Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

(African Tryponosomiasis)

Bio 51: Parasitology LectureREPORTER: Dades, Dyan D.

References: • Murray, P.R., K.S. Rosenthal, G.S. Kobayashi and M.A. Pfaller.

2000. Chapter 76: Blood and Tissue Protozoa. Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. Mosby Publishing. St. Louis

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2015. Parasites - African Trypanosomiasis (also known as Sleeping Sickness). 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/sleepingsickness/biology.htmlOdero, R. 2015. African trypanosomiasis. Medscape. Retrieved from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228613-overview#a5

The Culprit! Trypanosoma brucei gambienseKingdom: ProtistaPhylum: SarcomastigophoraClass: ZoomastigophoraOrder: KinetplastidaFamily: TrypanosomatidaeGenus: TrypanosomaSpecies: T. bruceiSubspecies: T. b. gambiense

LifeCycle

The VectorGlossina palpalis, commonly known as Tsetse fly, is the carrier of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

Brief Description:The African trypanosomiasis

is a deadly disease caused by the Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and trasnsmitted by the tsetse fly.

Causes• A bite from an infected tsetse fly causes African

trypanosomiasis .• Blood transfusions are a rare cause of parasitic

transmission.• In rare cases, accidental transmission in the

laboratory has been implicated.

EpidemiologyLimited/distributed only to

Central and West Africa

SymptomsShort term symptoms Long term symptoms1. Occasional Ulcer 1. Lethargy2. Fever 2. Tremors 3. Myalgia 3.Meningoencephalitis4. Athralgia 4.Mental retardation5. Lymph Node Enlargement 5. General Deterioration

Final Stages of the Disease6. Convulsions7. Hemiplegia

8. Comatose State9. DEATH

Laboratory Diagnosis• Thin and thick blood smears

• Centrifugation of heparized samples and anion-exchange chromatography

• Serologic test• Immunofluorescence• ELISA• agglulation

Treatment, Prevention and Control

Acute stages:1. Suramin 2. Pentamidine3. Difluoromethylorit

hine

Chronic Stages:1. Melarsoprol 2. Tryparsamide with suramin3. Difluoromethylorithine

Treatment, Prevention and Control 1.Control Breeding Sites

2.Insecticides3.Treatment of Human

Cases