basic oral communication lectures

No textbook. Use Moodle.

Miss class if you have other priorities; understand the inherent risks in missing class.Dress like you came to class on purpose.

OBJECTIVES:1. Extemporaneous delivery style 2. Poised platform persona 3. Prepare and organize a speech 4. Effective listening skills 5. Critical thinking skills

Syllabus

Highligh

tsYou are responsible for your grade in this class. I don’t give you a grade. You earn a grade. You earn your grade by earning points. Nothing in this class is mandatory because nothing in this class is based on a percentage of total points (regardless of what Moodle may indicate). Certain grades “cost” a certain amount of points. If a D- is good enough, then you don’t have to earn very many points. If you need an A or a B, then you need to earn more points.

Introductory Speeches

• Two things make you a better public speaker: – practicing – knowing your audience

• Introduce yourself or someone else.– Everyone has to get introduced.– Everyone has to give an introduction.

• Rubric is on the course management system.

Chapter 1 Speeches

• Chapter 1 is basic stuff. You already know it.• Chapter 1 is technical stuff. You don’t know

the right way to express that you know it.• Chapter 1 is important stuff. You should know

it in the back of your mind as a foundation.• Chapter 1 is academic stuff. You can’t let it

block the simple stuff and the practical stuff.• Rubric is on the course management system.

Visualization (Best Case/Worst Case) Rewards

Breathing and Stretching, Addam's Family Clock

Tongue Tamers

Tomorrow

we tour the library

Chapter 4

The Osborns’ Idea of “Responsible Knowledge”

• The best research you can do in the time you have to prepare.– Cover the main issues– Include respected experts– Evidence is recent/relevant– Addresses audience concerns– Interesting for the audience

The Scholarly Spectrum

Formal Research / Scholarly Sources

Pros•Gatekeepers/Credibility•Balanced View

Cons•Dull/Clinical•Takes forever

Informal Research / Non-Scholarly SourcesPros•Unique perspective•Current

Cons•Narrow scope•Bias/Not credible

Note: it does not matter

whether it is intentional

Plagiarism is using someone else’s

words or ideas as your own either

intentionally or for mere failure to

credit the original source

Note: it does not matter whether it

was a direct quote

Plagiarism

Plagiarism (cont.)

Evidence of trouble• Hunting for synonyms• Rearranging syntax• Rearranging paragraph

Don’t cite common knowledge• Not necessarily

everyone knows• Everyone can find

easily

Cite• Quotes• Paraphrases• Derivations• Unique view• Unique statement

Internet Sources

Information from the Internet must be appropriately cited!

If this is not possible, you have a bad source.

If this would be embarrassing, you have a bad source

APA Style

• Use APA Style• I strongly advise against using

the automaters/generators mentioned in the chapter.

• I strongly encourage you to instead use the Purdue OWL.

• Microsoft Office bibliography tool is ok.

Chapter 5

1. What works?2. What doesn’t?3. T/F: Death By PowerPoint4. Define useful.5. How can you make an attention-

getting aid that is not distracting?

6. Give an example of an aid that’s unprofessional/inappropriate.

You’ve got thisin the bag!

You already know what works, and what

doesn’t.You already know

what good (and bad) speeches look like.

Today, we’re going to prove it by evaluating

some videos.

Chapter 2

A – P – E

The moral of Chapter 2 is…

Every speech includes

• An Introduction– Attention-Getter– Thematic Statement – Preview

• A body– Present main ideas– Develop main ideas

• A conclusion– Recap– Last Chance– Completion

Always speak with FLAIR.

• Format your speech in a clear, interesting way.• Liven up your content with the words you use.• Appropriate use of words is imperative.• In context, the words should be proper.• Rearrange your syntax.

Writing Style• Rare vocabulary• Complex syntax• Audience can

pause/rewind• Formal language• Make a point and

move on

Speaking Style• Common words• Simple sentences• Audience only

hears once• Colloquialisms• Repetition is a

virtue

Basic Speech Style/Formats

• Manuscript Style– Written out ahead of time– Read word for word for an audience

• Impromptu Style– Little or no time to prepare– “Wing it” for an audience

• Extemporaneous Style– Prepare an outline– Expand on the foundation for an audience

Extemporaneous KISSes

• Key–words• Ideas• Skeletal outline• Spontaneity– Conversational Tone– Eye Contact– Enthusiasm– Variety in voice, expressions, gestures

Chapter 3

Build A Speech

• Select a topic• Analyze the audience• Develop a specific purpose• Select a structural pattern• Form[at] an outline

Pick a GREAT topic

• Galvanizing• Relevant• Engaging• Accomplishable• Targeted

Audience Analysis:Demographics andEducated Stereotypes

• Age• Gender• Nationality• Sex• Education

Audience Analysis:Topic-Specific

• Familiarity• Pre-conceptions• Interest• Internal Motivation• External Motivation

Specific Purpose = Goal Statement

• A guide for the speaker– What to include– What to exclude

• A single idea (no “and”)• Not a thesis statement– Not for your audience– Thesis statement might be

a compound sentences

OrganizationalPatterns

• Spatial• Sequential (process)• Chronological (time)• Cause-Effect/Effect-Cause• Compare/Contrast• Problem-Solution• Topical

Outline Form[at]s

• Formal (written delivery)– Details– Sentences– Parallelism

• Planning (approval/draft)– Details … or not– Sentences … or not– Parallelism … or not

Outline Form[at]s(cont.)

• Keyword (oral delivery)– No Details– Simple Phrases/Key-words– Parallelism … or not

of an Outline

This is an odd format for an outline. It should only be

used for my Basic Oral Communication Class. It is neither typical nor

widely accepted. You’ve been warned.

<Name> - <Topic>

I. Introduction A. <Attention Getter> B. Thesis 1. <Topic> 2. <Main point> 3. <Main point> 4. <Main point>II. <Main Point> A. <Sub-Point> 1. <Spoken Citation>

e.g., According to a 2006 study conducted at Harvard ... 2. <APA Citation>

e.g., (Smith, 2006) B. <Sub-Point> 1. <Spoken Citation> 2. <APA Citation>V. <Transition to Conclusion> A. <Review> B. <Close Strong>

Upcoming Calendar Today we’re looking at the rubric I will use to

grade your speeches. Next time we meet, we will schedule your

speeches and have a questions/ problems/ concerns session.

The class after that you will meet in small groups to evaluate your speeches.

The class after that you will evaluate yourselves.

After that …. Informative Speeches!

Informative Speech Check-In Let’s review the rubric I will use to grade

your speeches. There are no secrets. There are no surprises. This is how to get 100%.

Outlines / Topics / Structure

O High Score:O Average Score:O Low Score:

Pep Talk

IntroductionsO High Score:O Average Score:O Low Score:

Pep Talk

CredibilityO High Score:O Average Score:O Low Score:

Pep Talk

ConclusionsO High Score:O Average Score:O Low Score:

Pep Talk

Presentation AidsO High Score:O Average Score:O Low Score:

Pep Talk

PersonaO High Score:O Average Score:O Low Score:

Pep Talk

Persuasive Topics• Question of value (binary)• Question of fact (opinion)• Question of policy (behavior)

Persuasive Org. Patterns• Problem/Cause/Solution• Comparative Advantage•Monroe’s Motivated

Sequence: Need, Satisfaction, Visualization

Upcoming Calendar Today we’re looking at topics. Next time we meet, we will look at

outlines. The class after that we’ll review the

rubric I will use to grade your speeches. Then we’ll have two days for

evaluations. After that …. Persuasive Speeches!

Persuasive Speech Check-In Let’s review the rubric I will use to grade

your speeches. There are no secrets. There are no surprises. This is how to get 100%.

The CASE for Invitational Speaking

• Civilize the debate• Articulate beliefs and values• Square the sides of the argument• Explore issues and ideas

The AURA of a Successful Invitational Speech

• Invitational topics can be controversial.• There will be a range of possible

positions.–Acknowledge them.–Understand them.–Respect them.–Appreciate them.

Invitational Speakers that KICK you-know-what …

• Know their own positions• Invite the audience to take a position• Chat with the audience, and let them

chat with each other, too• Keep everyone civil and focused

For your exercise …•We need six groups–You choose your group–You’ll need to have a group for

the next class • Let’s go over the rubric

Upcoming Calendar Today we’re looking at topics. Next time we meet, we will look at

topics again. The class after that we’ll review the

rubric I will use to grade your speeches. Then we’ll have two days for scheduling,

questions, and evaluations. After that …. Invitational Speeches!

Topics Pick your groups.

6 groups Group >1 person

Your group's topic can be something you've already given a speech about.

Tonight, post a discussion board entry with your group members' names and your group's topic.

Topics (cont.) Before the next class, each of you will

*respond to your group's entry* with at least two APA citations of scholarly articles you want to address.

In the next class you will pick the article you will use as your invitational speech topic.

It will be beneficial to bring a copy of your articles (print or electronic, either way).

Upcoming Calendar Today you will pick the scholarly article

you are going to invite us to discuss about.

In the next class, we’ll review the rubric I will use to grade your speeches.

Then we’ll have two days for scheduling, questions, and evaluations.

After that …. Invitational Speeches!

Upcoming Calendar Today we’ll review the rubric I will use to

grade your speeches. Then we’ll have two days for scheduling,

questions, and evaluations. After that …. Invitational Speeches!

Special Event Speaking

• A speech for an event.• A speech honoring a

person.• A speech commemorating

an occasion.

Special Event Topics

• The world is your oyster.• Guidelines for the final:–Audience-appropriate–Occasion-appropriate–Group-size appropriate–7-9 minutes appropriate

Ideas for the Final• Toasting/Roasting Someone• Presenting/Accepting Award• After-Dinner Event• Offer Testimonial• Introduce Another Speaker• Commemorate Something• Give a convocation/adjournment

Outline: IntroductionI. Introduction (set the tone)

A. Get the audience’s attentionB. Overview and PreviewC. Give yourself some

credibilityInspire, Celebrate,

Commemorate, Entertain

Outline: BodyII. Main Point

A. Sub-PointB. Sub-Point

May not need sourcesAlways need structure!!

Outline: ConclusionV. Conclusion

A. ReviewB. Satisfying Close

Persona• Eye contact to establish rapport• Inconspicuous use of notes• Scan to establish zone of interaction• Expressive, dynamic and natural body

language• Natural vocal variations• Standard English• Humor

Persona: Humor• Anecdotes/Jokes• Asides• Banter/Retorts• Blunders/Recoveries• Freudian Slips• Hyperbole/Understatement• Irony• Satire• Situational Humor

Presentation Aids• Appropriately Displayed• Does not detract from

presentation• Adds to presentation• Not-so-much important that it

is professional/useful

Final Exercise

• Give a special event speech.• Work alone or with a group.– Your group members’ performances will

affect your grade.– Everyone has to talk.– Everyone has to pay attention.