biosecurity in aquaculture
Post on 23-Jan-2016
143 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Biosecurity in aquaculture
Edgar BrunOIE Collaborating Centre on Epidemiology and Risk Assessment for Aquatic Animal Diseases
Workshop for OIE National Focal Points for Aquatic Animals,Byblos, Lebanon, 11–13 August 2013
Atlantic Veterinary College
Biosecurity
A holistic concept for the sustainability of aquaculture (food production)
Aims to protect environment including biological diversity
Based on regulations and standards to be applied at international-, national- and site level
Biosecurity
Every action involved in
●avoiding entry of pathogens (prevention/exclusion) Into a country into a farm
●controlling further spread of pathogens (containment)
●reducing consequences of outbreaks (eradication)
are traded world wide as eggs, live animals and products
are kept in open or semi-open systems
are part of the local ecological system●are continuously exposed to environmental
micro-organisms (and visa versa)
are more “stressed” than surrounding fellow animals in the wild
Cultured aquatic animals
Three levels within biosecurity
National/international level – governmental responsibility
Regional level – shared/industry responsibility
Site level – company/private responsibility
International/national level
International standards (OIE, WTO, Codex) National legal framework Management policy (hazards, surveillance,
stamping out, compensation …) Authority for implementing control measures
at national, regional and site level Infrastructure
●Lines of command●Laboratories●Reporting system●Information system●Competence building
Regional level
Epidemiological unit How is the connection between farms Can groups of farms be organized into zones
Regional collaboration Interaction between big intensive companies and
small (semi-) extensive private enterprises Can coordinated measures be implmented at the
same time
Example; development of PD in Norway
PD-outbreaks 1995-2010
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
To
tal
nu
mb
er o
f o
utb
reak
s p
er y
ear
PD- distribution in Norway 2008-2010
Hustadvika
Biosecurity measures to an emerging disease (ISA)
0102030405060708090
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
First occurrence
of ISAISA made notifiable
Compulsory health certificateCompulsory health control in hatcheries
Ban on using seawater in hatcheriesBan on moving fish already put to sea
Regulations on transport (vehicles and hygienic measures)
Regulation on disinfection of wastewater from slaughterhouses and processing plants, and of the seawater supply in hatcheries
Introduction of zones to combat outbreaks
Official guidelines for the handling of outbreaks Contingency plan,
revidert
The ”Stop ISA campaign”
ISAV identified
Biosecurity at site level
Wild aquatic animals
Farmed aquaticanimals
Environment
abiotic
biotic
biotic
abiotic
biotic
Import/trade
Biosecurity at site level
Described in a BIOSECURITY PLAN ●Based on a biosecurity risk assessment ●SOPs for various tasks/procedures●Routine health/disease monitoring ●Contingency plans
●Should be generic●The plan should be understood and
respected by all employees (biosecurity awareness)
●Routines for auditing and updating
Biosecurity assessment at site
Risk characterization of the facility
Pathogen exposure
Risk characterization of management
Identification of critical points
Risk characterization of the facility
Location and physical lay-out Internal production flow Separation into sub-units
Pathogen exposure
Which infectious hazards are threatening the plant, their epidemiology and control measures
● routes of introduction and spread● What do we know about the infectious agents● What do we know about the disease● Does the farm have susceptible species● Available diagnostic test● Available vaccines
Introduction routes
Oidtman et al 2011
Direct contact between fish● Vertical or horizontal● Entry through skin, open wounds, gills
Ingestion (oral)● Infected live or frozen fish● Cannibalism of dead
or dying fish ● Contaminated feed
Water Sources● Inputs, transfer● Including aerosols
Spray or splashesbetween tanks
Disease transmission in fish
Dr. Alain Le breton
Fomites: Inanimate objects● Equipment: Nets, buckets,
siphon hoses● Footwear, clothing, vehicles
Vectors: Living creatures● Predatory birds, wildlife● Pets● People
Zoonotic: affects people● Bacterial agents
Mycobacterium Edwardsiella Erysipelothrix Klebsiella
● Parasitic agents Anisakis
Disease transmission in fish
Dr. Alain Le breton
Risk characterization of management
Operations and routines● Routines for disease control ● Handling of diseased fish● Awareness for early disease detection ● Data registration ● Clear responsibility ● Traffic control● Disinfection
Competence● Biosecurity awareness● Knowledge of basic hygiene principles● Basic knowledge of diseases
Risk based characterization of a farm – control of fish movement
Dr. Alain Le breton
Production function
Resource input(animals, feed, labour, etc.)
Production process
Output: goods, services(to satisfy human needs)
DiseasesBiosecurity
Diseases will reduce the efficiency by which input are converted into output
Biosecurity • will reduce the probability of infectious exposure (known and unknown) and curtail its effect (holistic)
• is additional input to the production function
• may increase output or lower the need for input
• should be balanced between benefit and cost
Core issues to
Balance knowledge on hazards, technical feasibility and cost
Tailor the biosecurity plan according to the specific needs on each individual farm
Biosecurity
… everybody will sooner or later face the challenge of a disease outbreak
…is an act of responsibility●to the farmed animals●to the environment●to fellow producers●to society
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
top related