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© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
The World of Music7th Connect edition
Part 4Listening to Western
Classical Music
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period
(Nineteenth Century)
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Attributes of the Romantic Period
Revolution Capitalism Emotion Imagination A Desire to be
Different Nationalism
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Changes in Musical Life Patronage System in Decline
Composers must Promote Themselves Creates need for:
Concert Managers (Impresarios) Music Publishers Music Critics
Virtuosi Become Celebrities Much Music too Difficult for Amateurs Creates need for Teachers
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Absolute and Program Music Absolute
Classical Music for its own sake No intended imagery Characteristic of:
Sonata Symphony Concerto
Program Depicts:
Moods Images Stories Characters
Reflects interest in poetry
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Characteristics of Romantic Music Programmatic Lyrical Melodies Chromaticism Dissonance Emotional Complex Rhythms
Syncopated Irregular
Bigger (and more Varied) Orchestras
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Forms of the Romantic Period Sonata Common, but less Strict Symphonic Poem Stage Forms
Overture Prelude Suite Incidental Music
Many Different Chamber Groups
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Opera in the Romantic Period Composers
Verdi Wagner Rossini Puccini Richard Strauss
Great Variety in Size and Subjects Romantic Operas Still Performed Today
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Ballet Originally Part of
Opera Features Dancing
Solo Ensemble
Famous Tchaikovsky Ballets Sleeping Beauty Swan Lake The Nutcracker
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Keyboard Music New Miniature Forms
Character Pieces Solo (Voice) Song with
Piano Expressive Lyrical and Dramatic Technically
Demanding
Chopin Miniature Forms Impromptu Nocturne Mazurka Polonaise Prelude Waltz Étude
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Songs Solo Voice with Piano Usually Short Schubert
Wrote over 600 Songs Frequently used words of German Poets
Highly Expressive Often Strophic
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Johannes Brahms (1833–1897) German Traditionalist Traits of his Music
Passionate Introspective Rich/Dark Lyrical Complex Rhythms Intricate Polyphony Mostly Absolute
Output 4 Symphonies 1 Violin Concerto 2 Piano Concertos Much Chamber Music Sonatas
Piano Cello Violin Clarinet
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Frédéric Chopin (1810–1849) Polish Pianist Unique Compositional
Style Elaborate Decorative
Melodies Colorful, Dissonant
Harmonies Extreme Rubato
Output Many Miniatures 3 Piano Sonatas 2 Piano Concertos
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847) German Wealthy Family Widely Traveled Traditional (Classical)
Style
Well-Known Pieces “Scotch” Symphony “Italian” Symphony Elijah Oratorio Violin Concerto in E
Minor Hebrides Overture Midsummer Night’s
Dream Incidental Music
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Franz Schubert (1797–1828) Prolific Song
Composer Struggled with poverty
and illness Style
Great variety Lyrical melodies Colorful harmonies Great sensitivity to
poetic texts
Output 600 + Lieder 2 Song Cycles 9 Symphonies 22 Piano Sonatas Miniatures Chamber Pieces Choral Works
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Pyotr I’yich Tchaikovsky (1840–1893) Russian Influences
Russian Folk Songs Italian Opera French Ballet German
Symphonies/Songs Style
Tuneful Accessible Emotional
Output 6 Symphonies Concertos
Violin Piano
Ballets Swan Lake Sleeping Beauty The Nutcracker
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901) Italian Known for Opera
Unhappy Tragic Endings
Invited to open Carnegie Hall
Style Conventional Harmonies Predictable Rhythms Superb Melodies Theatrical
Representative Works Opera
Rigoletto La Traviata Il Trovatore Aida
Choral Te Deum Requiem
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Richard Wagner (1813–1883) German Revolutionary His Music Drama had
equal portions of: Music Drama Poetry Stagecraft
Style Symphonic Strong Brass Leitmotiv Colorful Wrote own Libretti
Music Dramas The Ring of the
Nibelung Tristan and Isolde
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Other Romantic Composers Hector Berlioz Antonin Dvořák Edvard Grieg Franz Liszt Gustav Mahler Giacomo Puccini Sergei Rachmaninoff
Nicolay Rimsky-Korsakov
Gioachino Rossini Robert Schumann Bedřich Smetana Richard Strauss
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Chapter Summary Why do you think Romantic Period music is so
much more popular than modern classical music? What can you learn by listening to a piece
multiple times? Do you think the emotional language of Western
music is universally human or culturally learned? Would a Brahms symphony communicate the same emotions to a rural Chinese farmer that it does to you?
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)
Image Credits Slide 2 Royalty-Free/CORBIS Slide 8 © Digital Vision
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