Age of Absolutism

Chapter 17

Extending Spanish Power

• Charles V– King of Spain– Hapsburg

Empire– Ruling Two

Empires– Constant

Warfare

Map of Hapsburg Empire

Phillip II

• Absolute Monarch

• Divine Right

Wars of Phillip II

• Battle of Lepanto– Defeats the

Ottomans

• Battled Protestants in Netherlands– Northern

Provinces Declare Independence

• Queen Elizabeth I– Spanish Armada

Spain’s Golden Age

• siglo de oro• Golden Century• 1550-1650• Phillip II a Patron of the Arts

Painters in Spain

• El Greco– “The Greek”– Jesus driving

the moneychangers from the Temple

• Diego Velazquez– Las Marinas

Writers

• Lope de Vega– 1,500 plays

• Miguel de Cervantes– Don Quixote

Economic Decline

• Lack of Strong Leadership

• Economic Problems– Overseas Wars– Neglect of Farming

and Commerce– Expulsion of

Muslims and Jews– Soaring Inflation

France under Louis XIV

• Rebuilding France– Religious Wars

• Huguenots v. Catholics

– Edict of Nantes• Henry IV

– Foundations of Royal Absolutism

• Centralized Power

• Bureaucracy

Louis XIV Strengthens Royal Power

• Henry IV Assassinated

• Louis XIII– Richelieu

• “L’etat, c’est moi”– “I am the State”

• Did not call Estates General

• Intendants• Strongest Army in

Europe

Successes of Louis XIV

• Royal Power• French Army

Strongest in Europe

• Wealthiest State– Versailles

• Arts Flourished

Failures of Louis XIV

• Costly Wars• Rival Rulers

Joined Forces• Persecution of

Huguenots– Revoked Edict

of Nantes– Forced To Flee – Economic Blow

Triumph of Parliament in England

• The Tudors– Divine Right– Recognized Power

of Parliament• Henry VIII

– When he broke with church, needed to go to parliament to get money

• Elizabeth I– Consulted and

controlled parliament

The Stuarts

• Divine Right• Clashed with

Parliament• James I

– Dissolved Parliament

– Collected Taxes on his own

• Charles I– Ignored Petition of

Right– Dissolved

Parliament– Ruled w/o for 11

years

English Civil War

• Supporters of Charles I-Cavaliers • Forces of Parliament/Oliver Cromwell-Roundheads• Charles on Trial• House of Commons• Cromwell-Lord Protector• Charles II

Glorious Revolution

• James II-Catholic?

• William and Mary

• Bill of Rights• Limited

Monarchy

Rise of Austria and Prussia

Protestant North and Catholic South

Thirty Years’ War

• Causes– Rival German Princes– Religion

• Local conflict turns into a European War

Results of the Thirty Years’ War

• The Peace of Westphalia• Depopulation• France• The Hapsburgs• Germany Divided Again• The Netherlands and present-day Switzerland

Peace of Westphalia

Austria and Prussia

• Austria– Hapsburgs-HRE– Uniting the

Empire?– Maria Theresa

• Prussia– Hohenzollern

Family• Efficient

Bureaucracy• Reduced Nobles

Role• Frederick William

I– Army

• Frederick II

Maintaining the Balance of Power in Europe

• Austria, Prussia, France, England and Russia

• Two Rivalries• Prussia battled Austria• Britain and France

Europe in 17th century

Absolute Monarchy in Russia

• Peter the Great– Westernization– Boyars– Western

Technology and Culture

– Autocratic Methods

– Spread of Serfdom

Expansion under Peter

• Warm Water Port

• Baltic Sea• Treaty with

Qing• Bering Strait

Map of Russian Territory in Asia

Map of Bering’s Voyage

Catherine the Great

• Czar Peter III-Insane-Assassinated• Catherine-Wife-Takes over• Reorganized the Provincial Govt.• Warm-Water Port• Partition of Poland