18.7 electric field lines an isolated point, positive charge:

18.7 Electric Field Lines

An isolated point, positive charge:

18.7 Electric Field Lines

18.7 Electric Field Lines

18.7 Electric Field Lines

Electric field lines are always directed away from positive charges.

Electric field of a negative point charge

Electric field of a negative point charge

The electric field lines are directed radially inward toward a negative point charge.

Electric field between two parallel plates

Electric field between two parallel plates

Electric Dipole

An electric dipole consists of two separated point charges that have the same magnitude but opposite signs.

Electric Dipole

An electric dipole consists of two separated point charges that have the same magnitude but opposite signs.

Electric Dipole

An electric dipole consists of two separated point charges that have the same magnitude but opposite signs.

The dipole moment, p is the product of the magnitude of one of the charges and the distance between the charges.

p = q L

Electric Dipole

An electric dipole consists of two separated point charges that have the same magnitude but opposite signs.

The dipole moment, p is the product of the magnitude of one of the charges and the distance between the charges.

p = q L

Many molecules, such as H2O and HCl, have dipole moments.

Electric field lines of a dipole

Electric field lines of a dipole

Electric field lines always begin on a positive charge and end on a negative charge. The number of lines leaving a positive charge or entering a negative charge is proportional to the magnitude of the charge.

Electric field of two like point charges

18.8. The Electric Field Inside a Conductor:

Shielding

18.8. The Electric Field Inside a Conductor:

Shielding

At electrostatic equilibrium:

1. Any excess charge resides on the surface.

2. The electric field is zero inside the conductor.

Conductor in Electric Field

Conductor in Electric Field

Under electrostatic equilibrium:

1. The conductor shields the electric field.

2. The electric field just outside the surface a conductor is perpendicular to the surface.

Conductor in Electric Field

“Stray” electric fields are produced by various electrical appliances (e.g., hair driers, blenders, and vacuum cleaners), and these fields can interfere with the operation of sensitive electronic circuits, such as those in stereo amplifiers, televisions, and computers. To eliminate such interference, circuits are often enclosed within metal boxes that provide shielding from external fields.

Conceptual Example 13A charge +q is suspended at the center of a hollow, electrically neutral, spherical conductor, as Figure 18.31 illustrates. Show that this charge induces (a) a charge of –q on the interior surface and (b) a charge of +q on the exterior surface of the conductor.

Conceptual Example 13A charge +q is suspended at the center of a hollow, electrically neutral, spherical conductor, as Figure 18.31 illustrates. Show that this charge induces (a) a charge of –q on the interior surface and (b) a charge of +q on the exterior surface of the conductor.

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