circulatory system

Circulatory Circulatory SystemSystem

Ch. 37.1-2

The HeartThe Heart

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels

ArteriesArteries Carries blood Carries blood awayaway from the from the

heart.heart.

Made of muscle tissue-very Made of muscle tissue-very

thickthick

(oxygen rich)(oxygen rich)

VeVeininss Carry blood Carry blood inin to the heart to the heart Not made of muscles-very Not made of muscles-very

thinthin Uses valves to keep blood Uses valves to keep blood

from flowing backfrom flowing back (oxygen poor)(oxygen poor)

CapillariesCapillaries Smallest blood Smallest blood

vesselsvessels ConnectConnect arteries and arteries and

veinsveins

Blood Vessels ConnectingBlood Vessels Connecting

Arteriole

endothelium

Valve

Venule

smooth muscle

connective tissue

smooth muscle

endothelium

connective tissue

endothelium

Capillaries

BBlloooodd

FFllooww

CirculationCirculation

Arteries-move Arteries-move blood away from blood away from heartheart

Veins-bring Veins-bring blood to heartblood to heart

O2 poor blood into

heart

O2 poor blood to the lungs

O2 rich blood

from the lungs into

heart

O2 rich blood to the body

VideosVideos

Blood Pump Song:Blood Pump Song: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8LK34ho

VpU&NR=1 Blood Flow in the Heart:Blood Flow in the Heart:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mH0QTWzU-xI

Open Heart Surgery:Open Heart Surgery: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zxqj1BcBpI

g

F.Y.I.F.Y.I.4-5 quarts of blood4-5 quarts of blood7-8% of human body weight7-8% of human body weightBlood ComponentsBlood Components

55% plasma55% plasma40-50% red blood cells40-50% red blood cells1% white blood cells1% white blood cells

Make up of Blood

FUNCTIONS of FUNCTIONS of BLOODBLOOD Transports nutrients and wastesTransports nutrients and wastes Distributes body heatDistributes body heat Delivers hormonesDelivers hormones Helps fight diseaseHelps fight disease

Blood CellsBlood Cells

Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells Carry oxygen to tissueCarry oxygen to tissue Remove Carbon Dioxide Remove Carbon Dioxide

from tissue from tissue Use hemoglobin & Iron to Use hemoglobin & Iron to

bind oxygenbind oxygen Lack nucleusLack nucleus High surface areaHigh surface area

White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells

Special cells that help fight Special cells that help fight infectioninfection

Many different typesMany different types Phagocytize foreign matterPhagocytize foreign matter Produce antibodiesProduce antibodies HIV attacks these cellsHIV attacks these cells

Leukocytes--WBCs

Leukocytes—White Blood Cells

PlateletsPlatelets

Special cells that cause Special cells that cause blood to clotblood to clot

Very small, fragment of Very small, fragment of RBCSRBCS

Release fibrinogen which Release fibrinogen which creates scabscreates scabs

Hemophilia- blood does not Hemophilia- blood does not clotclot

Scab formationScab formation

Platelets Fibrin

RBC’s

Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System

Lymphatic Lymphatic StructuresStructures

LymphLymph – fluid in lymph – fluid in lymph vesselsvessels

Lymph NodesLymph Nodes – – densely packed tissue densely packed tissue through which lymph through which lymph flows flows

TonsilsTonsils – filter & – filter & destroy bacteriadestroy bacteria

Thymus GlandThymus Gland – – produces hormones produces hormones essential for maturing essential for maturing WBCsWBCs

SpleenSpleen – removes worn – removes worn out RBCs, platelets & out RBCs, platelets & bacteria from bloodbacteria from blood

The Lymphatic The Lymphatic SystemSystem

“The bodies waste water treatment”“The bodies waste water treatment” Functions:Functions:1.1. Stores, circulates & Stores, circulates &

produces WBCs for produces WBCs for Immune SystemImmune System

2.2. Returns fluid Returns fluid (plasma) that (plasma) that leaked out of leaked out of capillaries back to capillaries back to blood streamblood stream

3. Collects intercellular 3. Collects intercellular fluid & cleans it fluid & cleans it before returning it before returning it to the blood streamto the blood stream

Blood TypesBlood TypesInheritedInherited proteins on proteins on the red blood cells-the red blood cells-called called antigensantigens

- and +- and + are also are also inherited; called inherited; called Rh Rh factorfactor

Human Blood Groups - multiple alleles1. ABO Blood Groups

a. Type A: A antigen, IA IA or IA I

b. Type B: B antigen, IB IB or IB I

c. Type AB: both A&B antigens, IA IB

d. Type O: no antigens, ii

Blood Type TransfusionsBlood Type Transfusions

Phenotype(Blood Type

GenotypeAntigen on

Red Blood CellSafe Transfusions

To

From

From

O type—universal donor (can donate blood to anyone)AB type—universal recipient (can receive blood from anyone)

2. Rh Blood Groups - dominancea. Rh+: has antigen

b. Rh-: no antigen, recessive

O Positive O Positive 38%38%A Positive A Positive 34%34%

B Positive B Positive 9%9%O Negative O Negative 7%7%A Negative A Negative 6%6%AB Positive AB Positive 3%3%B Negative B Negative 2%2%AB Negative AB Negative 1%1%

Anemia Anemia = = iron deficiencyiron deficiency which causes poor oxygen which causes poor oxygen transporttransport

Sickle-cell diseaseSickle-cell disease = = misshape of RBCmisshape of RBC which which causes clotting- inheritedcauses clotting- inherited

Leukemia Leukemia = = cancer ofcancer of WBC’sWBC’s

Blood Disorders