bbnan04000 angol fonológia ea. / english phonology …¡vosfonó-1... · • tongue position...

BBNAN04000 Angol fonológia ea. / English Phonology lecture course

(sávos)

BBK 2016

1. Intro

phonetics – phonology – morphology

Today:

• phonetics vs. phonology: vowels• revision of basics of phonology

phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:

phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)

phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)

phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic

phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic: spectrograms:

phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic

phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic➢ auditory (speech perception)

phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic➢ auditory (speech perception)

e.g., the articulatory classification of RP vowels:

e.g., the articulatory classification of RP vowels:● manner of articulation:

• monophthongs vs. diphthongs (vs. triphthongs)• long vs. short

e.g., the articulatory classification of RP vowels:● manner of articulation:

• monophthongs vs. diphthongs (vs. triphthongs)• long vs. short

● place of articulation:• tongue position (tongue height +

frontness/backness)• lip position

the Cardinal Vowel Chart

the Cardinal Vowel Chart

the Cardinal Vowel Chart

Can you find the vowels of Hungarian?

Can you find the vowels of Hungarian?

The monophthongs of RP

Gimsonian IPA symbols for the vowels of RP:

Recap:

phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic➢ auditory (speech perception)

So far: the articulatory classification of RP vowels

Functional (= phonological) classes:

Functional (= phonological) classes:

in what position?

Functional (= phonological) classes:

in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:

Functional (= phonological) classes:

in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak: reduction under zero stress,

all full vowels -> schwa, e.g., Japan-Japanese, Hungarian-Hungary, famous-infamous

Functional (= phonological) classes:

in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak

Functional (= phonological) classes:

in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak➢ r-influence: bee-beer, sky-lyre (breaking),

cat-car, bid/put/but/bet-bird/purr/Bert (broadening)

Functional (= phonological) classes:

in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak➢ r-influence (breaking, broadening)

Functional (= phonological) classes:

in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak➢ r-influence (breaking, broadening)➢

Functional (= phonological) classes:

in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak➢ r-influence (breaking, broadening)➢ tense vs. lax

The full vowels of RP:

The phonological classification of the vowels of RP:

Phonetics vs. phonology

Phonetics vs. phonology

The basics of phonology

The basics of phonology

➢ sound inventory (universal/particular, markedness, implications)

The basics of phonology

➢ sound inventory (universal/particular, markedness, implications)

➢ distribution of sounds, possible combinations (phonotactics)

The basics of phonology

➢ sound inventory (universal/particular, markedness, implications)

➢ distribution of sounds, possible combinations (phonotactics)

➢ processes (alternations)

The basics of phonology

➢ sound inventory (universal/particular, markedness, implications)

➢ distribution of sounds, possible combinations (phonotactics)

➢ processes (alternations)

that is, rules and representations

possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?

possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?

(i) correspond to different phonemes

possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?

(i) correspond to different phonemes: distinctive / contrastive units

minimal pairs: pit – bit, right – wrote

minimal sets: pit, pat, pet, put, putt, pot

identical or at least overlapping distribution

possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?

(i) correspond to different phonemes

possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?

(i) correspond to different phonemes

(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution

predictable phonetic variants, nondistinctive/noncontrastive, redundant, conditioned/positional variants, physical realisations

allophony / allophonic variation

phonetic vs. phonemic representation:

possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?

(i) correspond to different phonemes

(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution

possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?

(i) correspond to different phonemes

(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution

(iii) free variation

possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?

(i) correspond to different phonemes

(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution

(iii) free variation

when a contrast ceases to exist: neutralisation

when a contrast ceases to exist: neutralisation

e.g.:

when a contrast ceases to exist: neutralisation

e.g.:

- under zero stress: recall: all full vowel phonemes -> schwa, e.g., Japan-Japanese, Hungarian-Hungary, famous-infamous

when a contrast ceases to exist: neutralisation

e.g.:

- under zero stress: recall: all full vowel phonemes -> schwa, e.g., Japan-Japanese, Hungarian-Hungary, famous-infamous

- voicing contrast of obstruents after /s/:

/t/ vs. /d/ cf. e.g., tick vs. Dick

/p/ vs. /b/ cf. e.g., pier vs. beer etc.

when a contrast ceases to exist: neutralisation

e.g.:

- under zero stress: recall: all full vowel phonemes -> schwa, e.g., Japan-Japanese, Hungarian-Hungary, famous-infamous

- voicing contrast of obstruents after /s/:

/t/ vs. /d/ cf. e.g., tick vs. Dick

/p/ vs. /b/ cf. e.g., pier vs. beer etc.

but: s_... ?? cf. e.g., spear but *sb-

Porto, PortugalPhoto © V. Schandl

THE END