1. diversity and phylogeny of archaea 2. phylum euryarchaeota 3. phylum crenarchaeota
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L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
1. Diversity and Phylogeny of Archaea
2. Phylum Euryarchaeota
3. Phylum Crenarchaeota
4. Phylum Thaumarchaeota
5. Other phyla: Nanoarchaeota, Korarchaeota
LECTURE 7. DOMAIN Archaea
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
1. DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENY OF Archaea
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
2. Phylum Euryarchaeota2.1. EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA
Extreme halophiles(>15% NaCl)
Family Halobacteriaceae
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
2. Phylum Euryarchaeota2.1. EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA
Thalassohaline Athalassohaline
Great Salt Lake (USA)
Solar salterns
Dead Sea (Jordan-Israel)
Lake Wadi Natrum (Egypt) Soda lake
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
2. Phylum Euryarchaeota2.1. EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA
Fungi (black yeasts)
Dunaliella
Cyanobacteria
Archaea – Bacteria
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
2. Phylum Euryarchaeota2.1. EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA
HALORHODOPSIN (light driven chloride pump)
Osmoadaptation
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
2. Phylum Euryarchaeota2.1. EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA
BACTERIORHODOPSIN (light driven proton pump)
Retinal based photosynthesis
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
2. Phylum Euryarchaeota2.1. EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA
Solar salternsBras del Port (Santa Pola, Alicante, Spain – 38º12’N, 0º36’W)
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
2. Phylum Euryarchaeota2.1. EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA
Solar salterns
Prokat¡ryotic diversity
Virus and cell numbers
Marine microbiota
Halophilic mcrobiota
Salinity gradient
25%
No bacterivory
Haloquadratum walsbyi (Euryarchaeota)
Salinibacter ruber (Bacteroidetes)
“Haloviruses”
Up to 1010 VLP/ml
Images property of Fernando Santos
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
2. Phylum Euryarchaeota2.2. METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA
* Themophiles or hyperthermophiles
* *
****
*
** Halophiles
***
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
2. Phylum Euryarchaeota2.2. METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA
Three types of substrates:- CO2-type (plus H2)- Methylated- Acetate
METHANOGENESIS
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
2. Phylum Euryarchaeota2.2. METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA
SINTROPHY
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
2. Phylum Euryarchaeota2.2. METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
2. Phylum Euryarchaeota2.2. METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
2. Phylum Euryarchaeota2.2. METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA
In methane hydrates
Anoxic oxidation of methane
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
2. Phylum Euryarchaeota2.3. (HYPER)THERMOPHILIC ARCHAEA
Thermoplasmatales:ThermoplasmaFerroplasma
THERMOPHILICACIDOPHILIC
NO CELL WALLS
Archaeoglobales:Archaeoglobus
SULFATE REDUCERHYPERTHERMOPHILIC
Thermococcales:Pyrococcus
SULFUR REDUCERSHYPERTHERMOPHILIC
Methanopyrus (see tree)
122oC
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
2. Phylum Euryarchaeota2.4. MARINE Euryarchaeota
Marine Euryarchaeota II (+ abundant) and III (aphotic area): planktonicMarine Euryarchaeota IV: planktonic (deep waters)
BOTH UNCULTURED
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
3. Phylum Crenarchaeota
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
3. Phylum Crenarchaeota
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
3. Phylum Crenarchaeota3.1. Crenarchaeota FROM TERRESTRIAL VOLCANIC HABITATS (SOLFATARAS)
Sulfolobus Thermoproteus, Thermophilus
3.2. Crenarchaeota FROM SUBMARINE VOLCANIC HABITATS (HYDROTHERMAL VENTS)
Pyrodictium Pyrolobus
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
4. Phylum Thaumarchaeota
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
4. Phylum Thaumarchaeota
Marine Crenarchaeota “Marine group I” Phylum Thaumarchaeota
Although first described in the oceans, Archaea closely related to marine Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota have been found in different environments
4.1. MARINE Thaumarchaeota
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
4. Phylum Thaumarchaeota
Thaumarchaeota
4.1. MARINE Thaumarchaeota
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
4. Phylum Thaumarchaeota4.1. MARINE Thaumarchaeota
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
4. Phylum Thaumarchaeota4.1. MARINE Thaumarchaeota
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
4. Phylum Thaumarchaeota4.2. SOIL Thaumarchaeota
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
4. Phylum Thaumarchaeota
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
4. Phylum Thaumarchaeota4.3. SYMBIOTIC Thaumarchaeota
Cenarchaeum symbiosum
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
5. OTHER PHYLA5.1. Phylum Korarchaeota
L. 7: Archaea Domain. 2nd Biology ARA 2013-2014
5. OTHER PHYLA5.2. Phylum Nanoarchaeota
Igniococcus
Nanoarchaeum
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