4.1.3(3) dioxins & furans
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dioxin dioxin dioxin dioxin dioxin /
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(POPs) POPs
organochlorine PCBs dioxins & furans
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organochlorine + tetraethyl lead
Dioxin+ dichloroethane
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Contamination with PCBs
Yusho, 1968 Rice oil contamination Severe chloracn disease
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Hair loss Brown colored nails
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- 1 - -
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(Dioxins) (unintentional product) 2 2 210
o
o
o Cl n Cl n Cl n Cl n
Dioxins Furans
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o
o
o Cl n Cl n Cl n Cl n
Dioxins (PCDD) Furans (PCDF)
Chlorine in molecule PCDD PCDF
1. Monochlorine 2 4 2. Dichlorine 10 16 3. Trichlorine 14 28 4. Tetrachlorine 22 38 5. Pentachlorine 14 28 6. Hexachlorine 10 16 7. Heptachlorine 2 4 8. Octachlorine 1 1
75 135
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1
PCDDs/PCDFs TEF NATO/CCMS 1988 TEF WHO 1997
2378- TetraCDD 1.0 1.0
12378- PentaCDD 0.5 1.0
123478- HexaCDD 0.1 0.1
123678- HexaCDD 0.1 0.1
123789-HexaCDD 0.1 0.1
1234678-HeptaCDD 0.01 0.01
OctaCDD 0.001 0.0001
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2378-TetraCDF 0.1 0.1
12378-PentaCDF 0.05 0.05
23478-PentaCDF 0.5 0.5
123478-HexaCDF 0.1 0.1
123678-HexaCDF 0.1 0.1
123789-HexaCDF 0.1 0.1
234678-HexaCDF 0.1 0.1
1234678-HeptaCDF 0.01 0.01
1234789-HeptaCDF 0.01 0.01
OctaCDF 0.001 0.0001
PCDDs/PCDFs TEF NATO/CCMS 1988 TEF WHO 1997
The NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society
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TEF = Toxicity Equivalent Factors, referred to the most toxic
one : 2,3,7,8 TCDD (TEF = 1)
Toxic Equivalent :
TEQ = (TEF * concentration)
TEQ
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dioxin 800
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Precursor chemical substances ( dioxins)
Bromobenzene Chlorobenzene Chlorohydroquinone P-dichlorobenzene O-dichlorobenzene 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene 1,3,5-tribromobenzene 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 2,4,5-trichloronitrobenzene 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene
: 40CFR766_38 (1944)
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Contribution of varied foodstuffs to dioxins
exposure (AFSSA 2000) Meats
15,0 %
Seafood
26,2 %
Eggs
6,1 %
Cereals
3,4 % Fruits and vegetables
9,3 %
Butter
19,4 %
Fat
(Except butter)
0,8 %
Other dairy products
19,80 %
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(Agenda 21) 2548
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1. *
* * 2. * * * *
* * *
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3. * * 4. /
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5. - - - - - - 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
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31 2548
( POPs) / POPs
POPs //
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9
12
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/ POPs 2550
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()
POPs 3
/ POPs
(Pollutants Release and Transfer Registers: PRTR)
BAT/BEP BAT/BEP
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()
http://pops.pcd.go.th
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1. 0.1 ng-TEQ/Nm3 2. 0.1 ng-TEQ/Nm3 3. 0.1 ng-TEQ/Nm3 4. 0.1 ng-TEQ/Nm3 5. 0.1 ng-TEQ/Nm3 6. 0.1 ng-TEQ/Nm3 7. 13 ng-TEQ/Nm3 8. 30 ng-TEQ/Nm3 1 /
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UHT ()
6 TEQ /g milk fat
UHT ()
1 ppt (part per trillion)
1-4 pg/kg body weight
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: WHO 1 4 1. ..2540 2. ..2540 3. ..2548 4. ..2549
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1. 2.
3.
4.
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(51)
(basic/detail design)
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perspective
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TEQ
Congener TEF Congener TEF
Dibenzo-p-dioxins Non-ortho PCBs
2,3,7,8-TCDD 1 PCB 77 0.0001 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 1 PCB 81 0.0001 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 0.1 PCB 126 0.1 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 0.1 PCB 169 0.01 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 0.1
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 0.01
Mono-ortho PCBs
OCDD 0.0001
PCB 105 0.0001
PCB 114 0.0005
Dibenzofurans
PCB 118 0.0001
2,3,7,8-TCDF 0.1
PCB 123 0.0001
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 0.05
PCB 156 0.0005
2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 0.5
PCB 157 0.0005
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 0.1
PCB 167 0.00001
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.1
PCB 189 0.0001
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 0.1 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.1 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 0.01 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 0.01 OCDF 0.0001
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1. 0.5 (.2540) 2. 30 (.2545) 3. 0.5 (.2548) 4. 0.5 (.2549)
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1 (2540) 30 (Dioxins/Furans I- TEQ) 2 (..2545) / 0.5 (Dioxins/Furans I- TEQ)
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3 (2546) 0.5 (Dioxins/Furans I- TEQ) 4 (2549) 0.5 (Dioxins/Furans I- TEQ)
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perspective
Dioxin project (ERTC)
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.
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Air treatment in-out system for laboratory
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Waste water treatment system for laboratory
1. Primary Tank
2. Circulating Tank
3. Disposal Tank (H2O2)
4. Ozone Tank 5.UV Contract Tank
6.Disposal Tank (check)
7.Secondary Tank
8. Holding Tank (check)
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1 Data Processing Room +0 Pa 2 Air Lock Room +0 Pa 3 Toxic Wastes Storage Room -50 Pa 4 Waste Storage (for Used Filter) -50 Pa 5 Very Low Level Preparation Room -10 Pa 6 Samples Extraction Room (Low Level) -20 Pa
7 Clean up Room (Low Level) -20 Pa 8 Clean Storage Room (Low Level) +0 Pa 9 Chemical Storage Room -20 Pa 10 Room for Preparation and Storage of
the Standard Substances -50 Pa
11 Clean Storage Room (High Level) +0 Pa 12 Samples Extraction Room (High Level) -40 Pa
13 Clean up Room (High Level) -40 Pa 14 HRGC/HRMS & GC/MS -10 Pa
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PUF
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. 5 .
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5 .
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A: . B: .
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Page 55
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1000 recycle reuse
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Inventory &
Daily intake (2012-2015)
Monitoring program (2012-2020)
Research for decrease dioxin emission (2013-2520)
Training program (2013 - )
DXN Lab
Service Lab (2013 -)
7
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02-5778400 5203, 5115 02-5774182 1224
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Page 68
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