aect 2012 presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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Effects of Character Voice-over on Players’ Engagement in a Digital Role-Playing Game Environment
JaeHwan ByunVirtual Environment LaboratorySouthern Illinois University Carbondale
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Intellectual Indignation
Digital games have a potential
power to engage people (stu
dents)!
Digital games are
effective to engage
learners!
Digita
l gam
e as t
he
effec
tive m
etho
d to
enga
ge le
arne
rs.Digital games =
Engagement
Really?
Background of the Study
Then, How?
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Gap in literature
Background of the Study
256898Ke, F. (2009).
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role-playing, narrative arcs, challenges, fantasy, interactive choices, characters in games,
curiosity, clear goals, appropriate feedback, playfulness,
implementing elements of mystery
Gap in literature
Background of the Study
Gaming Device (Computer)
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Gap in literature
Background of the Study
BGM
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Purpose of the study
To determine whether or not the voice-over of
Non-Playing Characters in digital games has any
effect on players’ engagement
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Research Question
What is the effect of non-player characters’
voice-over on player engagement during digital
game play?
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Experimental Design
Independent Variable: NPCs’ voice-overDependent Variable: Participants’ level of engagement
Randomized control-group posttest only design
Before treatment Treatment After treatment
VO group DS Voice-over GEQ
NVO Group DS Non Voice-over GEQ
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Research Subjects
• Between 18 and 25 years old
• Undergraduate students who spoke English as their first language
• No prior gaming experience with “Neverwinter Nights 2”
• No hearing and reading difficulties
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Material (Research Game Mod)
• Modified game from NWN 2 tutorial module
• About 12 minutes long
• Cinematic style conversation with NPCs
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Material (Adjusting Voice-over)
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Material (Research Game Mod)
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• Two technically identical laptops in a room
– One for VO group, One for NVO group
• Headphones
VO
NVO
Experimental Environment
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Instruments
• Demographic Questionnaire– To collect background information about the
participants
• Game Engagement Questionnaire– To measure participants’ engagement level– Modified from Brockmyer, Fox, Curtiss, McBroom,
Burkhart & Pidruzny (2009)– Total 11 items
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Complete the consent
form and demo-
graphic question-
naire
Play an introduc-tory mod
as “tutorial” (average
10min)
Ran-domly
assigned
Com-plete GEQ
Play the re-search mod
with voice-over (average 10min)
VO Group
Play the re-search mod
without voice-over (average 10min)
NVO Group
OR
Data Colleting Process
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Results
• 74 / 81 (Analyzed Data / Total Participants)
• 37 participants per each group
• Analyzed by using PASW 18.0
• Instrument Reliability: Cronbach α = .80
(with 10 items)
• Independent Sample t-test
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Results (Demographic Info.)
N
Age(Mean
)
Gender
Female MaleGrou
p VO 37 20.70 12 25
NVO 37 20.59 10 27Total 74 20.65 22 52
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Results (Descriptive Statistics)
N Mean SD
GroupVO 37 37.84 5.58
NVO 37 34.76 5.25Total 74 36.30 5.60
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Results (Distribution of GEQ score)Fr
eque
ncy
NVOVO
37.8434.76 GEQ scoreNVO VO
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t-test for Equality of Means
t df Sig. Mean difference Std. Error difference
2.45 72 .02 3.08 1.26
• Null hypothesis was rejected at the alpha level of .05
• Effect size, Cohen's (1998) d, was .58.
Results (Hypothesis Testing)
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Results (Finding)
Players are significantly more engaged in a
digital RPG environment when playing RPG with
NPCs’ voice-over than when playing RPG
without NPCs’ voice-over.
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Conclusion (Discussion)
• Aural components of digital games can be
important factors affecting player engagement.
• Audio stimuli should be included as a design factor
engaging game players.
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• For educational (and serious) game developers and
game modders
• For educational practitioners who are involved
in educational multimedia development
• Teachers (Trainers) who are selecting digital games
for educational purpose
Conclusion (Implications)
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• Testing the validity of the GEQ for RPG• Replicating this study with different groups of
participants• Improving the fidelity of the experimental
conditions • Investigating the people who read dialog faster than
they listen to voice-over
Conclusion (Recommendations)
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Q & A