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The World of Music7th Connect edition

Part 4Listening to Western

Classical Music

Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period

(Nineteenth Century)

Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

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Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

Attributes of the Romantic Period

Revolution Capitalism Emotion Imagination A Desire to be

Different Nationalism

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Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

Changes in Musical Life Patronage System in Decline

Composers must Promote Themselves Creates need for:

Concert Managers (Impresarios) Music Publishers Music Critics

Virtuosi Become Celebrities Much Music too Difficult for Amateurs Creates need for Teachers

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Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

Absolute and Program Music Absolute

Classical Music for its own sake No intended imagery Characteristic of:

Sonata Symphony Concerto

Program Depicts:

Moods Images Stories Characters

Reflects interest in poetry

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Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

Characteristics of Romantic Music Programmatic Lyrical Melodies Chromaticism Dissonance Emotional Complex Rhythms

Syncopated Irregular

Bigger (and more Varied) Orchestras

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Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

Forms of the Romantic Period Sonata Common, but less Strict Symphonic Poem Stage Forms

Overture Prelude Suite Incidental Music

Many Different Chamber Groups

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Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

Opera in the Romantic Period Composers

Verdi Wagner Rossini Puccini Richard Strauss

Great Variety in Size and Subjects Romantic Operas Still Performed Today

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Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

Ballet Originally Part of

Opera Features Dancing

Solo Ensemble

Famous Tchaikovsky Ballets Sleeping Beauty Swan Lake The Nutcracker

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Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

Keyboard Music New Miniature Forms

Character Pieces Solo (Voice) Song with

Piano Expressive Lyrical and Dramatic Technically

Demanding

Chopin Miniature Forms Impromptu Nocturne Mazurka Polonaise Prelude Waltz Étude

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Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

Songs Solo Voice with Piano Usually Short Schubert

Wrote over 600 Songs Frequently used words of German Poets

Highly Expressive Often Strophic

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Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

Johannes Brahms (1833–1897) German Traditionalist Traits of his Music

Passionate Introspective Rich/Dark Lyrical Complex Rhythms Intricate Polyphony Mostly Absolute

Output 4 Symphonies 1 Violin Concerto 2 Piano Concertos Much Chamber Music Sonatas

Piano Cello Violin Clarinet

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Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

Frédéric Chopin (1810–1849) Polish Pianist Unique Compositional

Style Elaborate Decorative

Melodies Colorful, Dissonant

Harmonies Extreme Rubato

Output Many Miniatures 3 Piano Sonatas 2 Piano Concertos

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Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847) German Wealthy Family Widely Traveled Traditional (Classical)

Style

Well-Known Pieces “Scotch” Symphony “Italian” Symphony Elijah Oratorio Violin Concerto in E

Minor Hebrides Overture Midsummer Night’s

Dream Incidental Music

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Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

Franz Schubert (1797–1828) Prolific Song

Composer Struggled with poverty

and illness Style

Great variety Lyrical melodies Colorful harmonies Great sensitivity to

poetic texts

Output 600 + Lieder 2 Song Cycles 9 Symphonies 22 Piano Sonatas Miniatures Chamber Pieces Choral Works

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Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

Pyotr I’yich Tchaikovsky (1840–1893) Russian Influences

Russian Folk Songs Italian Opera French Ballet German

Symphonies/Songs Style

Tuneful Accessible Emotional

Output 6 Symphonies Concertos

Violin Piano

Ballets Swan Lake Sleeping Beauty The Nutcracker

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Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901) Italian Known for Opera

Unhappy Tragic Endings

Invited to open Carnegie Hall

Style Conventional Harmonies Predictable Rhythms Superb Melodies Theatrical

Representative Works Opera

Rigoletto La Traviata Il Trovatore Aida

Choral Te Deum Requiem

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Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

Richard Wagner (1813–1883) German Revolutionary His Music Drama had

equal portions of: Music Drama Poetry Stagecraft

Style Symphonic Strong Brass Leitmotiv Colorful Wrote own Libretti

Music Dramas The Ring of the

Nibelung Tristan and Isolde

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Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

Other Romantic Composers Hector Berlioz Antonin Dvořák Edvard Grieg Franz Liszt Gustav Mahler Giacomo Puccini Sergei Rachmaninoff

Nicolay Rimsky-Korsakov

Gioachino Rossini Robert Schumann Bedřich Smetana Richard Strauss

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Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

Chapter Summary Why do you think Romantic Period music is so

much more popular than modern classical music? What can you learn by listening to a piece

multiple times? Do you think the emotional language of Western

music is universally human or culturally learned? Would a Brahms symphony communicate the same emotions to a rural Chinese farmer that it does to you?

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

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