amount of _____________• Superior transportation systems• Most of the _______________________• ______________ and ______________
governmental structures already in place
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Southern Advantages• Vast geographic area that was:
– Familiar to __________ combatants– And would have to be invaded and conquered by
unfamiliar northern solders
• South had a strong _______________ (think the Citadel)
• Many veteran military leaders remained loyal to the South
• But the South was hampered by commitments to ____________________ which led to increased _______________ bickering
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Economic Impact
• War contracts brought prosperity even though ___________________ did not match inflation
• Speculation, profiteering and corruption were widespread
• The South became more _____________, _____________ and _______________both politically and economically
• Northern factory workers became unionized and increasingly militant
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1861 - 1863Southern Victories
• Manassas/Bull Run– ______________ - first initial major battle– Union soldiers and civilian spectators fled
to Washington – Lincoln called up _____________ troops
for 3 years– George McClellan became Union General-
in-Chief – The South under Lee successfully routed
the North again during the _____________ ___________________________
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• Shenandoah Valley– Jackson successfully diverts Northern
troops from Richmond
• The West– Grant drove the Confederates from
Kentucky wining victories over Johnson at Forts Henry & Donelson in western Tennessee
• Heavy casualties were suffered by both sides at the battle of Shiloh
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• Sharpsburg/Antietam
– Lee invaded Maryland in September 1862
in an attempt to bring the war North
– This engagement proved to be the
bloodiest day of fighting of the entire war
– McClellan failed to pursue Lee, however
Lincoln claimed “victory” and then
presented the Emancipation Proclamation
• A proclamation which only freed the slaves in the South
and NOT in the Union
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• Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville
– December 1862, the Union suffered a serious defeat at the hands of General Lee
– In May of 1863, the Union again suffered a serious defeat at Chancellorsville
– Lee maneuvered brilliantly but lost possibly his most valued general - Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
– This loss proved to be the turning point of the war
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1863 - 1865a Northern Turning Point
• Gettysburg -July 1-3, 1863– Lee moved north in an attempt to take both
_____________________________– Clashed by accident with the ________________
at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania– The North under the direction of General Pickett
implemented a new defensive advantage in the form of __________________________________
– The Army of Northern Virginia retreated however the union soldiers under General Meade failed to follow
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• Vicksburg– Fell the day following Gettysburg
• _________________________
– Grant had besieged the city for 6 weeks before its fall
– With its fall, the CSA lost its supply route from the west - ____________________
• Tennessee– A series of Union victories opened the way for
_____________and his devastating offensive– Lincoln, who had been searching for an
aggressive general, found what he was looking for in ______________
– Grant was sent from the west to confront Lee in the east
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• Georgia
– Sherman’s army invaded Georgia using his __________________________
– ___________ fell in September of 1864 after a month-long siege
– Sherman reached ____________by December 21, 1864 and continued on to take ______________ and invade ________________ by the end of the war
– Sherman became a hero to the North and a devil to the South after his ___________ _____________created a swath of ______________________ thru the South
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• Virginia
– _________ pursued Lee’s army south into the heart of Virginia
– The fighting reached ________ after a series of battles
– outnumbered Lee’s army endured ______________ before abandoning the city
– At the same time Sherman was devastating the _____________
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End of the War
• __________ was evacuated on April 2, 1865• By April 9th Lee’s Army, trapped and
depleted, surrender at Appomattox Court House
• ____________ was arrested a month later– By that time Lincoln had been assassinated by
John Wilkes Booth
• The remaining ___________________ surrendered by the end of the May effectively ending any remaining combat
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Result of the War• More men were lost in this conflict than
in any other either before or since.
– _________ Northern men were killed while 275,000 were wounded
– __________ Southern men were killed with wounded numbering approximately 231,000
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• For Perspective
– In 1860 the American population was about 30 million
• _________ men were killed during 1861 -1865
– During WWII the American poplation averaged 135 million
• ________ men were loss during 1941 - 1945
– This was less than 1/2 of the men killed in the Civil War or less than ______ of the population