aect 2014 social presence and video

Is online video really worth the work?Perceptions of online asynchronous video and social presence

slides @ www.patricklowenthal.com

Patrick Lowenthal

educator

researcher

designer

developer

patricklowenthal.com Twitter @plowenthal

Overview

Background Method Results Discussion

BACKGROUND

Social Presence

Social presence is the degree of salience (i.e., quality or state of being there) between two communicators using a communication medium.

METHOD

Regular Video Use

Video Announcements

Instructional Videos (screencasts)

Video Feedback

1

2

3

?

Survey

General Questions

Questions about Video Announcements

Questions about Instructional Videos

Questions about Video Feedback

Data Collection

Summer 2013

Fall 2013

Spring 2014

Summer 2014

Sample

Internet for Educators

Graphic Design for Learning

Online Course Design

101

students

RESULTSpreliminary

General Background

Females 57%

Males 43%

Experienced Online Learners (9.78 avg)

Perceived learning (4.58)

Satisfied (4.59)

Importance of Presence

[1 Strongly Disagree --- Strongly Agree 5]

Important to perceive instructor as “real” & “there”

Strongly Agree 4.36

Importance to perceive classmates as “real” & “there”

Agree 3.82

Communication Media

Video: 4.23

Audio: 3.55

Text: 3.45[1 Poor --- Excellent 5]

Rate video, audio, & text in their ability to establish a communicator as a “real” person and being “there” (i.e., social presence)

Lonely

Sometimes feel alone or isolated when taking online courses[1 Strongly Disagree --- Strongly Agree 5]

Neither Agree or Disagree 2.97

Preference

I like it when instructors use videos in online courses.

Agree 4.37

VIDEO ANNOUNCEMENTS

Video Announcements

I read every announcement instructor posts

I watched all announcements

Agree 4.16 Agree 4.08

Video Announcements

When / given a video announcement and a text transcription, which are you more likely to do:

Only read; don’t watch

Read and watch video

Watch but don’t read

31%

46%

23%

Video Announcements

What reasons influence you to watch a video announcement? “If I have time”

“If there is instruction I watch. If it is simply an announcement I will not watch”

“Internet connection speed”

“I always watch the video announcements because they are critical to success in the class”

“Much can be determined from the post's title or subject”

INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEOS

Instructional Videos

Like it when my instructor uses instructional videos

Instructional videos are a good way to learn

Strongly Agree 4.51 Strongly Agree 4.46

Instructional Videos

I watched most of the instructional videos created by my instructor this semester?

Strongly / Agree 4.51

Instructional Videos

Prefer instructors use videos they created

Instructional videos created by others add value

Agree 3.57 Agree 3.97

VIDEO FEEDBACK

Preference

I like video feedback

Agree 3.99

Instructional Videos

I watched the video feedback

Watch video feedback more than once?

Agree 4.39Yes 67%

Public Feedback

Helpful to view feedback others receive

Agree 3.12

I think I would watch video feedback instructors gave others

Agree 2.97

OTHER RESULTS

Sync. vs. Async.

Prefer Asynchronous Video87%

Most Valued

Video FeedbackVideo AnnouncementsInstructional Videos9%

19%

72%

Situational Factors

Media Compared

One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.22

Group two-way synchronous video 3.83 Personal asynchronous video 4.12 General asynchronous video 3.76 One-on-one synchronous audio 3.64 Group synchronous audio 3.18 One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.27 Group asynchronous audio 3.10 One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61 Group synchronous text-based 3.00 One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.48 Group asynchronous text-based 3.10

Media Compared

One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.22 Group two-way synchronous video 3.83

Personal asynchronous video 4.12 General asynchronous video 3.76 One-on-one synchronous audio 3.64 Group synchronous audio 3.18 One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.27 Group asynchronous audio 3.10 One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61 Group synchronous text-based 3.00 One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.48 Group asynchronous text-based 3.10

Media Compared

One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.22 Group two-way synchronous video 3.83 Personal asynchronous video 4.12 General asynchronous video 3.76

One-on-one synchronous audio 3.64 Group synchronous audio 3.18 One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.27 Group asynchronous audio 3.10 One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61 Group synchronous text-based 3.00 One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.48 Group asynchronous text-based 3.10

Media Compared

One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.22 Group two-way synchronous video 3.83 Personal asynchronous video 4.12 General asynchronous video 3.76 One-on-one synchronous audio 3.64 Group synchronous audio 3.18

One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.27 Group asynchronous audio 3.10 One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61 Group synchronous text-based 3.00 One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.48 Group asynchronous text-based 3.10

Media Compared

One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.22 Group two-way synchronous video 3.83 Personal asynchronous video 4.12 General asynchronous video 3.76 One-on-one synchronous audio 3.64 Group synchronous audio 3.18 One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.27 Group asynchronous audio 3.10

One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61 Group synchronous text-based 3.00 One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.48 Group asynchronous text-based 3.10

Media Compared

One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.22 Group two-way synchronous video 3.83 Personal asynchronous video 4.12 General asynchronous video 3.76 One-on-one synchronous audio 3.64 Group synchronous audio 3.18 One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.27 Group asynchronous audio 3.10 One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61 Group synchronous text-based 3.00

One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.48 Group asynchronous text-based 3.10

Media Ranked

One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.22 Personal asynchronous video 4.12 Group two-way synchronous video 3.83 General asynchronous video 3.76 One-on-one synchronous audio 3.64 One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61 One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.48 One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.27 Group synchronous audio 3.18 Group asynchronous audio 3.10 Group asynchronous text-based 3.10 Group synchronous text-based 3.00

Media Ranked

One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.22 Personal asynchronous video 4.12 Group two-way synchronous video 3.83 General asynchronous video 3.76 One-on-one synchronous audio 3.64 One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61 One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.48 One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.27 Group synchronous audio 3.18 Group asynchronous audio 3.10

Group asynchronous text-based 3.10 Group synchronous text-based 3.00

Media Compared

One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.22 Group two-way synchronous video 3.83 Personal asynchronous video 4.12 General asynchronous video 3.76 One-on-one synchronous audio 3.64 Group synchronous audio 3.18 One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.27 Group asynchronous audio 3.10 One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61 Group synchronous text-based 3.00 One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.48 Group asynchronous text-based 3.10

Video & Social Presence

Videos can establish instructor presence 4.34

Video announcements can establish instructor presence 4.22

Video feedback can establish instructor presence 4.17

Instructional videos can establish instructor presence 4.22

I know my instructor better as a result of his use of video 4.05

Enjoyed the use of video in this course 4.45

Agree

Video & Social Presence

Videos can establish instructor presence 4.34

Video announcements can establish instructor presence 4.22

Video feedback can establish instructor presence 4.17

Instructional videos can establish instructor presence 4.22

I know my instructor better as a result of his use of video 4.05

Enjoyed the use of video in this course 4.45

Agree

Video & Social Presence

Videos can establish instructor presence 4.34

Video announcements can establish instructor presence 4.22

Video feedback can establish instructor presence 4.17

Instructional videos can establish instructor presence 4.22

I know my instructor better as a result of his use of video 4.05

Enjoyed the use of video in this course 4.45

Agree

Video, audio, and text are all tools for distance communications. Other factors also contribute to the feeling of a real person. Most critical for me is timeliness of the communications. I'd rather have a more immediate text reply that suffer digital silence - even if the communication after the delay is in a high quality video format.

When videos are kept short and focused they can be a very effective tool for learning. Not all information needs to be presented in a video.

The courses where there was some element of video communication, helped me to feel more connected to the instructor (or in the case of 502 not my instructor, but the video instructor). This semester, I do not feel connected to my instructors who have not used any form of video communication.

DISCUSSION

Final Thoughts

One size doesn’t fit all

Video announcements ROI

Subject Matter Difference? Accessibility

@CONTACT ME

Patrick Lowenthalpatricklowenthal@boisestate.eduwww.patricklowenthal.com