alabama court o civif l appeals and ca… · (cv-08-903079) on application fo r rehearing pittman,...

22
REL: 06/22/2012 Notice: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the advance sheets of Southern Reporter. Readers are requested to notify the Reporter of Decisions, Alabama Appellate Courts, 300 Dexter Avenue, Montgomery, Alabama 36104-3741 ((334) 229-0649), of any typographical or other errors, in order that corrections may be made before the opinion is printed in Southern Reporter. ALABAMA COURT OF CIVIL APPEALS OCTOBER TERM, 2011-2012 2100246 Brenda F. Campbell and C.W. Campbell v. Bank of America, N.A. Appeal from Jefferson Circuit Court (CV-08-903079) On Application for Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinion of March 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the following is substituted therefor.

Upload: others

Post on 18-Aug-2020

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

REL: 06/22/2012

Notice: T h i s o p i n i o n i s s u b j e c t t o f o r m a l r e v i s i o n b e f o r e p u b l i c a t i o n i n t h e advance s h e e t s o f Southern Reporter. Readers a r e r e q u e s t e d t o n o t i f y t h e Reporter of Decisions, Alabama A p p e l l a t e C o u r t s , 300 D e x t e r Avenue, Montgomery, Alabama 36104-3741 ((334) 229-0649), o f any t y p o g r a p h i c a l o r o t h e r e r r o r s , i n o r d e r t h a t c o r r e c t i o n s may be made b e f o r e t h e o p i n i o n i s p r i n t e d i n Southern Reporter.

ALABAMA COURT OF CIVIL APPEALS

OCTOBER TERM, 2011-2012

2100246

Brenda F. Campbell and C.W. Campbell

v.

Bank of America, N.A. Appeal from Jefferson C i r c u i t Court

(CV-08-903079)

On A p p l i c a t i o n f o r R e h e a r i n g

PITTMAN, J u d g e .

T h i s c o u r t ' s o p i n i o n o f M a r c h 30, 2012, i s w i t h d r a w n , and

t h e f o l l o w i n g i s s u b s t i t u t e d t h e r e f o r .

Page 2: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

B r e n d a F. C a m p b e l l and h e r s o n , C.W. C a m p b e l l , a p p e a l

f r o m a j u d g m e n t i n f a v o r o f B a n k o f A m e r i c a , N.A. ("Bank o f

A m e r i c a " ) , i n an e j e c t m e n t a c t i o n . We a f f i r m .

F a c t s and P r o c e d u r a l H i s t o r y

The J e f f e r s o n C i r c u i t C o u r t ' s j u d g m e n t r e c i t e s t h e

f o l l o w i n g f a c t s :

"The p a r t i e s e n t e r e d i n t o a m o r t g a g o r / m o r t g a g e e r e l a t i o n s h i p b a s e d on a m o r t g a g e and n o t e , w h i c h o r i g i n a t e d on June 10, 1998. S u b s e q u e n t l y , t h e [ C a m p b e l l s ] e x p e r i e n c e d f i n a n c i a l d i f f i c u l t i e s , and t h e l o a n was a c c e l e r a t e d i n 2004 as a r e s u l t o f d e f a u l t f o r nonpayment. Over t h e n e x t two y e a r s , t h e e v i d e n c e shows t h a t [ B a n k o f A m e r i c a ] i n i t i a t e d a number o f l o s s - m i t i g a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s as w e l l as o t h e r a c t i o n s d e s i g n e d t o h e l p t h e [ C a m p b e l l s ] a v o i d f o r e c l o s u r e . These a c t i o n s were u n s u c c e s s f u l , and a l t h o u g h [ B a n k o f A m e r i c a ] s e t a d a t e f o r a f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e i n l a t e 2006, t h e [ C a m p b e l l s ] s t a y e d t h e s a l e by f i l i n g a C h a p t e r 13 b a n k r u p t c y p e t i t i o n . Over t h e n e x t two y e a r s , numerous b a n k r u p t c y p e t i t i o n s were f i l e d , f u r t h e r d e l a y i n g f o r e c l o s u r e p r o c e e d i n g s . [ B a n k o f A m e r i c a ] was g r a n t e d r e l i e f f r o m t h e s t a y o f t h e f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e i n J u n e o f 2008, and n o t i c e o f t h e s a l e was a g a i n g i v e n t o t h e [ C a m p b e l l s ] . The f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e t o o k p l a c e on S e p t e m b e r 3, 2008, a t w h i c h t i m e [ B a n k o f A m e r i c a ] t o o k t i t l e .

" A t t r i a l , t h e [ C a m p b e l l s ] d i d n o t d i s p u t e t h e f a c t t h a t t h e y were i n d e f a u l t ; r a t h e r , t h e y a r g u e d t h a t [Bank o f A m e r i c a ] f a i l e d t o c o m p l y w i t h [ U n i t e d S t a t e s D e p a r t m e n t o f H o u s i n g and U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t ] r e g u l a t i o n s r e g a r d i n g l o s s - m i t i g a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s , and t h a t t h e f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e was t h e r e f o r e w r o n g f u l l y i n i t i a t e d . S p e c i f i c a l l y , t h e [ C a m p b e l l s ] a l l e g e d t h a t [Bank o f A m e r i c a ] was g u i l t y o f

2

Page 3: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

n o n c o m p l i a n c e b y f a i l i n g t o b o t h 1 ) o f f e r a l l p o s s i b l e l o s s - m i t i g a t i o n p r o g r a m s t o [them] b e f o r e b e g i n n i n g f o r e c l o s u r e p r o c e e d i n g s , and 2 ) r e i n i t i a t e l o s s - m i t i g a t i o n e f f o r t s a f t e r t h e r e l i e f f r o m s t a y was g r a n t e d a n d b e f o r e f o r e c l o s u r e p r o c e e d i n g s were resumed."

F o l l o w i n g a b e n c h t r i a l , t h e c i r c u i t c o u r t e n t e r e d a

j u d g m e n t d e t e r m i n i n g t h a t t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s D e p a r t m e n t o f

H o u s i n g and U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t ("HUD") l o s s - m i t i g a t i o n

p r o c e d u r e s were m a n d a t o r y , t h a t Bank o f A m e r i c a h a d

s u b s t a n t i a l l y c o m p l i e d w i t h t h o s e p r o c e d u r e s , and t h a t Bank o f

A m e r i c a h a d e s t a b l i s h e d i t s r i g h t t o e j e c t t h e C a m p b e l l s f r o m

t h e p r o p e r t y . The C a m p b e l l s f i l e d a t i m e l y p o s t j u d g m e n t

m o t i o n and r e q u e s t e d a h e a r i n g on t h a t m o t i o n . The c i r c u i t

c o u r t s e t a d a t e f o r a h e a r i n g , b u t i t d e n i e d t h e m o t i o n

b e f o r e t h e h e a r i n g was h e l d . The C a m p b e l l s t i m e l y a p p e a l e d .

The supreme c o u r t s u b s e q u e n t l y t r a n s f e r r e d t h e a p p e a l t o t h i s

c o u r t p u r s u a n t t o A l a . Code 1975, § 1 2 - 2 - 7 ( 6 ) .

S t a n d a r d o f R e v i e w

"'"Where e v i d e n c e i s p r e s e n t e d t o t h e t r i a l c o u r t o r e t e n u s , a p r e s u m p t i o n o f c o r r e c t n e s s e x i s t s as t o t h e c o u r t ' s c o n c l u s i o n s on i s s u e s o f f a c t ; i t s d e t e r m i n a t i o n w i l l n o t be d i s t u r b e d u n l e s s i t i s c l e a r l y e r r o n e o u s , w i t h o u t s u p p o r t i n g e v i d e n c e , m a n i f e s t l y u n j u s t , o r a g a i n s t t h e g r e a t w e i g h t o f t h e e v i d e n c e . " ' P o l l a r d v. Unus P r o p s . , LLC, 902 So. 2d 18, 23 ( A l a . 2004) ( q u o t i n g A m e r i c a n P e t r o l e u m E q u i p . & C o n s t r . , I n c . v. F a n c h e r , 708 So.

3

Page 4: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

2d 129, 132 ( A l a . 1 9 9 7 ) ) . 'However, as t o i s s u e s o f l a w , ... " ... o u r r e v i e w i s de novo."' P a d g e t t v. Conecuh C o u n t y Comm'n, 901 So. 2d 678 , 685 ( A l a . 2004) ( q u o t i n g A l f a Mut. I n s . Co. v. S m a l l , 829 So. 2d 743, 745 ( A l a . 2 0 0 2 ) ) . "

Weeks v. W o l f C r e e k I n d u s . , I n c . , 941 So. 2d 2 63, 2 68-69 ( A l a .

2 0 0 6 ) .

D i s c u s s i o n

The C a m p b e l l s a r g u e d i n t h e c i r c u i t c o u r t and t h e y now

m a i n t a i n on a p p e a l t h a t Bank o f A m e r i c a ' s a l l e g e d

n o n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h HUD l o s s - m i t i g a t i o n a l t e r n a t i v e s t o

f o r e c l o s u r e c o n s t i t u t e s a d e f e n s e t o a f o r e c l o s u r e a c t i o n . An

e j e c t m e n t a c t i o n f o l l o w i n g a n o n j u d i c i a l f o r e c l o s u r e , h o w e v e r,

i s n o t a " f o r e c l o s u r e a c t i o n , " and a d e f e n s e i n s u c h an a c t i o n

a s s e r t i n g e r r o r s i n t h e f o r e c l o s u r e p r o c e s s i s a c o l l a t e r a l

a t t a c k on a f o r e c l o s u r e . See D e w b e r r y v. Bank o f S t a n d i n g

Rock, 227 A l a . 484, 4 93, 150 So. 463, 470 (1933)

( c h a r a c t e r i z i n g t h e a c t i o n i n J o n e s v. H a g l e r , 95 A l a . 529, 10

So. 345 ( 1 8 9 1 ) , i n w h i c h t h e p l a i n t i f f s o u g h t p o s s e s s i o n o f

c e r t a i n p r o p e r t y he had p u r c h a s e d f r o m a t r u s t e e , who had s o l d

t h e p r o p e r t y p u r s u a n t t o a power o f s a l e i n a deed o f t r u s t ,

and i n w h i c h t h e d e f e n d a n t had a s s e r t e d i r r e g u l a r i t i e s i n t h e

4

Page 5: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

s a l e , as "a s t a t u t o r y a c t i o n i n t h e n a t u r e o f e j e c t m e n t -- an

i n d i r e c t o r c o l l a t e r a l a t t a c k upon t h e f o r e c l o s u r e o f r e a l and

p e r s o n a l p r o p e r t y s o l d by a t r u s t e e , u n d e r t h e power [ o f s a l e

i n a deed o f t r u s t ] " (some e m p h a s i s i n o r i g i n a l ; some e m p h a s i s

a d d e d ) ) . A c c o r d P i n k e r t v. Lamb, 215 A r k . 879, 883, 224

S.W.2d 15, 17 (1949) ( s t a t i n g t h a t an e j e c t m e n t a c t i o n i s a

" c o l l a t e r a l a t t a c k by a p p e l l e e s on t h e ... f o r e c l o s u r e d e c r e e

a n d s a l e ... , and t h e b u r d e n [ i s ] on them t o p r o v e s u c h

d e f e c t s t h e r e i n as w o u l d r e n d e r t h e s a l e and d e c r e e v o i d " ) ;

Dime Sav. Bank, FSB v. G r e e n e , 2002 Pa. S u p e r . 392, 813 A.2d

893, 895 (2002) ( s t a t i n g t h a t " [ a ] n e j e c t m e n t a c t i o n i s a

p r o c e e d i n g c o l l a t e r a l t o t h a t u n d e r w h i c h t h e l a n d was s o l d "

and t h a t , "where i t i s c l a i m e d t h a t [an] u n d e r l y i n g d e f a u l t

j u d g m e n t [ i n a j u d i c i a l - f o r e c l o s u r e a c t i o n ] i s m e r e l y

v o i d a b l e , t h a t c l a i m w i l l n o t be e n t e r t a i n e d b e c a u s e s u c h a

j u d g m e n t c a n n o t be r e a c h e d c o l l a t e r a l l y " ) .

I n a d i r e c t a t t a c k on a f o r e c l o s u r e -- t h a t i s , an a c t i o n

s e e k i n g d e c l a r a t o r y and i n j u n c t i v e r e l i e f t o h a l t t h e

f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e b e f o r e i t o c c u r s s e e , e.g., F e r g u s o n v.

C o m m e r c i a l Bank, 578 So. 2d 1234 ( A l a . 1 9 9 1 ) ; Bank o f Red Bay

v. K i n g , 482 So. 2d 274 ( A l a . 1 9 8 5 ) ; and Woods v. S u n T r u s t

5

Page 6: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

Bank, 81 So. 3d 357 ( A l a . C i v . App. 2 0 1 1 ) , o r an a c t i o n t o s e t

a s i d e t h e s a l e a f t e r i t has o c c u r r e d , s e e , e.g., B e a l Bank,

SSB v. S c h i l l e c i , 896 So. 2d 395 ( A l a . 2 0 0 4 ) ; K e l l y v.

C a r m i c h a e l , 217 A l a . 534, 536, 117 So. 67 , 69 (1928 ); and

B r o w n i n g v. P a l m e r , 4 So. 3d 524 ( A l a . C i v . App. 2 0 0 8 ) - - any

c i r c u m s t a n c e i n t h e f o r e c l o s u r e p r o c e s s t h a t w o u l d r e n d e r t h e

f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e v o i d o r v o i d a b l e may be a s s e r t e d . I n a

p r o c e e d i n g i n v o l v i n g a c o l l a t e r a l a t t a c k on a f o r e c l o s u r e ,

h o w e v e r , o n l y t h o s e c i r c u m s t a n c e s t h a t w o u l d r e n d e r t h e

f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e v o i d may be r a i s e d as an a f f i r m a t i v e d e f e n s e .

" [ T ] h e t r u e d i s t i n c t i o n b e t ween v o i d and v o i d a b l e a c t s ,

o r d e r s , and j u d g m e n t s , i s , t h a t t h e f o r m e r can a l w a y s be

a s s a i l e d i n any p r o c e e d i n g , and t h e l a t t e r , o n l y i n a d i r e c t

p r o c e e d i n g . " A l e x a n d e r v. N e l s o n , 42 A l a . 462, 469 ( 1 8 6 8 ) .

See, e.g., C a r l t o n v. Owens, 443 So. 2d 1227, 1231 ( A l a . 1983)

( s t a t i n g t h a t " [ t ] h e o n l y remedy a v a i l a b l e t o a d e f e n d a n t

s u b j e c t t o a v o i d a b l e judgment i s a d i r e c t a p p e a l f r o m t h a t

j u d g m e n t ; a c o l l a t e r a l a t t a c k i s n o t a l l o w e d " ) ; C i t y o f Dothan

v. D a l e C n t y . Comm'n, 295 A l a . 131, 324 So. 2d 772 (1975)

( h o l d i n g t h a t , b e c a u s e c i t y ' s a n n e x a t i o n o f c o u n t y l a n d was,

a t most, v o i d a b l e , o p p o n e n t s c o u l d n o t a t t a c k t h e a n n e x a t i o n

6

Page 7: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

i n a c o l l a t e r a l p r o c e e d i n g ) ; 23 Am. J u r . 2d Deeds § 1 62 (2002 )

( s t a t i n g t h a t " [ a ] v o i d a b l e deed must be a t t a c k e d , i f a t a l l ,

d i r e c t l y , b u t a deed t h a t i s v o i d may be c o l l a t e r a l l y a t t a c k e d

by anyone whose i n t e r e s t i s a d v e r s e l y a f f e c t e d by i t "

( f o o t n o t e o m i t t e d ) ) .

One commentator has i d e n t i f i e d t h r e e t y p e s o f f l a w s i n

t h e f o r e c l o s u r e p r o c e s s : t h o s e t h a t w i l l r e n d e r t h e

f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e v o i d ; t h o s e t h a t w i l l r e n d e r t h e s a l e m e r e l y

v o i d a b l e ; and t h o s e t h a t a r e i n s i g n i f i c a n t .

"[W]hen t h e power [ o f s a l e i n a m o r t g a g e ] i s e x e r c i s e d i n v i o l a t i o n o f t h e l a w s o r o f t h e s e c u r i t y i n s t r u m e n t t e r m s , q u e s t i o n s a r i s e as t o w h e t h e r c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e l a w s o r i n s t r u m e n t p r o v i s i o n s i s a p r e r e q u i s i t e f o r t h e e x e r c i s e o f t h e power so t h a t t h e p u r p o r t e d s a l e i s u t t e r l y v o i d , o r w h e t h e r t h e v i o l a t i o n i s m e r e l y s u f f i c i e n t l y e g r e g i o u s as t o p r o d u c e a v o i d a b l e s a l e , o r w h e t h e r i t i s so i n s i g n i f i c a n t as t o have no i m p a c t on t h e s a l e . "

" C o u r t s f r e q u e n t l y s p e a k o f f l a w s i n [ n o n j u d i c i a l - f o r e c l o s u r e ] s a l e s so s e r i o u s t h a t t h e y p r o d u c e a v o i d s a l e . ... What t h e c o u r t s mean i n d e n o m i n a t i n g a s a l e as v o i d i s t h a t a d v e r s e l y a f f e c t e d p a r t i e s may have a s a l e s e t a s i d e even t h o u g h t h e p r o p e r t y p a s s e d i n t o t h e hands o f a bona f i d e p u r c h a s e r . I n t h i s s e n s e o f t h e t e r m , t h e r e a r e v e r y few v o i d s a l e s . Most o f t h e c a s e s i n w h i c h a s a l e t o a bona f i d e p u r c h a s e r was s e t a s i d e i n v o l v e d s a l e s by t r u s t e e s o r m o r t g a g e e s who l a c k e d t h e power t o s e l l . "

7

Page 8: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

12 Thompson on R e a l P r o p e r t y §§ 1 0 1 . 0 4 ( c ) ( 2 ) and

1 0 1 . 0 4 ( c ) ( 2 ) ( i ) a t 401-02 (Thomas ed. 1994) ( f o o t n o t e s

o m i t t e d ) .

"Where a d e f e c t i s n o t so e g r e g i o u s as t o make t h e s a l e u t t e r l y v o i d b u t n o t so i n c o n s e q u e n t i a l as t o be o v e r l o o k e d , t h e s a l e w i l l be v o i d a b l e ; t h a t i s , i t c a n be s e t a s i d e a t t h e r e q u e s t o f an i n j u r e d p a r t y so l o n g as t h e l e g a l t i t l e h a s n o t moved t o a bona f i d e p u r c h a s e r . T h i s f o l l o w s f r o m t h e t r a d i t i o n a l common l a w r u l e t h a t a s u b s e q u e n t bona f i d e p u r c h a s e r o f a l e g a l t i t l e t a k e s f r e e o f h i d d e n e q u i t i e s . The r i g h t o f an i n j u r e d p a r t y t o s e t a s i d e a d e e d b e c a u s e o f f l a w s t h a t p r o d u c e o n l y a v o i d a b l e t i t l e i s an e q u i t a b l e r i g h t c u t o f f by t r a n s f e r t o a bona f i d e p u r c h a s e r . "

I d . , § 1 0 1 . 0 4 ( c ) ( 2 ) ( i i ) a t 403.

I n A l a b a m a , t h e f o l l o w i n g c i r c u m s t a n c e s may r e n d e r a

f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e v o i d : (1) when t h e f o r e c l o s i n g e n t i t y does

n o t h a v e t h e l e g a l r i g h t t o e x e r c i s e t h e power o f s a l e , a s ,

f o r e x a m p l e , when t h a t e n t i t y i s n e i t h e r t h e a s s i g n e e o f t h e

m o r t g a g e , S t u r d i v a n t v. BAC Home Lo a n s S e r v i c i n g , LP, [Ms.

2100245, December 16, 2011] So. 3d ( A l a . C i v . App.

2 0 1 1 ) , n o r t h e h o l d e r o f t h e p r o m i s s o r y n o t e , P e r r y v. F e d e r a l

N a t ' l M o r t g . A s s ' n [Ms. 2100235, M a r c h 9, 2012] So. 3d

( A l a . C i v . App. 2 0 1 2 ) , a t t h e t i m e i t commences t h e

f o r e c l o s u r e p r o c e e d i n g s ; (2) when " t h e d e b t s e c u r e d b y t h e

m o r t g a g e was f u l l y p a i d p r i o r t o f o r e c l o s u r e , " Lee v. G a i n e s ,

8

Page 9: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

244 A l a . 664, 666, 15 So. 2d 330, 331 ( 1 9 4 3 ) ; (3) when t h e

f o r e c l o s i n g e n t i t y f a i l e d t o g i v e n o t i c e o f t h e t i m e and p l a c e

o f t h e f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e , S a n d e r s v. Askew, 79 A l a . 433 ( 1 8 8 5 ) ,

b u t s ee K e l l e y R e a l t y Co. v. M c D a v i d , 211 A l a . 575, 577, 100

So. 872, 873-74 (1924) ( s t a t i n g t h a t "a d i s t i n c t i o n must be

made b e t w e e n c a s e s where t h e r e i s no s o r t o f c o m p l i a n c e w i t h

t h e r e q u i r e m e n t o f a d v e r t i s e m e n t o r o t h e r n o t i c e o f t h e s a l e ,

and c a s e s where t h e r e i s a c t u a l l y g i v e n some n o t i c e o f t h e

n a t u r e r e q u i r e d , s u f f i c i e n t t o g i v e p u b l i c i n f o r m a t i o n o f t h e

p e n d e n c y a n d d a t e o f t h e s a l e , t h o u g h i t be e v e r so d e f e c t i v e

o r i n c o m p l e t e , " and t h a t " [ i ] n t h e l a t t e r c l a s s o f c a s e s t h e

f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e w i l l n o t be v o i d , b u t v o i d a b l e o n l y t o t h e

e l e c t i o n o f t h e m o r t g a g o r , p r o p e r l y and s e a s o n a b l y a s s e r t e d " ) ;

and (4) when t h e p u r c h a s e p r i c e p a i d i s " ' s o i n a d e q u a t e as t o

s h o c k t h e c o n s c i e n c e , i t may i t s e l f r a i s e a p r e s u m p t i o n o f

f r a u d , t r i c k e r y , u n f a i r n e s s , o r c u l p a b l e mismanagement, and

t h e r e f o r e be s u f f i c i e n t g r o u n d f o r s e t t i n g t h e s a l e a s i d e , ' "

Hayden v. S m i t h , 216 A l a . 428, 430, 113 So. 293, 295 ( 1 9 2 7 ) .

No c o u r t has e v e r h e l d t h a t a m o r t g a g e e ' s f a i l u r e t o

c o m p l y w i t h HUD l o s s - m i t i g a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s r e n d e r s a

f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e v o i d . The c o u r t s o f o t h e r j u r i s d i c t i o n s

9

Page 10: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

have h e l d e i t h e r (1) t h a t t h e HUD r e g u l a t i o n s a r e c o n d i t i o n s

p r e c e d e n t t h a t must be c o m p l i e d w i t h b e f o r e a m o r t g a g e e has

t h e r i g h t t o f o r e c l o s e on a H U D - i n s u r e d p r o p e r t y and,

t h e r e f o r e , t h a t t h e m o r t g a g e e ' s n o n c o m p l i a n c e c a n be a s s e r t e d

as an a f f i r m a t i v e d e f e n s e t o a j u d i c i a l - f o r e c l o s u r e a c t i o n ,

s e e , e.g., L a c y - M c K i n n e y v. T a y l o r , Bean & W h i t a k e r M o r t g .

C o r p . , 937 N.E.2d 853, 864 ( I n d . C t . App. 2 0 1 0 ) ; o r (2) t h a t

a m o r t g a g e e ' s f a i l u r e t o c o m p l y w i t h HUD r e g u l a t i o n s may be

a s s e r t e d as an e q u i t a b l e d e f e n s e i n a p r e - f o r e c l o s u r e a c t i o n

s e e k i n g i n j u n c t i v e r e l i e f t o f o r e s t a l l a f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e o r

i n a p o s t - f o r e c l o s u r e a c t i o n t o s e t a s i d e t h e s a l e , s e e , e.g.,

W e l l s F a r g o Home M o r t g . , I n c . v. N e a l , 398 Md. 705, 922 A.2d

538 (2007) ( h o l d i n g t h a t b e c a u s e f o r e c l o s u r e i s an e q u i t a b l e

remedy, a m o r t g a g o r may a s s e r t t h e e q u i t a b l e d e f e n s e o f t h e

m o r t g a g e e ' s f a i l u r e t o engage i n t h e l o s s - m i t i g a t i o n

p r o c e d u r e s mandated by f e d e r a l r e g u l a t i o n s and a c o u r t may

p r o h i b i t a f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e u n t i l t h e m o r t g a g e e has c o m p l i e d

w i t h t h o s e r e g u l a t i o n s ) . B e c a u s e an e j e c t m e n t a c t i o n

f o l l o w i n g a n o n j u d i c i a l f o r e c l o s u r e i s n o t a j u d i c i a l -

f o r e c l o s u r e a c t i o n , o r an a c t i o n f o r i n j u n c t i v e r e l i e f t o

f o r e s t a l l a f o r e c l o s u r e , o r an a c t i o n t o s e t a s i d e a

10

Page 11: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e , t h e C a m p b e l l s may n o t a s s e r t Bank o f

A m e r i c a ' s a l l e g e d f a i l u r e t o c o m p l y w i t h l o s s - m i t i g a t i o n

p r o c e d u r e s as a d e f e n s e i n an e j e c t m e n t p r o c e e d i n g . We n e e d

n o t a d d r e s s w h e t h e r t h e c i r c u i t c o u r t ' s f a c t u a l d e t e r m i n a t i o n

-- t h a t Bank o f A m e r i c a h a d s u b s t a n t i a l l y c o m p l i e d w i t h t h e

HUD-mandated l o s s - m i t i g a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s -- i s " c l e a r l y

e r r o n e o u s , w i t h o u t s u p p o r t i n g e v i d e n c e , m a n i f e s t l y u n j u s t , o r

a g a i n s t t h e g r e a t w e i g h t o f t h e e v i d e n c e , " Weeks, s u p r a .

I n s t e a d , we a f f i r m t h e c i r c u i t c o u r t ' s j u d g m e n t , as a m a t t e r

o f l a w , on a n o t h e r , more f u n d a m e n t a l , b a s i s : t h a t t h e

i r r e g u l a r i t y o f w h i c h t h e C a m p b e l l s c o m p l a i n , w h i c h

i r r e g u l a r i t y m i g h t r e n d e r t h e f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e m e r e l y

v o i d a b l e , may n o t be a s s e r t e d as a d e f e n s e t o an e j e c t m e n t

a c t i o n .

I n Coleman v. BAC S e r v i c i n g , [Ms. 2100453, June 22, 2012,

2012] So. 3d , ( A l a . C i v . App. 2 0 1 2 ) , 1 t h e

m o r t g a g o r a r g u e d t h a t t h e f o r e c l o s i n g e n t i t y ' s f a i l u r e t o

1The o p i n i o n on o r i g i n a l s u b m i s s i o n i n Coleman was i s s u e d on F e b r u a r y 3, 2012. Today, we a r e w i t h d r a w i n g t h e o p i n i o n on

; „ . ; „ _ i „,,!-,,.,.,-;„„-;,-,„ „ o i „ „ ,j „,, i - , „ 4--; 4-,, 4--; „ „ a new o p i n i o n . ^ J o l e m a n i n t h i s

o p i n i o n h a s n o t c h a n g e d .

o r i g i n a l s u b m i s s i o n i n Coleman and s u b s t i t u t i n g The h o l d i n g a nd l a n g u a g e r e l i e d upon f r o m Co

11

Page 12: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

e x p l o r e l o s s - m i t i g a t i o n m e a s u r e s was a d e f e n s e t o an e j e c t m e n t

a c t i o n . T h i s c o u r t s t a t e d :

" I n s u p p o r t o f h e r argument, Coleman c i t e s a number o f d e c i s i o n s f r o m o t h e r j u r i s d i c t i o n s i n d i c a t i n g t h a t t h e f a i l u r e t o e x p l o r e l o s s - m i t i g a t i o n a c t i o n s as an a l t e r n a t i v e t o f o r e c l o s u r e i s an e q u i t a b l e d e f e n s e t o a f o r e c l o s u r e a c t i o n . The c a s e s upon w h i c h Coleman r e l i e s do, i n f a c t , c o n t a i n s u c h s t a t e m e n t s , b u t t h e s t a t e m e n t s a r e i n t h e c o n t e x t o f j u d i c i a l - f o r e c l o s u r e a c t i o n s b y m o r t g a g e e s , o r i n p r e - f o r e c l o s u r e a c t i o n s b y m o r t g a g o r s s e e k i n g d e c l a r a t o r y o r i n j u n c t i v e r e l i e f , n o t i n t h e c o n t e x t o f n o n j u d i c i a l - f o r e c l o s u r e a c t i o n s p u r s u a n t t o a power o f s a l e i n a m o r t g a g e i n s t r u m e n t o r p o s t - f o r e c l o s u r e e j e c t m e n t a c t i o n s . See, e.g., F e d e r a l N a t ' l M o r t g . A s s ' n v. Moore, 609 F. Supp. 194 (N.D. I l l . 1985) ( j u d i c i a l f o r e c l o s u r e ) ; ABN AMRO M o r t g . Group, I n c . v. T u l l a r , 770 N.W.2d 851 (Iowa C t . App. 2009) ( t a b l e ) ( d e c i s i o n w i t h o u t a p u b l i s h e d o p i n i o n ) ( j u d i c i a l f o r e c l o s u r e ) ; W e l l s F a r g o Home M o r t g . , I n c . v. N e a l , 398 Md. 705, 922 A.2d 538 (2007) ( p r e - f o r e c l o s u r e a c t i o n b y m o r t g a g o r s e e k i n g d e c l a r a t o r y and i n j u n c t i v e r e l i e f ) ; a nd F e d e r a l L a n d Bank o f S t . P a u l v. O v e r b o e , 404 N.W.2d 445, 449 (N.D. 1987) ( j u d i c i a l f o r e c l o s u r e ) . ' [ I ] t i s g e n e r a l l y r e c o g n i z e d u n d e r A l a b a m a l a w t h a t a power o f s a l e g i v e n u n d e r a m o r t g a g e a f f o r d s t h e m o r t g a g e e an a d d i t i o n a l a nd more s p e e d y remedy f o r r e c o v e r y o f t h e d e b t . ' J o h n s o n v. S h i r l e y , 539 So. 2d 165, 168 ( A l a . 1988) ( c i t i n g P a i n t Rock P r o p s . v. Shewmake, 393 So. 2d 982, 984 ( A l a . 1 9 8 1 ) ) . I n t h e a b s e n c e o f a s t a t u t e o r c o n t r o l l i n g a u t h o r i t y f r o m o u r supreme c o u r t t o t h e c o n t r a r y , we c o n c l u d e t h a t t h e f a i l u r e o f a f o r e c l o s i n g e n t i t y t o c o m p l y w i t h HUD o r [ U n i t e d S t a t e s D e p a r t m e n t o f V e t e r a n s A f f a i r s ] l o s s - m i t i g a t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s may n o t be r a i s e d as a d e f e n s e t o an e j e c t m e n t a c t i o n f o l l o w i n g a n o n j u d i c i a l f o r e c l o s u r e . "

12

Page 13: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

So. 3d a t . I n t h e p r e s e n t c a s e , t h e C a m p b e l l s c i t e

t h e same a u t h o r i t i e s t h a t were c i t e d a nd d i s t i n g u i s h e d i n

Coleman. P e r h a p s r e c o g n i z i n g t h e d i s t i n c t i o n made i n Coleman,

t h e C a m p b e l l s c i t e an a d d i t i o n a l , u n r e p o r t e d C a l i f o r n i a

d e c i s i o n f o r t h e p r o p o s i t i o n t h a t "a p r o p e r t y owner f a c i n g a

n o n j u d i c i a l f o r e c l o s u r e [may] a s s e r t a l e n d e r ' s f a i l u r e t o

a p p l y t h e m a n d a t o r y l o s s m i t i g a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s " as a d e f e n s e .

G h e r v e s c u v. W e l l s F a r g o Home M o r t g . , (No. E041809, M a r c h 13,

2008) ( C a l . C t . App. 2008) ( u n p u b l i s h e d ) . G h e r v e s c u does n o t

s u p p o r t t h e p o s i t i o n t h a t a l o s s - m i t i g a t i o n d e f e n s e may be

a s s e r t e d i n an e j e c t m e n t a c t i o n f o l l o w i n g a f o r e c l o s u r e .

G h e r v e s c u was n o t an e j e c t m e n t a c t i o n ; t h e m o r t g a g o r i n t h a t

c a s e s o u g h t an i n j u n c t i o n t o r e s t r a i n d e l i v e r y o f t h e

t r u s t e e ' s d e e d and t o s e t a s i d e a f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e . The

C a l i f o r n i a C o u r t o f A p p e a l s s t a t e d :

"We see no r e a s o n t h a t a p r o p e r t y owner f a c i n g a n o n j u d i c i a l f o r e c l o s u r e s h o u l d n o t be a b l e t o a s s e r t a l e n d e r ' s f a i l u r e t o a p p l y t h e m a n d a t o r y l o s s m i t i g a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s d e f e n s i v e l y , e i t h e r t o p r e c l u d e o r t o s e t a s i d e a f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e . Where no s a l e has t a k e n p l a c e , a c o u r t may p r e c l u d e t h e s a l e u n t i l t h e l e n d e r c o m p l i e s w i t h t h e [ F e d e r a l H o u s i n g A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ' s ] l o s s m i t i g a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s . Or, i f t h e s a l e h a s t a k e n p l a c e , t h e c o u r t may s e t t h e s a l e a s i d e "

13

Page 14: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

A. The C a m p b e l l s c o n t e n d t h a t , u n l i k e t h e m o r t g a g e

i n s t r u m e n t a t i s s u e i n Coleman, t h e i r F e d e r a l H o u s i n g

A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ("FHA") m o r t g a g e c o n t r a c t "has s p e c i f i c

p r o v i s i o n s i n c o r p o r a t i n g t h e [HUD] r e g u l a t i o n s and s p e c i f i c

p r o v i s i o n s w h i c h p r o h i b i t f o r e c l o s u r e i f f e d e r a l l a w and

r e g u l a t i o n s a r e n o t f o l l o w e d . " The C a m p b e l l s ' m o r t g a g e

c o n t r a c t s t a t e s i n 5 9 ( d ) :

" R e g u l a t i o n s o f HUD S e c r e t a r y . I n many c i r c u m s t a n c e s , r e g u l a t i o n s i s s u e d b y t h e S e c r e t a r y w i l l l i m i t L e n d e r ' s r i g h t s , i n t h e c a s e o f payment d e f a u l t s , t o r e q u i r e i m m e d i a t e payment i n f u l l and f o r e c l o s e i f n o t p a i d . T h i s S e c u r i t y I n s t r u m e n t does n o t a u t h o r i z e a c c e l e r a t i o n o r f o r e c l o s u r e i f n o t p e r m i t t e d b y r e g u l a t i o n s o f t h e S e c r e t a r y . "

I n W e l l s F a r g o Home M o r t g a g e , I n c . v. N e a l , s u p r a , a

l e a d i n g c a s e on t h e i s s u e o f a m o r t g a g o r ' s a b i l i t y t o a s s e r t

t h e m o r t g a g e e ' s n o n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h HUD l o s s - m i t i g a t i o n

r e g u l a t i o n s , N e a l , t h e m o r t g a g o r , f i l e d a p r e - f o r e c l o s u r e

a c t i o n s e e k i n g i n j u n c t i v e r e l i e f t o b l o c k t h e f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e

and damages f o r an a l l e g e d b r e a c h o f c o n t r a c t b a s e d on t h e

l o a n s e r v i c e r ' s a s s e r t e d v i o l a t i o n 5 9(d) o f t h e FHA f o r m

m o r t g a g e c o n t r a c t ( w h i c h p a r a g r a p h i s i d e n t i c a l t o t h e

c o r r e s p o n d i n g p r o v i s i o n i n t h e C a m p b e l l s ' m o r t g a g e c o n t r a c t ) .

M a r y l a n d ' s h i g h e s t c o u r t h e l d t h a t t h e m o r t g a g o r "may n o t

14

Page 15: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

a d v a n c e , as an a f f i r m a t i v e c a u s e o f a c t i o n , a S t a t e l a w

c o n t r a c t c l a i m b a s e d on an a s s e r t e d b r e a c h o f t h e HUD

r e g u l a t i o n s a l l u d e d t o i n h i s FHA f o r m d e e d o f t r u s t , b u t may

r a i s e a v i o l a t i o n o f t h e r e g u l a t i o n s i n p u r s u i t o f an

i n j u n c t i o n b l o c k i n g f o r e c l o s u r e . " 398 Md. a t 711, 922 A.2d a t

541. I n d e c i d i n g t h a t t h e m o r t g a g o r h a d no p r i v a t e c a u s e o f

a c t i o n a g a i n s t t h e m o r t g a g e e f o r a v i o l a t i o n o f 5 9 ( d ) , t h e

M a r y l a n d c o u r t l o o k e d t o 24 C.F.R. § 203.500, w h i c h " p r o v i d e s

t h a t n o n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e FHA m o r t g a g e s e r v i c i n g r e g u l a t i o n s

empowers t h e S e c r e t a r y o f HUD t o impose a ' c i v i l money

p e n a l t y , ... o r w i t h d r a w a l o f HUD's a p p r o v a l o f a m o r t g a g e e . ' "

398 Md. a t 719, 922 A.2d a t 546. The c o u r t c o n c l u d e d t h a t

s u c h an " e n f o r c e m e n t scheme c o m p o r t s w i t h t h e n o t i o n t h a t t h e

r e g u l a t i o n s e n a c t e d p u r s u a n t t o t h e [ N a t i o n a l H o u s i n g A c t o f

1934, 12 U.S.C. § 1701 e t seq . , ] were i n t e n d e d t o g o v e r n t h e

r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t h e m o r t g a g e e and t h e g o v e r n m e n t r a t h e r

t h a n , as N e a l w o u l d have i t , t h e m o r t g a g e e and t h e m o r t g a g o r . "

I d . The c o u r t e x p l a i n e d :

"The o v e r a l l p u r p o s e o f t h e FHA m o r t g a g e i n s u r a n c e p r o g r a m i s t o e n c o u r a g e l e a d i n g l e n d e r s , i n e x c h a n g e f o r a g o v e r n m e n t g u a r a n t e e o f t h e l o a n , t o e x t e n d m o r t g a g e s t o t h o s e c a r r y i n g h i g h e r c r e d i t r i s k s . The r e g u l a t i o n s s e t t i n g f o r t h t h e r u l e s and p r o c e d u r e s f o r t h e p r o g r a m , i n c l u d i n g t h e l o s s

15

Page 16: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

m i t i g a t i o n r e g u l a t i o n s p o i n t e d t o by N e a l and a l l u d e d t o i n p a r a g r a p h 9(d) o f t h e deed, a d d r e s s how p a r t i c i p a t i n g l e n d e r s a r e t o c o n d u c t t h e i r a c t i v i t i e s . Thus, t h e r e g u l a t i o n s do n o t c o n t r o l d i r e c t l y t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t h e m o r t g a g o r and m o r t g a g e e and may n o t be i n v o k e d by t h e m o r t g a g o r as a s w o r d i n an o f f e n s i v e c a u s e o f a c t i o n a g a i n s t t h e m o r t g a g e e . ...

"The l a n g u a g e o f t h e r e g u l a t i o n s b e a r t h i s o u t . W i t h r e s p e c t t o m i t i g a t i n g l o s s e s , ' [ m ] o r t g a g e e s must c o n s i d e r t h e c o m p a r a t i v e e f f e c t s o f t h e i r e l e c t i v e s e r v i c i n g a c t i o n s , and must t a k e t h o s e a p p r o p r i a t e a c t i o n s w h i c h can r e a s o n a b l y be e x p e c t e d t o g e n e r a t e t h e s m a l l e s t f i n a n c i a l l o s s t o t h e D e p a r t m e n t . ' 24 C.F.R. § 203.501. The e m p h a s i s on r e d u c i n g t h e p o s s i b l e l o s s e s t o HUD, r a t h e r t h a n t h e m o r t g a g o r , d e m o n s t r a t e s t h a t t h e r e g u l a t i o n s e x i s t p r i m a r i l y t o g o v e r n t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t h e g o v e r n m e n t and t h e m o r t g a g e e . T h i s i s l o g i c a l i n l i g h t o f t h e f a c t t h a t HUD, b y g u a r a n t e e i n g t h e m o r t g a g e s u n d e r t h e p r o g r a m , h a s a c o n s i d e r a b l e s t a k e i n t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f t h e i n s u r e d m o r t g a g e s . T h e r e f o r e , i t u s e s t h e r e g u l a t i o n s t o p r o t e c t i t s i n t e r e s t s a n d manage t h e p r o g r a m . S e c t i o n 2 0 3 . 5 0 2 ( a ) o f T i t l e 24 o f t h e Code o f F e d e r a l R e g u l a t i o n s a l s o i l l u s t r a t e s t h i s p o i n t b y d e c l a r i n g t h a t m o r t g a g e e s and s e r v i c e r s a r e ' f u l l y r e s p o n s i b l e t o t h e S e c r e t a r y f o r p r o p e r s e r v i c i n g . ' N o t a b l y , t h e r e g u l a t i o n does n o t a d d r e s s t h a t t h e m o r t g a g e e s ' and s e r v i c e r s ' a r e r e s p o n s i b l e t o t h e m o r t g a g o r s . "

398 Md. a t 719-20, 922 A.2d a t 546-47. A c c o r d Moses v. Banco

M o r t g . Co., 778 F.2d 267, 272 n.2 ( 5 t h C i r . 1 9 8 5 ) ; Hayes v. M

& T M o r t g . C o r p . , 389 I l l . App. 3d 388, 391, 906 N.E.2d 638,

642 ( 2 0 0 9 ) .

16

Page 17: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

N e a l a r g u e d t h a t he h a d no e f f e c t i v e o p p o r t u n i t y t o

a s s e r t a n o n c o m p l i a n c e d e f e n s e i n M a r y l a n d b e c a u s e , he s a i d ,

t h e j u r i s d i c t i o n s t h a t h a d r e c o g n i z e d s u c h a d e f e n s e h a d

c o n s i d e r e d i t an e q u i t a b l e one t o be r a i s e d i n a j u d i c i a l -

f o r e c l o s u r e p r o c e e d i n g and, he s a i d , j u d i c i a l f o r e c l o s u r e s

were r a r e i n M a r y l a n d , w i t h most f o r e c l o s u r e s b e i n g b a s e d on

t h e p o w e r - o f - s a l e p r o v i s i o n s i n a m o r t g a g e i n s t r u m e n t . The

M a r y l a n d c o u r t r e j e c t e d t h a t a r g u m e n t , s t a t i n g : "[W]e a r e o f

t h e o p i n i o n t h a t t h e v i o l a t i o n s o f t h e HUD m o r t g a g e s e r v i c i n g

r e g u l a t i o n s a l l e g e d ... b y N e a l may be a s s e r t e d e f f e c t i v e l y as

an a f f i r m a t i v e d e f e n s e w i t h i n t h e i n j u n c t i v e r e l i e f a p p a r a t u s

p r o v i d e d i n R u l e 14-209(b) ( 1 ) , [Md. R u l e s , ' I n j u n c t i o n t o S t a y

F o r e c l o s u r e ' ] . " 398 Md. a t 727, 922 A.2d a t 551 ( f o o t n o t e

o m i t t e d ) .

N e a l had, i n f a c t , u t i l i z e d t h e v e r y avenue o f r e l i e f t o

w h i c h t h e M a r y l a n d c o u r t a l l u d e d . I n t h e p r e s e n t c a s e , t h e

C a m p b e l l s ha d t h e same avenue o f r e l i e f a v a i l a b l e t o them. As

p r e v i o u s l y d i s c u s s e d , A l a bama r e c o g n i z e s t h a t an a f f i r m a t i v e

d e f e n s e t o an a l l e g e d l y v o i d o r v o i d a b l e f o r e c l o s u r e may be

a s s e r t e d i n b o t h p r e - f o r e c l o s u r e a c t i o n s t o b l o c k a

f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e s e e , e.g., F e r g u s o n v. C o m m e r c i a l Bank,

17

Page 18: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

s u p r a ; Bank o f Red Bay v. K i n g , s u p r a ; and Woods v. S u n T r u s t

Bank, s u p r a ; and i n p o s t - f o r e c l o s u r e a c t i o n s t o s e t a s i d e a

f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e s e e , e.g., B e a l Bank, SSB v. S c h i l l e c i ,

s u p r a ; K e l l y v. C a r m i c h a e l , s u p r a ; and B r o w n i n g v. P a l m e r ,

s u p r a . A l a b a m a l a w does n o t , h o w e v e r , r e c o g n i z e t h a t an

a f f i r m a t i v e d e f e n s e t o an a l l e g e d l y v o i d a b l e f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e

may be a s s e r t e d i n a c o l l a t e r a l p r o c e e d i n g s u c h as an

e j e c t m e n t a c t i o n .

B. The C a m p b e l l s c i t e B e r r y v. D e u t s c h e Bank N a t i o n a l

T r u s t Co., 57 So. 3d 142 ( A l a . C i v . App. 2 0 1 0 ) , and Hawkins v.

L a S a l l e Bank, N.A., 24 So. 3d 1143 ( A l a . C i v . App. 2 0 0 9 ) ,

o v e r r u l e d on a n o t h e r g r o u n d , B e r r y , s u p r a , as s t a n d i n g f o r t h e

p r o p o s i t i o n t h a t a m o r t g a g o r may r a i s e i r r e g u l a r i t i e s i n t h e

f o r e c l o s u r e p r o c e s s as an a f f i r m a t i v e d e f e n s e t o an e j e c t m e n t

a c t i o n . B e r r y and Hawkins c a n n o t be r e a d so b r o a d l y . Not a l l

i r r e g u l a r i t i e s i n t h e f o r e c l o s u r e p r o c e s s , b u t o n l y t h o s e

i r r e g u l a r i t i e s t h a t w o u l d r e n d e r t h e f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e v o i d ,

may be r a i s e d as a f f i r m a t i v e d e f e n s e s t o an e j e c t m e n t a c t i o n .

I n B e r r y , a m a j o r i t y o f t h i s c o u r t r e v e r s e d a summary

j u d g m e n t i n f a v o r o f t h e m o r t g a g e e , h o l d i n g t h a t t h e r e was a

g e n u i n e i s s u e o f m a t e r i a l f a c t as t o w h e t h e r " t h e f o r e c l o s u r e

18

Page 19: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

s a l e was i n v a l i d on t h e g r o u n d t h a t t h e p r i c e r e a l i z e d a t t h e

f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e was so low i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e m a r k e t v a l u e o f

t h e p r o p e r t y as t o s h o c k t h e c o n s c i e n c e , w h i c h w o u l d

c o n s t i t u t e an a f f i r m a t i v e d e f e n s e t o [ t h e m o r t g a g e e ' s ]

e j e c t m e n t c l a i m . " 57 So. 3d a t 149. That h o l d i n g i s

c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e g e n e r a l p r i n c i p l e p r e v i o u s l y d i s c u s s e d

t h a t , i f t h e p u r c h a s e p r i c e i s so i n a d e q u a t e as t o s h o c k t h e

c o n s c i e n c e and r a i s e a p r e s u m p t i o n o f f r a u d , t h e i n a d e q u a c y i s

a c i r c u m s t a n c e t h a t may r e n d e r t h e f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e v o i d i n

A l a b a m a . See Hayden v. S m i t h , s u p r a .

I n H a w k i n s , t h i s c o u r t h e l d t h a t t h e r e was a g e n u i n e

i s s u e o f m a t e r i a l f a c t as t o w h e t h e r t h e c o l l e c t i v e s a l e a t

f o r e c l o s u r e o f t h r e e p a r c e l s o f l a n d hampered t h e m o r t g a g o r ' s

a b i l i t y t o redeem t h e one p a r c e l on w h i c h he was r e s i d i n g .

Our o p i n i o n a n a l y z e d a l o n g l i n e o f A l a b a m a c a s e s (a)

i n d i c a t i n g t h a t a s a l e i n p a r c e l s o r l o t s i s d e s i r a b l e b e c a u s e

i t " ' o p e n s a f i e l d t o a g r e a t e r number o f b i d d e r s , i s

c o n d u c i v e t o a b e t t e r p r i c e , t e n d s t o p r e v e n t o d i o u s

s p e c u l a t i o n upon t h e d i s t r e s s o f t h e d e b t o r , and e n a b l e s h i m

t o redeem some o f t h e p r o p e r t y w i t h o u t b e i n g c o m p e l l e d t o

redeem i t a l l , ' " H a w k i n s , 24 So. 3d a t 1149 ( q u o t i n g J.H.

19

Page 20: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

M o r r i s , I n c . v. I n d i a n H i l l s , I n c . , 282 A l a . 443, 455, 212 So.

2d 831, 843 ( 1 9 6 8 ) ) , a n d (b) h o l d i n g , f o r t h e most p a r t , t h a t

an en masse s a l e t h a t c a u s e s i n j u r y t o t h e m o r t g a g o r v i o l a t e s

t h e m o r t g a g e e ' s d u t y o f f a i r n e s s and good f a i t h i n e x e c u t i n g

t h e power o f s a l e and i s , t h e r e f o r e , s u f f i c i e n t t o i n v a l i d a t e

t h e s a l e and t h e f o r e c l o s u r e d e e d . B u t s e e R u d i s i l l v.

B u c k n e r , 244 A l a . 653, 655, 15 So. 2d 333, 334-35 (1943)

( s t a t i n g t h a t , " [ i ] n t h e a b s e n c e o f [a] s t a t u t e t o t h e

c o n t r a r y , t h e e f f e c t o f a s a l e o f m o r t g a g e d p r o p e r t y a t

f o r e c l o s u r e u n d e r t h e power o f s a l e i n t h e m o r t g a g e en masse

o r en b l o c u n d e r c i r c u m s t a n c e s where i t i s t o t h e i n t e r e s t o f

t h e m o r t g a g o r d e b t o r t o have i t s o l d i n s e p a r a t e p a r c e l s o r

t r a c t s , i s n o t t o r e n d e r t h e s a l e v o i d , b u t i r r e g u l a r and

v o i d a b l e on d i r e c t a t t a c k " ) . I n H a w k i n s , we c o n c l u d e d t h a t ,

i f t h e f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e a n d f o r e c l o s u r e d e e d were i n v a l i d ,

t h e n t h e m o r t g a g e e ' s a s s i g n e e h a d no s t a n d i n g t o b r i n g t h e

e j e c t m e n t a c t i o n . I n B e r r y , we o v e r r u l e d H a w k i n s t o t h e

e x t e n t t h a t i t h e l d t h a t t h e e j e c t m e n t p l a i n t i f f ' s s t a n d i n g

was i m p l i c a t e d , and we d e t e r m i n e d t h a t t h e a l l e g e d i n v a l i d i t y

o f t h e s a l e a n d t h e d e e d c o n s t i t u t e d an a f f i r m a t i v e d e f e n s e t o

t h e e j e c t m e n t a c t i o n . B e r r y , 57 So. 3d a t 149-50. H a w k i n s ,

20

Page 21: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

t h e r e f o r e , i s t h e most r e c e n t i n a l i n e o f A l a bama c a s e s t h a t

a p p e a r s t o p o i n t t o w a r d t h e r e b e i n g a f i f t h c i r c u m s t a n c e t h a t

w i l l r e n d e r a f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e v o i d i n A l a b a m a : when an en

masse s a l e i n j u r e s t h e m o r t g a g o r an d v i o l a t e s t h e m o r t g a g e e ' s

d u t y o f f a i r n e s s and g o o d f a i t h i n e x e c u t i n g t h e power o f

s a l e . A c c o r d i n g l y , we c o n c l u d e t h a t B e r r y a n d H a w k i n s a r e

c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e g e n e r a l p r i n c i p l e t h a t i r r e g u l a r i t i e s i n

t h e f o r e c l o s u r e p r o c e s s t h a t w o u l d r e n d e r t h e f o r e c l o s u r e s a l e

v o i d may be r a i s e d as a f f i r m a t i v e d e f e n s e s t o an e j e c t m e n t

a c t i o n .

I I .

The c i r c u i t c o u r t ' s f a i l u r e t o h o l d a h e a r i n g on t h e

C a m p b e l l s ' p o s t j u d g m e n t m o t i o n was h a r m l e s s e r r o r b e c a u s e t h e

m o t i o n ha d no p r o b a b l e m e r i t and t h i s c o u r t has r e s o l v e d t h e

i s s u e s p r e s e n t e d t h e r e i n , as a m a t t e r o f l a w , a d v e r s e l y t o t h e

C a m p b e l l s . See Ware v. D e u t s c h e Bank N a t ' l T r u s t Co., 75 So.

3d 1163, 1172 ( A l a . 2011) ( c i t i n g H o l l a n d e r v. N i c h o l s , 19 So.

3d 184, 197 ( A l a . 2 0 0 9 ) ; K i t c h e n s v. Maye, 623 So. 2d 1082,

1088-89 ( A l a . 1 9 9 3 ) ; and G reene v. Thompson, 554 So. 2d 376,

381 ( A l a . 1 9 8 9 ) ) .

The j u dgment o f t h e J e f f e r s o n C i r c u i t C o u r t i s a f f i r m e d .

21

Page 22: ALABAMA COURT O CIVIF L APPEALS and Ca… · (CV-08-903079) On Application fo r Rehearing PITTMAN, Judge. This court's opinio of Marcnh 30, 2012, is withdrawn, and the followin is

2100246

APPLICATION GRANTED; OPINION OF MARCH 30, 2012,

WITHDRAWN; OPINION SUBSTITUTED; AFFIRMED.

Thompson, P . J . , and B r y a n , Thomas, and Moore, J J . ,

c o n c u r .

22