o i R ~ a 6 n o s d i (ARNOLD J. TOYNBEE) Gnd~:"nfiimfgi?Gnp

~ i l u ~ ~ ~ u l ~ i i i nlsdfii8iqnniclnssu t A a o ~ u i u n i a r ~ d u u ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ e j i ~ n ~ i ~ ~ a i ~

ni~~~.sw~n^ad~1~nY'u'buda:~n~~~n~w'bua:wii~3 n.R. 1760-1825 &nion?iubilu

oi~#ifin$u n ~ i u ~ i ~ ~ ~ i n i ~ d i i u g m m ~ n ~ a u ~ 6 ~ n i a w " ~ ~ i u i ~ ~ u d i ~ u r i o u w ~ i ~

(AGE OF DISCOVERY) Y OJVIPI?;IT~ :wii;rnmasswd 15 une 16

"aul Bernstein and Robert,~. Green, History of Clvlllzetlon : Slrlce 1648 pol. 11, New Jersy I

: Rowman & Allanheld, 1976), P. 178.

SANCE) ~ i ~ ~ f i n n i ~ r i u n ~ i i m i d ~ n u i m ~ ~ f ~ ~ ~ z ~ i i n n i ~ d ~ z ~ w ~ ~ ~ 6 ~ i d d ~ z ~ ~ ~ % ~ e \ b r i & s i o ~ % o

~ R ~ Q J ~ o ~ ~ Q ~ ~ ~ ~ J ~ I ~ L ~ Y G S c d r d s f Cad (JETHRO TULL) m ~ O j n q d 6 d ~ r l w ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ d ~ ~ i i x b ~ u f i n 4 " 1 1

6ulu.i( R.H. 1701 ~ ~ o ~ i j o ~ i ~ n h ~ ~ ~ n 6 3 1 0 ~ ~ 7 ~ ~ u b ~ d b ~ ~ 1 ~ 1 2 ] o d ~ n ~ ~ ~ d o ~ i i u b ~ i j n ~ % d 2 d ldiiuo?luilo!riu ~ ~ n ~ i n ~ ~ ~ 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ c l ~ l ~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~ % ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ' d v f i ~ ~ ~ f i ~ n i ~ d ~ n ~ " I I

~iluf osmuc Lji~C3z~duu

%lad ~16\%ir6 (CHARLES TOWNSHEND) ~ r r u i u 6 ~ o ~ t u ~ r ~ ~ i n o f a d 1

( H . 1714-1 727) d&nqw ~ U l 3 ~ ~ ~ i [ ~ M l n l 3 2 1 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 1 ~ 7 3 ~ ~ 3 " 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 2

I n udiroiri2Cnnin (TURNIP) u 1 ~ ~ n ~ 4 o ~ f i u I ~ ~ : L I ~ ~ a ~ ~ q ~ ~ s a i ~ a u f i i I f i ~ i I 6 7 u cu c

rruq~i-ii TURNIP TOWNSHEND U R ~ ~ I ~ . ~ I ~ ~ U J L ~ M ~ R ~ A L L ~ ~ # ~ O I ~oi . rcuunml~n

G~aitnsii~ 7 ~ 1 u ~ u ~ u ~ ~ u ~ n i r ~ ~ ~ ~ u I ~ ~ ~ o a ~ ~ i I ~ Inol$~a\ i lw~f i$n:o~d~u13i~dlu~

SPINNING JENNY

' u n i i n s l ~ ~ q ~ ~ ~ ~ n n u ~ % m " ~ ~ , ~onnisni-iaouqmiaiuy~dn'uoisu~ss~ Man and Clvl- c Z d

iization ~ ( i?uA 8-15 (8uwnnn 10; n7rJmw.l : i ~ ladn~rv iur l . 2529). HCI 33.

LRISOJ~M&U r d LOU^ €Il%dd (JAMES HARGREAVES) a ia0 jn~w~d3e~w~~ns~df iu6 io

!kEhb%l~g n.n. 1767 h t I l & Q d l SPINNING JENNY muisaf iw~iu~6f lar I 6 L ~ U

~ i l ~ ~ 6 1 u ! ~ f l w d i w a u u 7 n s d ~ ~ d f i ~ m u n w f o d ~ m s 6 1 u ~ ~ w o ~ n u i ~ n 9 ~ ~ o e ~ ~ b n r

VI UIU 6 d ^salim oiiplsn' (RICHARD ARKWRIGHT) ~ iao jnr lw161]sr6w3~ns~~f i~

~iubwui~n~~uuIuil n.n. 1769 Imu13Qaii WATER FRAME I n ~ l d i i i ~ ~ l w w ~ ~ i i w unu~~s~~iuuywd aiuimfiuGi ilril~~iluu41 wauuinni i~~nr~~rnniw~ni iniodf iw Q onui~in~n4o;l SPINNING JENNY

r 4 rrauuqa nsoudXu (SAMUEL CROMPTON) m a ~ j n ~ ~ l l s r 8 w ~ r n ~ a ~ ~ w

~IUIUTJ n.m. 1779 Qo SPINNING MULE ~ r n ~ ~ s u u r r t u ~ s i n r n ~ ~ ~ f i ~ d i i u ~ a ~ a i f ~ ~ d

CrJoifn!~n' ~ i u i s n ~ u 6 1 u ! 6 ~ a ~ 400 ~ ~ u b n u f i s d ~ w a o n u i o r ~ n a i u b ~ ~ o a ~ ~ w :

nwniw r n ~ ~ f i i ~ m w i ~ r ~ r w k ~ i n ~ o ~ i l ~ ~ ~ d d i w c. d r& b?$A mi&~lsn' (EDWARD CARTWRIGHT) aiaojn q d ~ s e 8 w ~ b n s o ~

Gnsnofii VI+Q fi lug n.m. 1785 f i i o i i POWER LOOM ~ n i o ~ ~ n m ~ r n t ~ i ~ ~ n i s

~ m m ~ n . r r u n a ~ 1 5 n i ~ ~ ~ u i ~ u " ~ n i i n i ~ u ~ m l w ~ ~ m Wa ingfif (ELI WHITNEY) a i a ~ ~ u ~ s ~ m u i a n w ~ m ~ n ~ a ~ d ~ ~ w i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ m ~ i u

t o COTTON GIN Idug n.R. 1793 ~ d m u i ~ n r ? i d i w ! ~ a ~ e i i d ~ a ~ ~ ~ a n i i n i a ~ w i ~

c i i i u i j o ~ ~ n d b ~ u v f l ~ w u 1 2 w Q ~ ~ 'rqlllT

Inca i i ~ ~ o r u u (THOMAS NEWCOMEN) ai?&nq~[yntbnlunl.rn~unis dse~wf~n"so~<nsIoJ'i6g MINER'S FRIEND l?uS n.n. 1712 ~c?ola?unisnu~i %

o a n o i n t ~ d a ~ r i i ~ ~ u roud iR6 (JAMES WATT) a~qrflafioa 16d?udl~~n$oa<n ~IoJ"~~oa lns~"r

i h n obuu aumuisn~iuids~n~u1.a';7'u~~1"Joda"nm~fioa8u"I~~ ~40'luS n.n. 1767 11.4 t q ~ i 6 o u i ~ ~ " s o ~ ~ n s ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ' i u ~ ~ ~ n ' ~ i n ~ ~ n ~ ~ n " J a ~ < n s w n ' ~ ~ i ' lufianisdtffuq~c n'ynisn~drn~nu~t$fioam~n~sunow'i ' l~s:~~id~ n.n. 1760-1 800'

'~dward Mc Nall Burns, et al., Western Civilization Volume II (10' ed; New York : W.W.

Norton 8 Company, 1984), PP.226-231.

nlaRBJMlRBJ Y

~ n ' s o ~ o ' n ~ o ~ 7 u o n ~ i n o ~ r u ' i u i B ~ n ~ i w n i ~ 6 i u ~ ~ m ~ n ~ ~ u n i s n ~ ~ ~ ~ 8 n rrnr

n i m o w ' i u h rn'so~<nslo& u j ~ ~ i u i d ~ n ~ i n n i ~ e i i u n i ~ inolu7l n.q.

18x1 uoia a&vlurSu (GEORGE STEPHENSON) a lao jnqw b%Js:fiwfsno'ns

lo&$o ROCKET d ~ m u i s n 6 a a i u a 16 ~ ~ 6 d ~ ~ a l ~ ~ ~ u n ~ ~ s n l v J r f ~ 6 o ~ e i o . r m i i ~ r i j o ~ F i ~ a a f y n (LIVERPOOL) rYur i jatuuurarr~oi (MANCHESTER) ~ R j a i n

~ u ~ d n q w f i ~ u $ ~ w ~ o n ~ f f ~ ~ ~ ~ u n n i o u ~ ~ i f l u d s ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t % i ~ i ~ 6 ~ u d

ROCKET

ds:Gwf~?on~b4do CLERMONT OU~I:HUNR~L~O

c i a u ~ q a n n ~ ~ B o GREAT WESTERN r~ludonnlvJiirrsndmuisnudwu'lu

sevl ivn5d q~sdn'~d.r~~n~m?,so~u'in~ lug n.n. 1840 uauum ua#a (SAMUEL MORSE) ~ n d ~ O i w ~ i a o ~ U f r 7 u .

~ 6 $ ~ u 7 ~ m ~ o ~ ~ ~ n s ~ i u a u m ~ i s n ~ # n ~ s ~ n % d o u 7 ~ n ~ n l s i l d m u l n f ~nz~indo5::t'liid

78 ' HI 352

tiiodbiuof (BALTIMORE) iYun7daoti~nic (WASHINGTON, D.c.) I'rhtfilu9 n.n. 1844 wan'd'l n.n. 1866 ~ ~ ~ n i ~ i ~ m e r n t f i s l ~ ~ s O u i ~ ' i u u ~ i a ~ n a ~ ~ ~ m ~ ~ n u ~ n ~ ~ u wnh13o

1I.d n.R. 1876 Q L ~ ~ ~ % ~ U L A D ~ LIISUtlU L~JR~$ (ALEXANDER GRAHAM

BELL) r i n d ~ ~ u f n i a Q ~u i~u~#~mufp f i~m ~6~iuif::uu~nf~wfloumui~~1~.a'nif~'r d r , Y d

, I ~nsuddcnouituarSL~Ctilk~u~~n BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY ~ u t w o ~ i A o n i ~

Gmeion1~6iuhri7wfl

lu'l n.n. 189s ~ n i i a h uqiTRIS (GUGLIELMO MARCONI) niatmitSeu

fpiuisn d~rG~f5nqlnsu~oud.rrfpuwnhifo douilufl n.R. isor In ' i in i~r i~

R'ry ly in i inq~n~~n~u' iuu~ib~~n~~~~cn~~nu~noud~: :~u~~b&~Qo~

~ I ~ H G C ~ ~ ~ I I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ W ~ ~ I U U I ~ B U ~ G I ~ ( L U ~ I ~ ~ J ~ ~ ' ~ Q G ~ I W q q nam I. ~ k , i n ~ i i a n ~ n l f i R C ~ i ~ ~ T a u (GLORIOUS REVOLUTION) lu'J n.R.

1688 f inql i [~~ddt lutde~nisdn~~~dui~~: :uu%'~d~i ~"i'bw'6jnq%tbliodd3::k~un'u

i lNmn i~~ i ro~n iduk tdu'buo#mdej~uu~ 2. & n q d n i l i n i ~ d ~ % ~ i ~ ~ i u ~ n w m ~ n ~ ~ u l u ~ ~ ' ~ ~ i ~ ~ n.n. 1730-1 850 l n e

a d m 16?unisariuayuoinr"uin \nu 1Wnisoanng~uiua 'ou~an~~ (ENCLOSURE

ACT) t t ~ t l ~ f t ~ ~ l d ! ? R.R. 1795-1812 12ii)nlf Q ~ ~ ~ J J H ~ l f J d l ~ ~ ~ d f ~ ~ l ~ 1.500

au'ut~o~finis~~ua~un1~6iuni~~nw~a ~ ~ ~ m u i . i o w ' s l u i n i ~ 6 i u n i ~ ~ n w ~ ~ ~ 6 ~ ~ u ct c: o d i ~ l ~ r k a &nqw~nu%uiwiuwin~~~~u~mmwnnu~

3. &nqwijniaw'wui~::uu~~u~ni~~~n::~ul.a'a::u u i u ~ Q ~ . n i ~ n i 7 2 lunni

~ € l ~ l l 5 ~ l ~ l S % l 8 (CENTRAL BANK) 16~nCk1&$u'bu9 n.R. 1694

4. ?3ui~ns i~u o ~ o j n ~ w I " r u ~ i ~ ~ ~ s t u u ~ ~ i ~ a ~ n i ~ ~ ~ ~ w ~ i i ~ ~ ~ ~ a u ' u ~ ~ n i ~ ~ i

~~4~u'iluilfAuojnqw Q~~iluwauiointn^awnm oRir nOn (ADAM SMITH) rin

I R S ~ R I R ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ R T ~ O R ~ ~ u ~ l f i ? ~ u i ~ ~ ~ i ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a n ' u ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ n n u Z f i ~ ~ ~ I l d ~ k ~ $4

~ i l u h l a h 6 y u Q J H ~ ~ ~ R Q THE WEALTH OF NATIONS $~1~iijni~~m~uw'u"ulu'l

8 Bernstein and Green, Hlstory of Clvlllzatlon : Slnce 1684, PP. 180-1 85

' ~ l a n Palmer, The Penguin Dictionary of Modern Hlstory (Aylesbury : Hazell Watson &

Vlney Limited, 1983), P P. 110. I

~ u w ~ n n n u n ~ ~ ~ P i l ~ r " u n i ~ ~ o i ~ m ~ o 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 a 1 n w ~ n u 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 v o ~ I ~ ~ ~ 1 u uonaind u u k ; n i l ~ i LQI u.r~diu~4n LL~::I~"~~I'I~~~u~IO'IJ ~~f-~iun"Oii w~nnnun3$~~2un2nu

do ~ U n f b d d l l l ~ d d l ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ onma"~Tu~ni~fli~iua~

COMBINATION ACT

FACTORY ACT

0 Walter L. Arnstein, Brltaln Yesterday and Today 1830 to the Present (5" ed; Massachu-

setts : D.C. Heath and Company, 1988), PP.49-50.

1. n?uqudiuaudiafliio (SKILLED LABORS) I

2. G i f i i i ~ - d ~ b 6 n ~ n ~ i u (APPRENTICE)

3. do~oaCuui~lu~oa~i4ia~~.raaiu ~ a f i i T l j r ( i ~ n f i i l : l f i % n i a ~ e , ~ ~ n a i u (STRIKE)

wwniwnaaunsuo~C~nqwlur~ah~iou~w~u~snaau~aa%un~~n~r~!o~ou muiank6d W ~ ~ R I I ~ J J I U (LABOR PARTY) $ ~ ~ U R I U I ~ ~ L Y S I U I D U M ~ I ~ ~ K ~ ~ I ~

L: d nisriiooniuwfi~dnaiuTannr~n I ' i i ~ : ~ 6 n a i u u i i f i u ~ i i d d d h ~ ~ ~ 0 d ~ s r n

~~indiruuluwGuSogCu'~

n i s d ~ ~ ~ o l ~ i ~ n s s u u o d d s z 1 M ~ ~ ~ ~ n 7 ~ ~ o a ~ ~ d ~ ~ s d

dsrrnnuuninfiunidq~sd (CONTINENT) fia~ri~u~unaiu61awJiwid

n i u g ~ m w n n ~ v o ~ o j n ~ rwmtiim~w?~didu~nn L:

I. b i i n n a i ~ ~ ~ a i u n d n i d 6 i u n i 3 i i i ~ d i i ~ : b ~ a w ~ ~ o d d L D U W B U I ~ I ~ Z ~ ~ B W R

Y ~dn idf j%l~$~d; -"d b ~ 6 1 b b ~ t ~ l ~ ~ l ~ ~ l ~ l ~ 1 1 ~ d ~ ~ d b 8 u QJLR~~.+,IWI:M.~IJ~ n.n.

1792-1815 bfius:u:~anii% 23 d

2. naiu6iawhnid6iuniada:iwIbna~d~oLLnt~n~oda'na%~n~w~ uod & n ~ w 1 6 n a i u ~ ~ u & d d i ~ ~ a r ~ n d n ~ n i ~ u n a i u ~ ~ b ~ o ~ r i ~ f l ~ n i a i w u b b w ~ ~ d ~ ~ d ~ : ~ n n d QU"]

odirlsn'niu 6 d b b d R.R. 1830 L$U$UUI ~ R R I v ~ ~ T ~ u Y Q J ~ T L L ~ R ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ " ~

nidq~sdn'huiai~tu hnnisflnw u~:niahao~ ~Gauuuuoindse~nnojn~ lnu

i i i ~ u i a u a e n ~ u u i u ~ u ~ ~ ~ d s : ~ w ~ u u n ~ n 6 u n 4 d ~ f i a ~ 1 ~ ~ ' n i a ~ p i : ~ ~ u

n P*n w a n w d g ~ o l q o l ~ ~ ~ n m DOQ nisdga~~mwnnuriolJibii~wana~n~ni~61~niab~~ insqiia aa:knu

nOQ

Qlun1~uanua:ni~au adialsfiniu wani~gangolmwnnua~bfiuniaai~mn~iu ~Ji~iinniadiu d.iduimaIiunaiu~~io~ pniwouiah nisnuuina ourlllfl$?n$ naiuiiluodltu U u9iZu~m:dfiik~iimnisrdduuudail~~ndia fik$dsrsiauui~n6u

I6iudacTu.nM"1uni9nu bbu~ti n a k

'O~ohn P. Mc Kay, et al., A Hlstory of Western Soclety (Vol. II, Boston : Houghton Mifftn

2. riolvirfinauZuladCh 2 " I I U ~ M A F I ~ W ~ M (CAPITALIST) Lmnssuns

(PROLETARIAT) n$J"IIu$d 2 n~u~nreij~ry~irion"u~wai::wannaa~~na~n~::qn ~ai6~oi~diuuoinwanuiuyu l n u ~ a w i : i l ~ ~ i ~ o ~ ~ a l u ~ n i a ~ i ~ i u ~ t b u i ~ u i u ' b ~

umrdl6?udidid~~add~tbdi ~ n i u ~ d a : n o u n i a l r i ~ n ~ ~ n w m : odid3n"aiu wan # U P ( nnunsn~~unu~6~niiw~n"11iauiua:w~ndd.r::nouoi~w~iu~~~~~iu2tb~nwm::~u~

6iunnianis~ii a a ~ u n i s ~ u ' i ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n ' ~ i n I u w ~ ~ n n i ~ ~ a a oucnwsardduu~niu-

rnwnniuu1~~uau~u~'~nn~~a'1urad19i0~1 U I

3. r i a l~~ f i nn i~~~ud iu~ fad~ r~~n~ faoe i i~ f3n~4a flilfiiwnGnmuuiiio 3.1 ~ f i n m ~ ~ i m ~ m n u a ~ ~ ~ ~ flilfid~zmi~udoiR'uo~luauun6o~ow uw

~$i ldt l ia iuf l imiu~Gaal~~ 7 ~ q u n ~ ~ i l s C 1 ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ n u n n ~ o i t l ~ ~ ~ ~ n " n u " ~ l ~ l o i ~ ~ n u 6 6.d a (IRELAND) O u l f ~ l $ L ' l i i n lll?nilmn b3t)ndl IRISH FAMINE l ~ . d a d W f l ? n l ? t 6 1840

L d rdoaoinni5uinimnu~ud;d sctnriiniurwn:Ai.rrnulnuoaw3nllURafliniUrj~

(Blight) f l i ~$%l? l~?% (IRISH) ~ D W uw ~i?'i~d+~diu.~i~~o"anqb hdtl@% o ~ u n ~ i u ~ d ~ ~ d u ~ u ~ u d s ~ " ~ ~ ~ m ? ~ o ~ ~ ~ n i ' ~

3.2 r i c l i r ~ n J ~ t l i n i s i i ~ ~ l u Bao:~wnnanuI~~finn~iu~mtlu~r~unz

"~alrner, The Penguin Dictionary of Modern History, P. 154.,

3.3 I ~ ~ F ~ ~ I ~ Q W L I W Y 04 J S I % I % % ~ ~ " I I U ~ ~ L ~ Q L U " I ~ ~ M I J I U ~ I ~ ~ I U L ~ ~ ~ . J ~ M ~ d -~~d12Grdo~fliini31Jf =:noufionif 301m~nf f~~df=:a inf o i ~ u ~ ~ o d i ~ ~ u i r r ~ u rnfl

u d a ni.ruiaunsu6o~oik h u f l a ~ o i ~ u n u o y / n " ~ d ~ n ~ u n " n ~ m t o u r i o ~ ~ ~ f i m ~ ~ ~ ~ j ~ ~ ~ o u - lnsu (SLUM) krildoi~u~nfl~u~~w~nnnuns

4. ri ol~rAnnnurairyrn~6iu~~~w~fio ~~n=:ni~uiu~~ni~Giuqo1mwnrTaJ un~yn1~61

5. rio2~rfimn~iu1oicyn'i~~ib'in~6iuni~n~uinu dn1~yanno4 Ri i~nuu

Ri"l~n.~fnld rracnifr6uliad?udo%tb1ml~d rblodsz~~aflunifvrad~~u$1'ir~n=:nia

18iuni.o

6. d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ n f ~ ~ ~ u ( / ~ ~ r u ? ~ ? i u ~ m v ~ ~ ~ n d ~ a ~ i u i ~ n [ ? u d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ? ~ u \ ~ qimu~iia$uusewiwui un,un'un~~un3 nrjucindiaryii~diA~lou~unclrir~u&~u ~ ~ ~ : U ~ I R ~ W J ~ ~ ~ U U Y L ~ ~ " ~ ~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Q ~ ~ W I ? R ~ ~ ~ ~ W ~ L ~ D ~ I L ~ ~ U ~ ~ L ~ L I % ~ L Q W I U ' ( / Q

n$uuiulu b~rauai"au~uh~2Sn"dni~n~c0i~nT'~ fEuli'rfian~iurnuomn U R ~ G d~c?riau\~?~3~huud~~n'611~ieuh 64ifu ~ ~ n n i s ~ i i v i i u J f i u h u ~ ~ n n S ~ ~ 3 u d ~ f i

d uu ldI~dm3nwi uloRmdG4nha ~8uuu~ni~nifeiaflG~~rin~unffunfnpnn'u9uu1u Y mdih lBg411~h (SOC bdo brfl~bb65zrdaq~~q~1~91~

l r i q l m u n i ~ k n u Cnnrliary~nuGuuc(6&~q7 tnu

u%u6f~uou (CLAUDE HENRE DE SAINT-SIMON n.R. 1760-1825) uuu-14 9

4 d 'FI?~+~LRR UA=:L~~U UTOPIAN SOCIALISM H ~ ~ ( i f l % l ~ ~ h J ~ ~ ~ l l V l .IIJ~&~~UQ

n q ~ ~ k n u f t u u l u ~ C ~ # a L!lNDUSTRlE unc NOUVEAN CHRISTIANISME ~au~rrwo u u ? b l i y nnnfdfmou~-~nisn1~6iu~o1~~1~nr~u ?nwflianf uatfindz n?ffli?

t u ~ u u i r ~ u t J d i ~ a ~ ~ u a u n~u~rauadatn~nia1i'a3'a~nis bodsraiaun?soelni?i

~ ~ u l u r i ~ u ~ n u r ~ ~ n ~ u n ~ l X ? ~ d ~ u ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ) i n n i l ~ ~ a 6 ~ l u u n ~ i f ~ d o u l d u n ~

yo4 rrm6 %ad l 6 ~ r ~ i & 5 ~ n ~ % l d ~ ~ 1 u i 3 v o d & r ~ ~ aiad d i i o i (CHARLES FOURIER n.R. 1772-1 837) cnd?nzgiuu?

., d

ri~nuGuuaiqd%r~a ~.~.r~~nualuho~uo~ni~~12f.~u"u n ~ ~ u ~ ~ n u ~ r n a ~ u n n o n m

uo~rrmriah $ro~rio~nifr~un?iui?1~fio~~~tn?iunnuniju'1ui4nud~n&~$uu1 br i lau lw~o i i PHALANXES ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ n u ~ ~ ~ z ~ i a u m u i ~ n ~ f i ~ i ~ o 1 i u n ~ i u m u i ~ n ~a~n5IuniwJGui?unirrn~~Giu ~ n o 1 0 ~ ~ ~ n u o 1 n i i i u ~ i ~ u quaulu

a ~ u ~ 3 a a ~ d i t o i (FOURIERIST COMMUNITIES) 16Gn~m$d#ulu~'ir?~oo% (NEW

JERSEY) LL~Z?~LL I IRRI~L&I~ (MASSACHUSETTS) dsz~n~n~ l?p~u in -~ ld i l d nianud 1040 1d66~ad~urJ'ulfiu~2~19ioui orii&finiu r~ua8nuoofi~of fl6

e

Svllnaia~~u~~u~riis~inlud~~~~wrr~~~wriio

T s L ~ & totqu (ROBERT OWEN n.R. 1771-1858) uiunuo(~mvns~aa~? 1 1

knqu~6?ui iua1~ i i i~Clu l i~ iua~~~bk~ui iuuuo~&nqv vRjainrrrwuqul6 a d

IIU?M~JU~~? ~ Q L ? w L L R : $ N ! U ~ M ~ P ~ ~ ? ~ ~ ' M ~ W ~ ~ ~ ~ U " I I M Q ~ ~ M ~ ~ T U I I M ~ 32 ~IUI~PI # A &

(NEW LANARK) ~uaflaol Lrflum qfdnd~~fiordat Runaiu6%7L?p L L ~ ~ Q L - J U ~ ~ ~ ? ~ " U Y O G G J oln$u?irciau ~ d o ~ o 1 n n 1 s 6 ~ ; r u 1 1 e i Z M ' ~ a ' w ~ n 1 ~ ~ t r i w a n n ~ ouvhlriw~flils . #l&?unln~~ ~ u n n l d Q ~ ~ ~ Q ~ ~ ~ ~ R ~ I J ~ ~ ' I I M ~ ~ ~ B J ' I I I G L ~ ~ ~ 7 !i!'uluuluauun~~~a~ 32 aifluii (NEW HARMONY) l u i ' u ~ i i ~ ~ i i lsr~nn~w?~o~uini lus:wii13 n.R. I 82s-

1828 U ~ ~ ~ ~ Q J & J ~ ~ U L ~ Q I ~ Q U I ~L/lIb%ll~ ~ O L ? M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I T ~ W ~ ~ ~ M ~ M ' ~ ~ I ~ L L ~ ~ a d d ws~na~ycunn~noa$o~n'ul~~iwgnm~nr~al~0'~n~w 1ruan~iuFinuo~lo~au16

n ~ i ~ l ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ n i ~ l f l t ~ r i M ' n K ~ n u G ~ ~ l ~ o ' ~ n q w ~ ~ ~ a n ~ o i ~ a i iluoi la tad W ~ R Q J a (PIERRE-JOSEPH PROUDHON n.n. I 809-1 865)

P - o a d ~nmnufuualadhIm ~ 6 ~ ~ u w v w ~ ~ a a a WHAT IS PROPERTY lug n.R. 1840

I n u ~ w u o n a l u ~ d ~ i nin&ui?ucRiRonis& (PRIVATE PROPERTY WAS

THEFT) U R L I R U O ~ M ' ~ U ~ U I R ~ ~ ? ~ U I ~ $ ~ L S ~ J ~ ? ~ U L ~ ~ O U & ~ I . J L B I ~ ~ ~ ~ " ~ ?IlflUo L L

nqs~:lrun?~uu~n~ un~i~6\m'u io inni~f l i iu r~uo~fl"uuinimo~11~~nin~~d~~M'

h ~ ~ ~ ~ ? h h a (ANARCHISM)

n~uouiSlna u (ANARCHISTS) l i n a i a ~ ~ o ~ i ~ ~ u i n q n ~ ~ u i n ~ f ~ n i s dnnf OJ

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'=Burns, Western Civilization Volume II, PP. 667-668.

I4Bernstein and Green! History of Clvilization : Since 1648, PP.190-193.