“american progress” by john gast, 1872 in john gast's "american progress," (1872)...
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““American Progress” by American Progress” by John Gast, 1872John Gast, 1872
““American Progress” by American Progress” by John Gast, 1872John Gast, 1872
IN JOHN GAST'S "AMERICAN PROGRESS," (1872) A DIAPHANOUSLY AND PRECARIOUS CLAD AMERICA FLOATS WESTWARD THRU THE AIR WITH THE "STAR OF EMPIRE" ON HER FOREHEAD. SHE HAS LEFT THE CITIES OF THE EAST BEHIND, AND THE WIDE MISSISSIPPI, AND STILL HER COURSE IS WESTWARD. IN HER RIGHT HAND SHE CARRIES A SCHOOL BOOK-- TESTIMONIAL OF THE NATIONAL ENLIGHTENMENT, WHILE WITH HER LEFT SHE TRAILS THE SLENDER WIRES OF THE TELEGRAPH THAT WILL BIND THE NATION. FLEEING HER APPROACH ARE INDIANS, BUFFALO, WILD HORSES, BEARS, AND OTHER GAME, DISAPPEARING INTO THE STORM AND WAVES OF THE PACIFIC COAST. THEY FLEE THE WONDEROUS VISION--THE STAR "IS TOO MUCH FOR THEM."--PRECIS OF A CONTEMPORARY DESCRIPTION OF THIS PAINTING BY GEORGE CROFUTT WHO DISTRIBUTRED HIS ENGRAVING OF IT WIDELY.
Trends in Antebellum Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860America: 1810-1860Trends in Antebellum Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860America: 1810-1860
1.New intellectual and religious movements.
2.Social reforms.
3.Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America.
4.Re-emergence of a second party system and morepolitical democratization.
5.Increase in federal power Marshall Ct. decisions.
6.Increase in American nationalism.
7.Further westward expansion.
1.New intellectual and religious movements.
2.Social reforms.
3.Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America.
4.Re-emergence of a second party system and morepolitical democratization.
5.Increase in federal power Marshall Ct. decisions.
6.Increase in American nationalism.
7.Further westward expansion.
““Manifest Destiny”Manifest Destiny”““Manifest Destiny”Manifest Destiny”
First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845. First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845. ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."
".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."
A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.
A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.
The Pony ExpressThe Pony ExpressThe Pony ExpressThe Pony Express
Between April, 1860 and Nov., 1861.
Delivered news and mail between St. Louis, MO and San Francisco, CA.
Took 10 days.
Replaced by the completion of the trans-continental telegraph line.
Between April, 1860 and Nov., 1861.
Delivered news and mail between St. Louis, MO and San Francisco, CA.
Took 10 days.
Replaced by the completion of the trans-continental telegraph line.
Aroostook “War,” 1839Aroostook “War,” 1839Aroostook “War,” 1839Aroostook “War,” 1839
The only war ever declared by a state.
Between the Canadian region of New Brunswick and the state of Maine.
Cause: The expulsion of Canadian lumberjacks in the disputed area of Aroostook by Maine officials.
Congress called up 50,000 men and voted for $10,000,000 to pay for the “war.”
General Winfield Scott arranged a truce, and a border commission was convened to resolve the issue.
The only war ever declared by a state.
Between the Canadian region of New Brunswick and the state of Maine.
Cause: The expulsion of Canadian lumberjacks in the disputed area of Aroostook by Maine officials.
Congress called up 50,000 men and voted for $10,000,000 to pay for the “war.”
General Winfield Scott arranged a truce, and a border commission was convened to resolve the issue.
Maine Boundary Maine Boundary Settlement, 1842Settlement, 1842Maine Boundary Maine Boundary Settlement, 1842Settlement, 1842
Texas Declaration of Texas Declaration of IndependenceIndependence
Texas Declaration of Texas Declaration of IndependenceIndependence
Key Figures in Texas Key Figures in Texas Independence,Independence, 1836 1836Key Figures in Texas Key Figures in Texas Independence,Independence, 1836 1836
Sam Houston(1793-1863)Sam Houston(1793-1863)
Steven Austin(1793-1836)
Steven Austin(1793-1836)
The Republic of TexasThe Republic of TexasThe Republic of TexasThe Republic of Texas
Remember the Alamo!Remember the Alamo!Remember the Alamo!Remember the Alamo!
Davey Crockett’s Last Davey Crockett’s Last StandStand
Davey Crockett’s Last Davey Crockett’s Last StandStand
The Battle of the The Battle of the AlamoAlamo
The Battle of the The Battle of the AlamoAlamo
General Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo
General Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo
Overland Immigration Overland Immigration to the Westto the West
Overland Immigration Overland Immigration to the Westto the West
Between 1840 and 1860, more than250,000 people made the trekwestward.
Between 1840 and 1860, more than250,000 people made the trekwestward.
The Oregon TrailThe Oregon Trail – Albert – Albert Bierstadt, 1869Bierstadt, 1869
The Oregon TrailThe Oregon Trail – Albert – Albert Bierstadt, 1869Bierstadt, 1869
Trails WestwardTrails WestwardTrails WestwardTrails Westward
The Doomed Donner PartyThe Doomed Donner PartyThe Doomed Donner PartyThe Doomed Donner Party
April, 1846 – April, 1847
April, 1846 – April, 1847
The Doomed Donner The Doomed Donner PartyParty
The Doomed Donner The Doomed Donner PartyParty
James Reed & Wife
James Reed & Wife
Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen
Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen
Of the 83 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California!
Of the 83 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California!
CANNIBALISM ! !
CANNIBALISM ! !
The Oregon Dispute: The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!54’ 40º or Fight!
The Oregon Dispute: The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!54’ 40º or Fight!
By the mid-1840s,“Oregon Fever” wasspurred on by thepromise of free land.
By the mid-1840s,“Oregon Fever” wasspurred on by thepromise of free land.
The joint British-U. S.occupation ended in1846.
The joint British-U. S.occupation ended in1846.
The Bear Flag RepublicThe Bear Flag RepublicThe Bear Flag RepublicThe Bear Flag Republic
John C. FrémontJohn C.
Frémont
The Revolt June 14, 1845
The Revolt June 14, 1845
The Slidell Mission: The Slidell Mission: Nov., 1845Nov., 1845
The Slidell Mission: The Slidell Mission: Nov., 1845Nov., 1845
Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the border.
US would forgive American citizens’claims against the Mexican govt.
US would purchase the New Mexicoarea for $5,000,000.
US would buy California at any price.
Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the border.
US would forgive American citizens’claims against the Mexican govt.
US would purchase the New Mexicoarea for $5,000,000.
US would buy California at any price.
John SlidellJohn Slidell
Wilmot Proviso, 1846Wilmot Proviso, 1846Wilmot Proviso, 1846Wilmot Proviso, 1846
Provided, territory from that, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted.
Provided, territory from that, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted.
Congr. David Wilmot(D-PA)
Congr. David Wilmot(D-PA)
The Mexican War The Mexican War (1846-1848)(1846-1848)
The Mexican War The Mexican War (1846-1848)(1846-1848)
General Zachary Taylor General Zachary Taylor at Palo Altoat Palo Alto
General Zachary Taylor General Zachary Taylor at Palo Altoat Palo Alto
“Old Rough and Ready”
“Old Rough and Ready”
The Bombardment of The Bombardment of Vera CruzVera Cruz
The Bombardment of The Bombardment of Vera CruzVera Cruz
General Winfield Scott General Winfield Scott Captures Mexico CityCaptures Mexico City
General Winfield Scott General Winfield Scott Captures Mexico CityCaptures Mexico City
“Old Fuss and Feathers”
“Old Fuss and Feathers”
Treaty of Guadalupe-Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848Hidalgo, 1848
Treaty of Guadalupe-Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848Hidalgo, 1848
Nicholas Trist,American
Negotiator
Nicholas Trist,American
Negotiator
Treaty of Guadalupe-Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848Hidalgo, 1848
Treaty of Guadalupe-Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848Hidalgo, 1848
Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.
Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico.
U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico(over $3,500,000).
Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.
Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico.
U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico(over $3,500,000).
The Treaty was basically forced on Mexico!
Results of the Mexican Results of the Mexican War?War?
Results of the Mexican Results of the Mexican War?War?
1. The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+American lives (mostly of disease).
2. New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)
3. These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.
4. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.
5. Manifest Destiny partially realized.
1. The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+American lives (mostly of disease).
2. New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)
3. These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.
4. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.
5. Manifest Destiny partially realized.
Free Soil PartyFree Soil PartyFree Soil PartyFree Soil Party
Free Soil! Free Speech! Free Labor! Free Men!
Free Soil! Free Speech! Free Labor! Free Men!
“Barnburners” – discontented northern Democrats.
Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties.
Opposition to the extension of slavery in the newterritories!
“Barnburners” – discontented northern Democrats.
Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties.
Opposition to the extension of slavery in the newterritories!
The 1848 Presidential The 1848 Presidential Election ResultsElection Results
The 1848 Presidential The 1848 Presidential Election ResultsElection Results
√
The Mexican CessionThe Mexican CessionThe Mexican CessionThe Mexican Cession
GOLD!GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, At Sutter’s Mill, 18481848
GOLD!GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, At Sutter’s Mill, 18481848
John A. Sutter John A. Sutter
California Gold Rush, California Gold Rush, 18491849
California Gold Rush, California Gold Rush, 18491849
49er’s49er’s
Two Views of San Two Views of San Francisco, Early 1850sFrancisco, Early 1850s
Two Views of San Two Views of San Francisco, Early 1850sFrancisco, Early 1850s
By 1860, almost 300,000people had traveled theOregon & CaliforniaTrails to the Pacificcoast.
By 1860, almost 300,000people had traveled theOregon & CaliforniaTrails to the Pacificcoast.
Territorial Growth to 1853Territorial Growth to 1853Territorial Growth to 1853Territorial Growth to 1853
Westward the Course of Westward the Course of EmpireEmpire
Emmanuel Leutze, 1860Emmanuel Leutze, 1860
Westward the Course of Westward the Course of EmpireEmpire
Emmanuel Leutze, 1860Emmanuel Leutze, 1860
Expansionist Young America in Expansionist Young America in the 1850sthe 1850s
Expansionist Young America in Expansionist Young America in the 1850sthe 1850s
•America’s Attempted Raids into Latin America
•Ostend Manifesto
•America’s Attempted Raids into Latin America
•Ostend Manifesto