bell work friday 3/14 look in your book beginning on page 651 to find the answers 1. why were...
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Bell WorkFriday 3/14
Look in your book beginning on page 651
to find the answers• 1. Why were members of the Third Estates dissatisfied
with life under the Old Regime?
• 2. How did Louis XVI’s weak leadership contribute to the growing crisis in France?
• 3. How did the purpose of the meeting of the Third Estates-General change in 1789?
The French Revolution and Napoleon
Chapter 23
Section 1-The French Revolution Begins
The Old Order
• The Old Regime-The social and political system in France during the 1700’s– The people were
divided into three large classes called estates
The Old Order
• The First Estate-– Made up of members of the clergy of
the Roman Catholic Church
– Scorned Enlightenment Ideas
• The Second Estate-– Made up of rich Nobles who held the
highest offices in government
– Disagreed about Enlightenment ideas
The Old Order
• The Third Estate-– Included bourgeoisie,
urban lower class, and peasant farmers
– Had no power to influence government
– Resented the wealthy First and Second Estates
The Forces of Change
• Economic Troubles in France-– Taxes made it too hard for
merchants and businesses to make profit
– Factors including the rise in the cost of living, wide spread crop failures in the 1780’s, and the price of bread doubling made life in France hard
– Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette live extravagantly and piled up massive debt helping America fight England
Dawn of the Revolution
• The National Assembly-– The Third Estates delegates
were heavily influenced by the Enlightenment and eager to make changes in government
• Suggested that all three estates meet together and that each delegate should get a vote (giving them the advantage)
• The Third Estates became the National Assembly
– This action was the first deliberate act of revolution
Dawn of the Revolution
• Tennis Court Oath-The Third Estate broke in and promised to stay in the indoor tennis court until a new constitution was drafted
Dawn of the Revolution
• Storming the Bastille-– It took place on July 14th, 1789– Mobs stormed the prison after rumors emerged
that Louis was using military forces against the National Assembly
– Attackers killed the prison commander and several guards
• They put their heads on spikes in the streets
– This became the great symbolic act of revolution
• Bastille day is celebrated like our 4th of July
The Great Fear Sweeps France
• The Great Fear-– Peasants were afraid that the nobles had
hired outlaws to terrorize them• As a result the peasants went into the
homes of nobles with pitchforks and farm tools destroying the old legal papers that forced them to pay federal duties
– After the price of bread rose in Oct. 1789, peasant women rioted and Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were forced to leave France
Bell WorkMonday 3/17
Look in your book beginning on page 656
to find the answers• 1. What major reform did the National Assembly
introduce? • 2. What did the divisions of the National
Assembly say about the differences in French Society?
• 3. How did the Reign of Terror come to an end?
SSR + Log Monday 3/17
Please sit quietly with your desks cleared and have your pencil/pen
ready for SSR
SSR + Log Monday 3/17
Please take two minutes to discuss our SSR article with your table mates.
When you receive your SSR One-Pager please read the directions and select and
circle five sentence stems to help complete the activity
Section 2-Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
The Assembly Reforms France
• The Rights of Man-– A set of revolutionary ideas
drafted by the National Assembly
• Said “men are born and remain free and equal in rights”
– Life, liberty, security, and resistance to oppression
– The document guaranteed equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion
The Assembly Reforms France
• A State-Controlled Church-– Members of the National assembly
focused on reforming the church – Church lands were confiscated
saying church officials should be elected and paid by the state
• Catholic Church lost land and political independence
• The selling of church lands helped pay off France’s debt
Divisions Develop
• Legislative Assembly-– Legislative body who
had the power to create laws and approve or reject declarations of war
• The king could still enforce laws
Divisions Develop• Old issues caused the Legislative
Assembly to split into three factions – Radicals-
• Wanted massive gov. changes, opposed monarchy
– Moderates-• Wanted only some changes to gov.
– Conservatives-• Liked the idea of limited monarchy and
only wanted a few gov. changes
War and Execution
• France at War-– As usual the war begins badly for France– By summer of 1792 Prussian forces
were advancing on Paris– Aug 10th, 1792-
• 20,000 men stormed the Tuileries and captured Louie, Marie Antoinette and the kids
• Angry protesters raided the prisons and killed over 1,000 prisoners
War and Execution
• France at War-– National Convention-
• September 21st, 1792
• New government of France
– Disposed of the King
– Dissolved the National Assembly
– Made France a republic
– Adult males were given the right to vote and hold political office
War and Execution• Jacobins-
– Radical members of the political organization that brought sweeping changes into the French Government
– Jean-Paul Marat-• Jacobin writer who called for the deaths of
those who still supported the king
– Guillotine-• Quick and efficient way of beheading a
criminal– Louis XVI was executed this way
Terror Grips France
• Reign of Terror-– July 1793, Maximilien Robespierre
became the leader of the Committee of Public Safety and ruled like a dictator
• During this time nearly 40,000 citizens were killed
– Including George Danton and Marie Antoinette
– 85% were peasants
• Reign of Terror ended in July 1794 with Robespierre’s capture and execution
Bell WorkTuesday 3/18
Please take out your notes/study guide and with your elbow partner review all of the
information for our test covering Chapter 23 Sections 1 and 2.
Section 3-Napoleon Forges an Empire
Napoleon Seizes Power
• Napoleon Bonaparte-– Born in 1769 – Sent to military school at 9 years old– He became a lieutenant in the French
artillery at 16– Upon his return from Egypt he led a
coup d’ etat• When the council dissolved he named
himself dictator– His first goal was to restore order in France
Napoleon Rules France
• The Plebiscite-– A vote of the people that gave
Napoleon all real power
• Napoleon Supported– Changes from the revolution – Laws that would strengthen the
central gov. and achieve the goals of the revolution
Napoleon Rules France
• Napoleon also:– Set up an effective banking system– Tried to end to gov. corruption – Set up Lycees-Gov. ran public schools
• Students came from all backgrounds
• Relived jobs based on performance
• Napoleonic Code-A uniform set of laws that ended many injustices – Promoted order over individual rights
Napoleon Creates an Empire
• 1804-Napoleon crowned himself emperor – This symbolized his power over
the church
• Napoleon's Goals-– Wanted to control all of Europe
• Re-establish French dominance in the Americas
– He thought the key was the sugar producing colony of Saint Domingue
Napoleon Creates an Empire
• Loss of American Territories-– The people of Saint Domingue
led by Toussaint L’Ouverture demanded the same rights as French citizens
• Napoleon failed to overtake them
– 1803-Napoleon offers to sell the Louisiana Territory for $15 million
Napoleon Creates an Empire
• Napoleon was extremely successful in battle during the early part of his reign– Britain, Russia, Austria, and Sweden
joined forces against France but could not beat them
– His victories allowed him to build the largest empire since the Romans
• His only real challenge was Britain's navy
Napoleon Creates an Empire
• The Battle of Trafalgar-– The only major battle
Napoleon lost – This naval defeat had two
lasting effects:• It assured Britain naval
supremacy for the next 100 years
• Napoleon abandoned his plans of invading Britain
Napoleon Creates an Empire
• By 1812 the only countries in Europe not controlled by Napoleon were:– Britain, Portugal, Sweden
and the Ottoman Empire – His empire existed at it’s
greatest extent from 1807 to 1812
• Napoleon’s grand ambitions became his undoing
Bell WorkWednesday 3/19
Look in your book beginning on page 668
to find the answers
• 1. How did Great Britain combat Napoleon’s naval blockade?
• 2. Why did Napoleon have trouble defeating enemy forces in the Peninsular War?
• 3. How many member of France’s Grand Army returned from their attack on Moscow?
Section 4-Napoleon’s Empire Collapses
Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes
• Napoleon’s desire for power became his greatest downfall– Napoleon made three
major mistakes in his quest to crush Britain and expand France
• The Continental System
• The Peninsular War
• The Invasion of Russia
Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes• The Continental System-
– Napoleon set up a blockade to prevent trade between Britain and Europe
• Two Goals:– Make continental Europe self-sufficient
– Destroy Britain’s commercial and industrial economy
– France’s blockade was weak• British ships made it to Europe• French and Neutral ships were stopped by Britain’s
blockade• U.S. frustrated and declared war on Britain (War of
1812)
Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes• The Peninsular War-
– In his attempt to get Portugal to accept the Continental system Napoleon sent troops through Spain
• Removed the Spanish king– The people worried he would weaken the
Catholic church
• Peasant fighters called guerrillas killed 300,000 of Napoleon’s men
– A growing sense of nationalism in European nations became a powerful weapon against Napoleon
Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes
• The Invasion of Russia-– Napoleon decided to invade Russia in 1812
• Russian czar refused to stop selling to Britain
– Scorched-earth policy-• Russia burned all the grain fields and killed all the live
stock in France’s path so there would be nothing to eat
– Russia and France met at the Battle of Borodino • The entire Russian campaign cost Napoleon’s Grand
Army 410,000 soldiers
Napoleon's Downfall
• Napoleon Suffers Defeat-– Britain, Russia, Prussia and
Sweden joined forces against Napoleon
– In April 1814 Napoleon accepted the terms of surrender and gave up his throne
• Napoleon was given a small pension and exiled to the island of Elba
Napoleon's Downfall • The Hundred Days-
• Napoleon's last bid for power
– Napoleon escaped from Elba on March 1st, 1815
• Crowds joyfully greeted him and helped him re-capture the French throne
– Waterloo-• June 18th, 1815–British and Persian forces
defended their ground and defeated Napoleon's forces
– Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena where he died 6 years later
Bell WorkFriday 3/21
Look in your book beginning on page 672
and begin reading to find the answers• 1. What were the three main points of Metternich’s plan
for Europe?
• 2. Why was the Congress of Vienna considered a success?
• 3. What was the long-term legacy of the Congress of Vienna?
Section 5-The Congress of Vienna
Metternich’s Plan for Europe
• The Congress of Vienna-– 8 month conference with
the goal of establishing a new European order consisting of collective security and sensibility for the whole continent
• The Five Great Powers-– Russia, Prussia, Austria,
Great Britain and France
Metternich’s Plan for Europe
• Klemens von Metternich-– Austrian foreign minister who
held three goals at the Congress of Vienna
• Surround France with strong countries to prevent further aggression
• Create a balance of power so no one would threaten each other
• Restore the royal families Napoleon removed
Metternich’s Plan for Europe
• The Containment of France-– Kingdom of the Netherlands was
established– German Confederation was created
out of 39 German states– Switzerland was recognized as an
independent nation – The Kingdom of Sardinia was
strengthened by the addition of Genoa
Metternich’s Plan for Europe
• Legitimacy-– Policy that restored as many rulers as
possible that Napoleon had removed to their thrones
• Ruling families of France, Spain, several states in Italy and Central Europe regained their thrones
• The Congress of Vienna marked the 1st time an entire continent came together to decide political affairs
Political Changes Beyond Vienna
• Conservative Europe-– The Holy Alliance-
• Agreement in which Russia, Austria, and Prussia would base their relations with other countries on Christian principals
– Concert of Europe-• An agreement between several
European nations that ensured they would help each other in the event a revolution occurred
Political Changes Beyond Vienna
• Revolutions in Latin America-– The Creoles (Spanish American colonists)
overthrew Spain's control in Mexico – Brazil declared their independence from
Portugal (Sept. 1822)
• Long –Term Legacy– France was weakened but Britain and
Prussia grew in power – Nationalism spread and led to new
revolutions
Chapter 23 Section 3-5 Review
Chapter 23 Section 3-5 Review
Chapter 23 Section 3-5 Review
Chapter 23 Section 3-5 Review
Exit Ticket Tuesday 3/26
Please answer the following questions a half sheet of loose leaf paper
• 1. Are there any areas of Chapter 23 Section 3-5 we reviewed today that are still confusing?
• 2. What kinds of things are you going to do to help improve your study habits for this quiz?
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