b human african trypanosomiasis. human african trypanosomiasis (hat) is commonly known as sleeping...
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bHuman African
Trypanosomiasis
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is commonly known as sleeping sickness
HAT proceeds rapidly from lethargy through coma to death
HAT is caused by a parastic protozoan
HAT is spread by the tsetse flyor through contaminated blood
Life Cycle
There are two Types of HAT
• Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
• Acute -- can cause death in weeks or months
• Trypanosomoa brucei gambiense
• Chronic --lasts years
The two types of HAT affect
different partsof Africa
The major risk Factor I, once again… exposure to these little bugs!
100% Fatal if left untreated
cardiac failure or from the infection itself
Past epidemics have left their mark on Africa.
Blood Smears can be used todiagnose HAT
Cerebrospinal Fluid Tests can also be used.
• Look for presence of trypanosomes• High levels of CSP protein and WBCs
Complete Blood Count (CBC) are another test used.
• Look for high levels of immunoglobulin protein M
• Anemia• High levels of White blood cells
Melarsoprol used to be the most common treatment.
• Arsenic based• Kills 5% of patients
“Like fire in the veins”
Eflornithine had less side effects butwas far too costly and inconvenient
• 1 hour infusions, every 6 hours for 2 weeks• $655
Nifurtimox-Eflornithine Combination Therapy (NECT) is the first new treatment in 25 years
• On WHO’s Essential Drugs List (2009)• $330
NECT has considerably less side effects.
• 86% Experienced Side effect• 37.9% Mild
• 54.7% Moderate
Work to find new treatments is being done right here in North Carolina
“it will be the first new, orally active treatment for sleeping sickness in the past 30 years”
Currently, the PATTEC is attempting to eradicate HAT.
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