agents of erosion notes. erosion caused by…running water erosion is… the process by which soil...
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Agents of Erosion Notes
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Erosion Caused by…Running Water
Erosion is…The process by which soil & sediment are transported from one location to another.The running water of the Colorado River cut down into the rock and formed the Grand Canyon over millions of years.
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Flood Control (Levee)
Overflow from rivers/streams (running water) can be controlled by a barrier called a _____________. It is the buildup of sediment deposited along the channel of a river. People often use sandbags to build an artificial levee to control serious flooding.
Levee
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Deposition in Water (Delta)Deposition is…The process in which material is laid down or dropped.When a river empties into a large body of water, like a lake or an ocean, the current slows. The river often deposits its load of sediments in a fan-shaped pattern called a ________. It is made mostly of ___________.
delta
mud
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Deposition on LAND (Alluvial Fan)
When a fast moving mountain stream flows onto a flat plain, the stream slows down and deposits sediment. The sediment forms an ____________________. They form on __________ whereas deltas form in the mouth of a _________ or ____________.
Alluvial fanDry land
streamriver
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Erosion Caused by WAVESWhen ________ crash into rocks over long periods of time, the rocks are broken down into smaller and smaller pieces until they become sand.Waves play a major role in building up (constructive) and breaking down (destructive) the _____________________.
waves
shoreline
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Erosion Caused by WAVESWinds that result from _____________ and ____________________ produce large waves that cause dramatic shoreline erosion. A tremendous amount of ____________ is released when waves break. A crashing wave can break solid rock and throw broken rocks back against the shore. As a result of these actions, rock is broken down into smaller pieces that eventually become ______________.
hurricanesSevere storms
energy
sand
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Erosion Caused by WAVES
Some coastal landforms created by wave erosion are:• Sea stacks• Sea arches• Sea caves• Headlands• Wave-cut terraces
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WIND ErosionWind causes sand-sized particles to bounce and move the sand grains into one another. The skipping and bouncing movement of sand-sized particles in the direction the wind is blowing is called _____________.Wind can deposit extremely fine material. Thick deposits of this sediment are called _________. The wind can carry this fine material long distances from its source.
saltation
loess
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WIND ErosionWhen wind hits obstacles, like _________, or rocks, the wind slows down. This slows down erosion. These obstacles cause heavier material (like sand) to be deposited (constructive) forming a _____________. These mounds of wind-deposited sand are called _____________.
plants
mound
dunes
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ICE & GLACIER ErosionA ___________ is an enormous mass of moving ice. They form in areas that are so cold that snow stays on the ground year-round. Because glaciers are so massive, ____________ causes them to flow slowly.
glacier
gravity
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ICE & GLACIER ErosionA ___________ glacier (a type of alpine glacier) forms in valleys in mountainous areas created by ________ erosion. They flow downhill and widen and straighten the valleys into _____ shapes from the original ______ shapes.
valley
stream
U
V
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ICE & GLACIER Erosion
Continental glaciers are huge continuous masses of ________. The largest continental glacier in the world covers almost all of __________________. These glaciers ___________ the landscape by scraping and eroding features that were around before the ice appeared. They can flatten mountains.
Ice
Antarcticasmooth
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Erosion caused by GRAVITY
Movement of water and ice is affected by __________, and it also causes rocks and soil to move downslope.Sometimes gravity causes rapid mass movement of rock that can be the most ________________ and very dangerous.
gravity
destructive
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Erosion caused by GRAVITYA __________ happens when loose rocks fall down a steep slope.A __________ is the sudden and rapid movement of a large amount of material downslope.A ________ is the most common type of landslide. This happens when a block of material moves downslope over a ____________ surface.
Rock-fall
landslide
slump
curved
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Erosion caused by GravityA ______________ is a rapid movement of a large mass of mud. This happens when a large amount of water mixes with soil and rock. Mudflows (destructive) can carry trees, houses, and cars.Slow mass movement occurs more ____________ than rapid mass movements. An example of slow mass movement is _________. Plants and animals can loosen rocks and soil and cause the rocks/soil to slowly travel downhill.
mudflow
frequently
creep