Jan.-Feb., 1969 Africa Summit Conference Reports

AFRICA DAY

SPECIAL

MESSAGEQy DR. KWANIE NhRU\fAH

DESIGNEDTACTICS

HASTENINGRACIALCONFLICT

By DA 8: UBA

2

THE CASE OF OCCUPIED AFRICANorE : .The following are quotations from the case

of "South ll'est Africa" (Namibia) and the occupiedareas of Africa, presented to the United Nations' Gen-eral Assembly, -November 21 7, 1968 by 12r. V. J.111waanga, the representative of the Republic of Zambia(formerly Northern Rhodesia) and reproduced for ourreaders' ! benefit.

Naani'bia, is known to all Africans as the area thathuropeans called "South West Africa." SIVAPO, isthe abbreviation of (South lhest African People Or-ganization) . "Boutustans" are barren ; slow death areasin South Africa in which Africans are thrown bydugged-in armed Europeans scattered reservationsand guarded against, relief, genocide camps.

The population of South Africa and Namibia is 16million Africans and 3 million Europeans.

Parenthetic statements, subheads apd Italics are ours .

Once again the General Assembly is considering theproblem of Namibia, which has remained fixed on theagenda of the United Nations for many years. Sincethe subject was last debated, the situation has assumeda grave proportion, which will darken the pages ofhistorv.WeUhave witnessed the creation of the first bantustan

in Namibia, the removal of all the indigenous peoplefrom the old location of Windhoek to segregated areas,the killing of SWAPO freedom fighters in CapriviStrip a few weeks ago, and the denial of justice to the31 Namibians who were being illegally tried by SouthAfrican Courts ; to mention only a few.

It has been evident since 1946 that the racist regimeof South Africa had decided to incorporate Namibiawithin its territorial frontiers. As is well known, sub-sequent efforts by the International Community to dis-lodge South Africa from the territory of Namibia didnot bear any fruitful results.

A Gauntlet Thrown to''All Africans

It is a matter of deep regret to my delegation thatthe International Community has failed to compelSouth Africa to abandon its criminal policy. Insteadof taking resolute and drastic measures against SouthAfrica, Ax Uni.ted Nations has been evasive and in-effective. More than seventy (70) resolutions on thisquestion prominently occupy the pages of the UnitedNations. It is clear that resolutions alone will not haveany meaningful effect on the course of events - inNamibia or indeed help to speed up the achievementof self-determination and independence for the suffer-ing people of that territory.The United Nations has a special and direct re-

sponsibility to the people of that territory, because notonly are we confronted with a case of sheer colonialdomination in its most hideous form, but we are alsoduty bound to defend the very spirit of the Charter.The "League of Nations" mandate for Namibia canno longer serve as a valid basis for the perpetual fore-

ible enslavement of half million people in their home-land by a minority clique of white imported racistsoperating in South Africa .

The International Court of Justice (an imperialistarm) took six long years to decide judging not to judge". . . the imperative merits of the case brought beforethe Court by the African States of Ethiopia andLiberia.

U. N., Come Out in the Open

The fundamental issue is moral, humanitarian andpolitical. Namibia is the homeland of 500,000 Afri-cans ; quite unlike the imported racists in South Africa,have no other hom-. These people and their ancestorshave lived there for centuries, and one might say evensince the dawn of history. Therefore, they have aninalienable right to live there in peace without anyforeign domination or oppression .They have a God given right to their freedom and

independence and to develop their own political, socialand economic institutions. They have a right to enjoytheir own cultural heritage, no matter what any cliqueof arrogant outsiders might think. And as such thereis no mandate, no treaty, no law on earth that couldlegitimately rob them of this right of freedom and self-dc-termination.The United Nations itself is not endowed with the

riL,:ht to obstruct the wishes of the indigenous peopleof Namibia. The urgent question is that of freedomor enslavement, and it is high timA that Member Statesof the United Nations, and especially those who havethe key to the balance of power in that area, let theworld know on which side they are on .

Military Fortress Against African Nationalism

The shrewd banditry of South Africa's behavior ex-presses itself in the way she skillfully abuses the legalprocess in making white friends and oppressing Afri-can people. First as a mandatory power, she was inthe enviable position to exploit the mineral wealth ofNamibia for her own selfish profit, and at the sametime secure a huge chunk of Africa as a Northernmilitary fortress against the inevitable rise of Africannationalism to the North.

Such naked piracy is certainly unparalleled in inter-national affairs. . . The racist regime in South Africauses international law to get what they want, then ternround after to reject the very existence of the law."The actions and attitude of the Pretoria regime aretantamount to international legal gangsterism.

This being the case, the United Nations has abso-lutely no alternative but to respond to the wishes ofthe indigenous people by bringing this regime to sanity.

It is the duty of all Members of this organizationwho love peace, who believe in the universal brother-hood of man, who love freedom and justice to supportappropriate measures to rid the people of Namibiafrom foreign occupation and other manifest evils of'

(Continued on page 14)

AFRICAN OPINION

AFRICAN OPINIONJournal of

Independent Thoughts and ExpressionVol. 8

JANUARY-FEBRUARY, 1969

Nos. II & 12

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Jas. L. Brown .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . .. . . . . .. . .. ... . . . . .. . .. .. . . .. .. . . . . . .. .. . . Editor and ManagerVictor G. Cohen . . . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. .. .... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..... . .. . .. ... . .. Associate EditorH. Cumberbatch . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . .... . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. .. . Associate EditorGladys P. Graham (Famata) . . .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . Woman's Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

Organization of African Unity (OAU)

The Black Man'sHOLIDAY

Front Cover Photo : School Boy in Equator May 25th of Each YearProvince, Kongo, Unobstructed and Freefrom Fear. UN Photo. THE UNIVERSAL AFRICAN

The Case of Occupied Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NATIONAL DAYLetters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4"Return to Africa Heard at Hampton . . . . . . . . . 5 We, the Signers, appeal to all Organizations ofWhither Are We Going? African descent: Religious, Political, Fraternal,By Victor G. Cohen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . etc., for Mutual Observance of:

Africa Day Special Message May 25th - All Africans' DayBy Dr. Kwame Nkrumah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Let's Ring the Bell - Ring it Loud!Land Grant to African-Americans . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Designed Tactics Hastening Racial Conflict U N I A & African Communities League

By Da & LTba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Ethiopian World Federation, Inc.Society of African Descendants, Inc.

Africa Invites Black Power Conference . . . . . . . . 11 Our Families Protection Association, Inc.

Africa Summit Conference Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)African-American Teachers Association

AFRICAN OPINIONHarlem Labor Union

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Dear Editor,I compose this letter because I am

deeply interested in the political andsocial progress of my homeland, Af-rica. Although I was born here inAmerica my heart and soul have al-ways been in Africa among myBrothers and Sisters with whom Ishare a common cause "in all rela-tive aspects."

Sir, I read every edition of theAfrican Opinion and I must com-ment that it is very informative aswell as educational for those whoare interested in the obvious or lessobvious struggles of the black mancollectively . It is a wonderful feel-ing to be able to read African litera-ture and feel confident that youare receiving the truth ; as doesone experience reading the AfricanOpinion.

Without complaining in this facet,I profoundly feel that every blackperson in America has experiencedthe persecution of prejudice dis-crimination in some form or otherwithout provocation. Thus it is bothsad and tragic the injustice which Ihave had to sustain at the hands ofpolitical scavengers ; who saw theopportunity to further their politicalcareers through my persecution andsufferings .I was illegally sent to prison for

allegedly kidnapping three racistpolice officers. My trial was widelypublicized, as a result of this, thepresiding judge and other politicalpersonnel perpetrated to deprive meof enjoying any form of justice.Therefore I was used as a. scapegoatand a political stepping stone. ThusI am at present a political prisonerwhose efforts towards freedom areconstantly being obstructed by thewhite politicians who are responsiblefor my illegal incarceration .

Without elaborating upon the dailyatrocities which I sustain in prison,I would like to request of you, Mr.

4

African World Wide Survey

October 17, 1968

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

MY THOUGHT FOR TODAYBy W. D. Anderson, LiaisonThere used to be a great struggle

for "Integration", "Equal Rights"and "Racial Equality" . There issomething that causes all of thistrouble and excitement . We shouldask ourselves the question : If we allstarted out equal (IndependenceDeclaration : "that all men are cre-ated equal . . .") what happened?Did we lose our equality? If welost it, let's find it, then put it towork for our best interests .

If we have talents let's join handsaround the world and use our talents,not to make others unhappy, but useit for ourselves and our coming gen-erations' safety, security and happi-

Editor, to assist me in my endeavorto correspond with Africans of bothsexes, who are interested in their Af-rican-American Brothers and Sisters,so that I may thus broaden my scopeupon the country which I am unitedby a common cause.P.S . : Mr . Editor, I doubt if this

letter will reach you because my mailhere at this prison is frequently ob-structed . However, if it does reachyou "Please" acknowledge receivingsuch .

Sincerely,

Otis X. Adams, #90279P. O. Box 779Marquette, Mich. 49855

Otis X. Adams

AGENTS WANTEDto handle

AFRICAN OPINIONAddress :

Circulation Manager8 WEST 117th STREETNew York, N . Y . 10026

REMEMBER THE FREEDOMFIGHTERS

IN ANGOLA, MOZAMBIQUE,RHODESIA, SOUTH WEST AFRICA

ness. If we have talents and do notuse them we must blame no one butourselves .True we have been brought up in

a surrounding where we saw but lit-tle in picture, carvings or readingthat would have a tendency to re-mind us that we have had a glorioushistory. Lacking these we seem to beblind to the truth and deaf to theecho of our calling .

The Emancipation Proclamationis over a hundred years old. Sincethe declaration men and women ofboth races have gone far to point outthe true way to what we need - andthat should be what, we want. Thiswill give us complete Emancipation.Then we will cease to be big babiesand accept being weaned .Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jeffer-

son, Charles Fenton Mercer, JamesMonroe, Paul Cuffe, Bishop H. M.Turner, Mrs. M. L. Gordon, MarcusGarvey . . . have put forth the ef-forts to make us men.

Let us integrate our financesamong ourselves now and also signa petition for the passage of a Re-patriation Bill . This will go furthertowards solving our problems honest-ly, realistically and safely than any-thing else that some of our peopleare now attempting.For further information and clari-

fication of the workings of UniversalNegro (African) Improvement As-sociation and African CommunitiesLeague, visit the local "Liberty Hall"any Sunday 3 P.M. at 1110 Broad-way, Cincinnati, Ohio. Rev. W. E.Sanders, President.

AFRICAN OPINION

The faculty and student body ofHampton Institute, one of the col-leges set up for the education ofAfricans freed from American slav-ery, heard a renewed plan to relievethe vexing problem facing blackpeople in America.The plan of action was discussed

bv Bro. Mustafa Hashim, a repre-sentative of the African RepatriationAssociation with office at 5119 Chest-nut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.The Association, Mr. Hashim re-

ported, "has presented a bill to theCongress of the U. S. requestinggovernment assistance "to those whowant to return" to the Africanfatherland and who, because of dis-crimination and repression, havebeen prevented from amassing themeans to move with their familiesand belongings and to sustain them-selves for the brief period of read-justment .The request, the lecturer went on,

is only a fraction of reparation duethe Africans for over 300 years ofblood, sweat and tears that helpedbuild America.

Garvey's Plea RepeatedOpening with Marcus Garvey's

"appeal to the soul of white Amer-ica," he said, "the historical condi-tions which led to the depression, de-gradation and de-humanization of thefreed Africans have not changed.The dictated solution to our prob-

lem of "laying down our buckets"here has, as planned, failed miser-ably. For that reason, "we must

AFRICAN OPINION

"'RETURN TO AFRICA" HEARD AT HAMPTON

return to mother Africa, since Amer-ica no longer needs us," especiallywith her "Population Explosion",her perfected automation, chronicunemployment, mounting relief casesand the tax burden ."The brothers in the jails, the

poor, the oppressed, the 'unemployedare truly aware, willing and haveever been ready to return to Africa,the spokesman said, "where condi-tion and climate are far more favor-able to a happier living than here .

Visiting Students to AfricaReported

Highlighting the program was Mr.John A. Williams' film comparingscenes on his visit to Nigeria, withpalm trees, dancing and playing onbeaches, with the impoverished areasof Philadelphia . Williams statedthat he was called "Omowale" whichmeans "the son who has returnedhome" in the African language.Many of the students signed a pe-

tition giving their support to "theright of those, who want to returnto Africa," to seek government aidthrough Reparation.Mr. James Parker, Chairman of

the "Black Forum", invited Bro.Mustafa to Hampton.

Parker was also in Nigeria fortwo months during the summer andwas adopted by a Nigerian family.During his trip he also visitedGhana, Togoland and Dahomey. Hesaid that the question most oftenasked bv the Africans he met waswhy did he stay in America? "I was

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unprepared to answer that question,"Parker said. "It was the first timeI had been presented with it." Only21 years old, he is now hoping toreturn and help build Africa aftergraduation from Hampton in Vir-ginia.

Mr . L. Kofi Brown, President

Three Bills Before CongressThe program ended with a great

ovation and Bro. Mustafa was ex-tended an invitation to return thecoming semester to further developthe theme of Repatriation. TheodisHolland, president of the StudentGovernment congratulated Bro. Mus-tafa for an interesting and informa-tive lecture.NOTE : It is reproted that three

bills for assistance are presently be-fore Congress . One submitted by"The Ethiopian Peace Movement"of Chicago; another by the "Self-determination, Reparation and Re-patriation Committee" of Californiaand the third by the "African Amer-ican Repatriation Association ofPhiladelphia.

The bills embodied in sum andsubstance the provisions of the"Longer Bill" of 1948, submitted by"African Nationalist Movements,"of New York and the "Bilbo Bill"of 1939 submitted by the EthiopianPeace Movement of Chicago, Ill. The"Bilbo Bill" although endorsed bysix million signatures was ignoredby Congress . Disregarding the wishesof 6,000,000 adults and thereby cre-ate a state of frustration, requiresclose re-examination.

Recreational- DiscussionsLoans

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!"Tow that the DAWN OF FREE-DOM has finally arrived, the ques-tion is - where do we go from here?Now that we are beginning to knowourselves, know from whence wecame, know our heritage, we shouldgrasp the golden ke;v of Unity anddemonstrate in practical and visibleaction that we are one in thoughts-words and deeds. When an Afri-can is abused or mistreated any-where it should be our concern ; and-we should not hesitate to use anymeans necessarv to prevent its re-eurrence .Where do we go from here in the

field of racial education? Every Af-rican-American boy and -irl fromthe age of five and up should betaught the history of Africa - thehome of his and her ancestors. Thiswill impart a great sense of prideand enable them to carry on the torchof mental and intellectual freedom.

Lot us take a page out of the his-tory o£ the Jews . When a Jewishchild leaves the public schools inthe afternoon, he is sent to a Jewishschool in the evenings to be taughtthe history and customs of his or herancestors. We should do likewise forour children's sake. Every church

Shortage in trained manpower is dueformer colonial administration .

WHITHER ARE WE GOING?By Victor G. Cohen

should open its d(mrs for thispurpose.Where do we go from here in the

field of Economic education? Themajority of us are not trained toearn a decent livelihood for ourselvesand our families . Our remonstranceshave created a "wind of change"which will enable us to better oureconomic condition. Those of us whoare net so equipped should take ad-

Teachers Wanted In ZambiaZambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) has embarked on

Development Program.

vantage of this created opportunity.Remember the old adage : "Knowl-edge is power."

Let us not be like the wilful childwho cries unnecessarily . His motherthought lie was lningry and gave himsome food, he promptly threw it onthe floor. Remember this : successwill always come to those who thinkpositively .

POSITIVE THINKING

tiuccess will always come to thoseWho think in a positive wayIts golden door is never closedTo positive thinkers, night or day.

If You are positive in your thoughtsNegative ones will have no roomFor "Dame Success" will be insideTo guide your actions without fear .

Think positive, let the negative goThis weakling was not made for you1Trrfold the positive powers of bindAnd leave the negative ones behind .

If you do this from day to daySuccess is bound to come ,your wayFor she admires nothing lessThan positive thinking at its best .

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AFRICAN OPINION

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AFRICA DAY SPECIAL MESSAGENOTE : The following Message

from Dr. Nkrumah, the outstandingAfrican patriot and leader, who com-mands the adherence of all "Afri-cans, at home and abroad" by hisspectacular accomplishment whilesitting as president of Ghana. Notonly did the osagyefo (savior) putGhana on par with the few advancedStates in Africa in a few years butbrought about the continental govern-rnent (Organization of AfricanUnity) before lee was removed fromhis dedicated vanta,ged position byWestern imperialists .

This special message is reproducedfrom the AZANIA NEWS, organ ofthe "Revolutionary Command" ofthe Pan Africani.s t Congress ofSouth Africa, for our readers' bene-fit. It is also a service to enableleaders of the African group abroadto evaluate the situation and to con-sider the appropriate co-ordinated ac-tion required to meet this threateningchallenge.

As the armed phase of the Africanrevolution for total liberation andunity gains momentum in Centraland Southern Africa, racist settlers,imperialists and neo-colonialists areintensifying and diversifying theirefforts to consolidate and extend theirdomination . They are faced with aprotracted guerrilla struggle whichin the long run they know they can-not win . But they are seeking byjoint military action to contain it,and by devious and insinuating eco-nomic and political penetration toundermine its strength .

They see their opportunity in thecontinuing disunity of independentAfrica, the lack of continental plan-ning and direction of the liberationstruggle, and in the willingness ofcertain African leaders to allow theircountries to become client states .Collective imperialism confronts adisunited, weakened, independentAfrica .

The situation demands immediateand drastic remedy . We must throwthe full weight of a united, revolu-tionary Africa into the struggle .Each day that we delay, we fail ourgallant freedom fighters and betrayour people .

It is an open secret that South

AFRICAN OPINION..

By Dr. Kwame Nkrumah

Africa, Portugal and Rhodesia arecooperating in the military sphereto crush guerrilla campaigns in theterritories they occupy. They ex-change information about freedomfighter activities, allow overflightsand landings of military aircraft ineach other's countries, and in thecase of South Africa, supply armedforces and helicopters to assist in thecounter offensive. A military intelli-gence board, known as the "Councilof Three," is said to--meet regularlyin Pretoria, South Africa ; Salisburyiii Rhodesia ; Lourenco Marques, inMozambique ; or Luanda in Angola ;to prepare joint action .Unholy United Council OperatingThe world first heard of the par-

ticipation of South African forcesin military action outside their ownborders in August 1967, when asarong force of freedom fighters wentinto action around Wankie Game Re-serve in Rhodesia . A large contin-gent of South African police inarmoured cars was rushed to thescene. Since then, there have beeninnumerable reports of South Afri-can intervention. In Rhodesia, SouthWest Africa, Angola and Mozam-bique, South African helicopters arebeing used to hunt freedom fighters.Armed South African police areoperating against nationalists inSouth West Africa . South Africantroops are reported in both Angolaand Mozambique .Enemy co-operation is not only

confined to defensive operations .There are clear indications that themembers of the "Council of Three"are planning offensive action againstindependent African states. Zambiahas been openly threatened . Further-more., some ten miles from herborder, on the Caprivi Strip, the"South Africans" have built anenormous airfield, said to have a twomile runway . There are many re-ports of armed incursions of "Rho-desians", "South Africans" andPortuguese over the borders betweenZambia, Rhodesia, and Mozambique .The example of the recent Israeliaggression against Arab states hasnot passed unnoticed in Pretoria, andhas been publicly proclaimed in

South Africa as an effective way ofdealing with a so-called "threat"from neighbouring states.Close All African Ranks Demanded

Faced with the combined militarystrength of the South Africans, Per-tugal and Rhodesian settlers, Africanfreedom fighters must close theirranks and put an end to rivalries.They must also be supported byunited and determined action on thepart of the whole independent Af-rica . No part of Africa is free whileany of our national territory remainsunliberated. There can be no co-existence between African independ-ence and imperial and neo-colonialdomination; between, independentAfrica and racist,, minority, settlergovernments.The military obstacles we have to

overcome to achieve our goal of totalliberation and an All-African UnionGovernment are obvious and sur-mountable. Less easy to recognizeand to combat are the insidious, oftendisguised workings of neo-colonial-ism, - the economic and politicalpressures which seek to undermineour independence and to perpetuateand extend the grip of foreign mo-nopoly finance capital over the eco-nomic life of our continent.Many of our so-called independent

states are in fact neo-colonies. Theyhave all the outward appearance ofsovereignty but their economy andtherefore their political policy is di-rected from outside. Some have beenin the grip of neo-colonialism sinceindependence. Others have been sub-jected to neo-colonialism by meansof military coups engineered by neo-colonialists acting in conjunctionwith indigenous reactionaries .

In recent. months, with the intensi-fication of the guerrilla struggle inCentral and Southern Africa, pres-sure has been strongly directed to-wards those states which have com-mon frontiers with South Africa,Rhodesia, economically, and thushold up the advance of the AfricanRevclnticn and at the same time toimprove their own neo-colonialistposition.Aiding and Abetting the Enemy

The tragedy is that some Africanheads of state are themselves actually

7:

aiding and abetting imperialists andneo-colonialists. In February 1967,Malawi became the first independentAfrican state to conclude a tradeagreement, and later to establish dip-lomatic relations with South Africa .Since then, other African states havealso been lured into the South Afri-can neo-colonialist web by a mixtureof "aid" and carefully-veiled threats.

The withdrawal of Britain fromthe High Commission territories, thebreak between Britain and Rhodesiaas a result of U.D.I . (UnlawfullyDeclared Independence), and theoutbreak of guerrilla warfare in thePortuguese colonies, has given SouthAfrica a golden opportunity to jumpin. South Africa is in the classicimperialist position of a manufactur-ing country seeking new outlets forits capital and goods. Its policy isto exploit the labour and resourcesof its hinterland, thereby strengthen-ing South Africa's ecenomy and atthe same time delaying the advanceof the African Revolution .

South Africa's "new policy" of im-proved relations with African stateshas been described as the building of"bridges" rather than "forts". Thecrux of the matter was revealedclearly in the editorial of the SouthAfrican Financial Gazette of 10thMay 1968

"11%e must build more bridges andless forts. The might of our armedforces are not enough to shield offhostilities still being built up againstSouth Africa in some African States .We must build more bridges into

AID AFRICA NOWCommittee, Inc.

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Appeals for Relief Funds for the Black Brothers andFamilies driven from their homes in Angola, Mozam-bique, South West Africa, Rhodesia, South Africa . . .by Colonialist Bombing Planes and now Refugees inNeighboring States .

Please make donations to the above Committeeand mail to : P.O . Box 126New York, N. Y. 10027

All Funds will be sent through theOrganization of African Unity

Africa. In Malawi (Nyasaland) icehave virtually spanned a bridge intothe heart of Africa."

Is Malawi Inviting Tragedy?

A delighted broadcaster in Salis-bury on 8th October 1967 praisedDr. Banda for what he called his"realistic policy", and added : "thenations which are nearest to SouthAfrica have been the quickest torealize the side on which their breadis buttered." He referred here toLesotho and Botswana (Basutolandand Betuanaland, formerly) .

South Africa is daily increasingher economic and political penetra-tion into African territories . The Le-sotho government iii 1967 appointedthree "South Africans" to "advise"on political and economic affairs. InRhodesia, South African capital in-vestment alrcadv exceeds that ofBritain ; and it 4is mainly the sup-port of South Africa which has en-abled Ian Smith's rebel regime tosurvive.The South African government

has recently granted eight millionrand ($11,160,000.00) to Malawifor the building of the new capitalcity at Lilongwe . Of the five millionrand set aside for "economic coopera-tion", two million has already beenear-marked for Malawi as a "firstinstalment" this year . Since 1964,when Malawi became independent,imports from South Africa havedoubled ; while the main force be-hind capital investment in Malawiis increasingly the South Africangovernment itself .

The

All Africans Must Be AlertedThe South African Liberation

Movement together with the peoplesof independent Africa and freedomfighters wherever they are operatingmust be alert to this new challenge.Nco-colouism, like colonialism andimperialism can only be banishedfrom our midst by armed struggle.

In East, Central and West Africa,neo-colonialism is hard at work fos-tering regional economic groupings,in the knowledge that without polit-ical cohesion they will remain weakand subject to neo-colonialist pres-sures and domination . The U. S.government in its latest statement on"aid" has said that it will favourthoFe states which are grouped to--ether in this way.

As each new attempt is made todivide its and to divert us from ourpurpose it must be exposed and at-tacked. Already, the ordinary menand women of Africa are talking thelanguage of the African Revolution .They speak of freedom and unity,and know that these objectives aresynonymous, and can only be at-tained through armed struggle . Insome cases, the people of Africa areahead of their governments. But thepressures they are exerting will in-evitably compel the pace forward.We must recognize and fight the

external and the internal enemy, andcombine all our resources in the greatstruggle which lies ahead. With co-hesive planning and with a fullawareness of our united strength,nothing can halt the process towardsfugal victory.

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AFRICAN OPINION

Photo : Miss Miriant Mkeba

Re-united After 300 YearsThe will of hate had it so that

after 30() years of parting StokelyyCarmic-bael from Trinidad, West In-dies, and Miriam Makeba fromSouth Africa appeared recently on atelevision program in New York asman and wife. Carmichael and Ala-keba ran into each other in theUnited States and put to an end theconcocted concept, of their commonenemy, that "East is East and Westis West never the twain shall ineet ."The instigators of separation prob-ably had forgotten the dominance ofthat. "precious ties of blood" andthat, identity (if color in this case .

Carmichael was dragged awayfrom iMakeba, placed on the "GoodShip desrts", brought to Iamestown,Virginia (1011) A.D . ), dragooned tothe Caribbean and bartered for mo-lasses. IIe returned to the UnitedStates, attended Howard Universityand became a leader ]it the fight forfreedom .

Both revealed tlw repressive sys-tems under which then groxv were oneand the same.A talented artist, Miss Makeba

geared her songs which translate theagony of her people in South Africanow under sicgc. lw European gang-sters .

Barred by CollusionThe songs of the talented African

artist so enlighting, to her brothers

AFRICAN OPINION

LAND GRANT TO AFRICAN-AMERICANSa

On their second trip to Africa in,search for settlement areas, Rev.1V inston G . Evans, Executive Di-rector and Mr. Dewey Weaver,'treasurer respectively, of the Ethi-opian World Federation, Inc . ofChicago, Illinois, announce that theresult of their mission far exceedstheir expectations.

leaving Chicago by air in Decent-her, 1968, the couple visited Liberia,Senegal, Ghana and Ethiopia. InAccra, Ghana the Federation estab-Iished registration and requested landfor mutual development, the leadersreported .The two representatives then de-

parted for Ethiopia where the WorldFederation had received 10,000 acresgranted by Ills \lajcsty, Emperorflaile Selassie while he was on avisit to the United States in 1967 .

Rev . Evans and Mr. Weaver re-ceivecl assistance from the EthiopianMinister of Agriculture and theEthiopian Chamber of Commerce intheir travel activities along with anexpert from the Agricultural Depart-ment who accompanied them to the.ites, thev stated .

Appeal for Settlers

h:vans and Weaver examined andslu ve)ed sites in "Bale Province";irn(l in "Lobe." Supplies were fur-

and sisters oil this side, of the At-lantic, that her album began to hithigh in circulation until, it was re-vealed, she married Stokely Car-ntich, el .The Vampires, the Conspirators,

with policy to keep Africans apartstepped in, clamped down and slowclown the allnun's sale. The action isviewed ns a display of displeasureover a domestic union and camou-flag, i ug thi i r cha;-rin by using theconfrontation between Carmichaeland the authorities as a cloak .

Carmichael ran into conflict withthe State Department when he ig-nored its directive and visited NorthVietnam, China and Cuba. for whichhis passport was confiscated.

nislaed by a "Dr . Fischer, head ofthe United States Agency for Inter-national Development to Ethiopia,the officials said .The land grant will be used for

comnninity building, raising livestock, agriculture and other under-takings, by returnees in collaborationwith the brothers there and with thehelp of both governments, the Ethi-opian and the United States ."We have already a 500 acre grant

at Shashamane and at Arussie . Ad-ministrator .James Piper and wife,have built it up in ten years with agrowing number of homes, twosch(x)ls, a recreation center and theten room Malakii E. Bayen Healthclinic and staffs . Living on that landgrant are families from the WestIndies and the United States ."

The Illinois branch of the Ethi-opiaau World Federation, Inc,, withoffices at 6341 So . Dorchester Av-enue, Chicago, is "appealing forthousands from the United Statesand West Indies . Emphasis is placedon farmers, mechanics, technicians,business men and women along withprofessionals and those with theknow-how to help in the rebuildingof Africa. All are needed - young,old, rich and poor." There is roomand opportunities for many morewho are seeking a climate to live insecurity and freedom from fear .

The Black Power advocate some-what amusingly revealed further thathe got back his passport but, for somemysterious reasons, he is barred frommany states in the Caribbean andother places "not off limit" includingTrinidad, where he was born andwhere his relatives reside .He went on further to compare

the difficulties he is facing with thosepracticed on Marcus Garvey, who ad-vocated "Africa for the Africans athome and abroad." The presentationthrows light on the problems thatblack people face, one after another.

All said and done, the hand offate has put together again, twoAfrican nationals and their respec-tive kinsmen, after 300 years apart .

9

Designed Tactics Hastening Racial ConflictDa-Uba, the world is troubled

by a feeling of insecurity stemmingfrom the planned use of atomicweapons, from provocation, persecu-tion and ending up into frustration.Oil tracing the source generating theapprehension, we found a smallgroup of whites located in Europe,America, Canada, South Africa,Rhodfsia, Australia and the "Mid-dle East" with two naval fleets, faraway from their home base and ar-guing with each other. What can beexpected, Uba ?Uba-The "road that Angels fear

to tred" ; the road that one of oursons, Jesus Christ, warned against :Those who resort to the sword willperish by it . It is claimed that "olddogs may not easily be taught newtricks".

However, the youths of the worldare less gleeful over the shadow ofnuclear weapons hanging over theirheads and are stopping the en-trenched few in their crazy tract.Students in the universities are tell-ing the agents of the "power struc-ture" that there is enough space onthis good earth and enough food tosatisfy the normal need of all whobelieve in "live and let live".Da-TTba, there seems to be a re-

lated "tug of war" in the New Yorkschools in particular over what arecalled "miss-education" and "in-ferior training" of children of de-pressed communities. However, asthe war progressed, we notice theshots and shells are mainly directedat the African minority and not thePuerto Ricans which is thrown inas an extraneous blind fold .

In response to the communities'legitimate and moral expectations, ofseeing their youngsters coming outof school with ambition, pride andresponsibility, they found them notonly stripped of what they enteredwith, hope and inspiration, but be-wildered and angry. In their en-deavor to rectify- this unfortunateaffair, by requesting the right to ad-minister their school, the communi-ties discovered their apprehension isbeing used to create a "white back-

1 0

By Da & Ubalash" by those with "Axe to grindand fish to fry" .

What's back of all this turmoil,Uba ? Over a million children andtheir parents have become involvedover two schools, one in the Africancommunities in Brooklyn and theother in Harlem?Uba-The desire for greater profit,

to have and to hold exclusively. How-ever there comes a time when peoplebegin to take stock of themselves, tocompare how they were, how theyare and how they tend to be frompresent trend.In the past we had our family,

parental responsibility and bulldogtenacity to keep together while wework, watch and wait for the timewhen we can change our environmentand thereby our status in line withour liking. Suddenly we discover agenocidal design that wrecked ourfamily, took control of our children,re-educated them and now feedingthem on dope and alcohol . They areseen littering the street like flieswhile paradoxically our profession-als, unlike other national groups here.1re silent, akin to treachery.Uha-Independent leaders of our

communities discovered a peculiartype of behavior among graduates,whether they got their training fromthe controlled and subjugated schoolsor any other. That training places

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them in a "colonial status", in acategory of messengers, of hero wor-shippers of their trainees, rather thanindependent leaders of their naturalfellows.

As a matter of fact, they are eon-ditioned to shun the mass of the verypeople from whence they sprung, tokeep them in substandard status andto show signs of being honored too.With those unnatural and damagingevidcuce, independent leaders havefortunatelv arisen and are trying toreverse that mental "twist". To dothis they are instituting a naturaland therefore healthy form of edu-cation for African children, especial-ly of the primary age to reproduceyoung men and women as credit tosociety.Da-The African communities re-

<lnested the right to administer theirown schools and to offer additionalcourses in line with their naturalreed, such as African history, Afri-can art and language which, in theopinion of the African communities,do not interfere with their loyaltyas citizens.They were given the "greenlight"

to proceed in what are called "ex-perimental schools" . And, althoughwith strings attached, the successthus far is claimed to be laudatory,not by the communities but, by edu-cational and public authorities . De-

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AFRICAN OPINION

spite this, some mysteries developed .The school boards and administratorsof these communities schools werejailed for their efforts to reverse aprevailing dangerous trend . Can youunravel this mystery, Uba?

Uba---Da, we live in an age ofsecrecy . Those modern forces, oftenreferred to as "Structures", have se-cret plans most of which are smellyand harmful to the rest of mankind .Biit the plans satisfy their depravedycaruings . The strategists at timesbegin their action in remote placesto avoid detection and mass opposi-tion until they reached their plannedposition-a fait accompli . Trappedat that point, the mass have no otheralternative but to unwillingly goalong .The problems in tlx , two experi-

mental schools - Oceanhill Browns-ville in Brooklyn and Public School901 in Harlem- reflect a techniqueto force the African communities in-to righteous indignation over infrac-tion of their inalienable rights. Thedebacle of "Haryou Act" immediate-ly preceding was another upsettingtactic .Aware of our interest in the Afri-

can homeland and our natural reac-tion to the attempt at re-occupationby neo-colonialists, the "Structure"creates conditions envisaged to keepour eyes on our centuries of domestictroubles with the deceiving hope ofchange for the better, while they dig-in and consolidate their position inAfrica .Da-Yes, Via, it can be recalled

that for years African Nationalistshave been active in the communitieskeeping the people informed of theHomeland affairs . Anticipating a re-action (similar to that which turnthe LT . N . into a Flanders' Field overthe Murder of Patrice Lumumba) tothe Europeans provocation in Rho-desia, "Har-you Act" and other set-ups were established. And all thoseleaders were employed in an attemptto silence them . The identical meth-od was used when they deportedMarcus Garvey from the U. S . A .Every leader of his divisions andenergetic personnel were taken inpublic services. Clever moves, werethey not, Uba ?Uba-Clever ? That's why we are

(Continued, on page 13)

AFRICAN OPINION

AFRICA INVITED BLACK POWER CONFERENCE

Photo: Shows the great road, a link in the Cape to Cairo, which winds its way upthe Rift Escarpment at Chunya in the Southern Highlands Region. The regioncontains some of the finest mountains and woodlands in Tanzania, Tanganyika .

The Black

Power

11ovetm nt,

akind of renaissance quickened by thewind of change, field its third annualConference in Philadelphia, Penn-sylvania in September, 1!)t3S . At thisconclave over 3,000 representativescf African-Ainericans from all see-tions of America, it was announcedthat the government of Tanzania(formerly Tanganyika) in East Af-rica invited the nest conference tothat progressive African State .

The leader of the movement is thecontroversial Mr. Ron Karengo, anAfrican born in the United Statesof America, a Cum Laude graduatefrom Los Angeles, California Uni-versity with masters degree in lan-guages - Swahili, Zulu, Arabic,French, Spanish .

Mr . Karengo - dressed in his Af-rican clothes, as were the majorityof delegates, men and women indashikis, turbans and garments seenin Guinea, Mali, Sudan, Kenya orKongo --- is 27 years old with threechildren, all with African names, andwho plans to cement a "NationalBlack United Front."

Urban Army Proposed

Al(acg with other leaders o£ sub-staiice were l)r. Nathan Wright,chairman ; 1}r . Nathan Hare, Soci-Olo-v Prrefessor at Harvard Univer-sity, dismissed for advocating Afri-ca, ccnsciousness last year, took ac-tive part in tile Confen, nee.

Among resolutions unanimouslypassed was the establishment of an"urban arm of black men for defenseand aggressive self-defense" to guar-antec :kfrican-Americans' survival .

The invitation to Tanzania mightturn out to be a blessing in disguise .They might discover why that Afri-can state established a patrol of 500young men and women to resist whatthey considered to be decadent for-t ign fashions, such as "miniskirts","wigs," "skin bleaches" and otherincongruous patterns .

While there too, the leaders ofPlaek Power might feel what free-dom is like, the security of sons athome and compare it with the prob-lems encountered by unwanted-adcpted sons outside, a rewardingexperience .

1 2

AFRICA SUMMIT CONFERENCE REPORTSThe Assembly of the Organization

of African Unity (OAU) convenedits Fifth Ordinary Session in Al-giers, capital of Algeria, September13th, 1968 and adopted two reso-lutions.

The first reaffirming stand takenat the Fourth Session held in Kin-shasa, Kongo in September, 1967 onthe fractricidal war in Nigeria.

That Session delegated five mem-bers-the majority of which believedto be satelites, not by choice but bynecessity-to go to Nigeria and con-duct fraternal palava, calm the tem-pers and bring the belligerents totheir senses at the very moment whena foreign military alliance sealed itsexistence at Pretoria, South Africa,and begun military operation to takecontrol of the heart of Africa .

Strangely enough the "Consulta-tive Committee" went to Nigeria andconsulted with the Lagos Governmentand ignored the secessionists in Bi-afra. That strange action increasedthe tension and unfortunately createdapprehension among some indepen-dent states that presumably causedthem to give recognition to Biafrans,without malice towards the OAU.

Wiggling in Face of RealityNevertheless the Assembly, ex-

presses concern over the resultingsufferings and appealed to the Bi-afrans to surrender and restore peaceand unity to Nigeria. This havingbeen accomplished, it recommendedthat the Federal State declare a gen-eral amnesty in co-operation with the(OAU) to ensure physical securityof all until mutual confidence is re-stored .

The OAU being young and be-lieved burdened by indirect imperial-ists forces and not yet able to "feder-alize" or continentalize the waringforces in that state understandinglyis painfully concerned.The second Resolution : after hear-

ing the case of the "Middle East" ;re-affirmed its support for the UnitedArab Republic and called for thewithdrawal of foreign troops from allArab territories occupied since June5, 1967. It backs the United Na-tion's Security Council Resolution

of November 22nd, 1967 and callson all African States to press for itsimplimentation .The Council of Ministers, of the

Organization of African Unity, meet-ing in its eleventh Ordinary Sessionin Algiers, Algeria, from the 4th to12th of September, 1968, adopted thefollowing resolutions :

The Council is aware of the grav-ity and importance of the problemof refugees in Africa and desirousof achieving an African solution tothis problem. It recognizes the es-sentially humanitarian nature of theproblem and anxious to adopt meas-ures to improve the living conditionsof the refugees and to help themlead a normal life, with the assis-tance of others . And it expressesits gratitude to the specialized agen-cies and humanitarian organizationswhich are extending their generousaid to refugees in Africa .

Resolution On Namibia(South West Africa)

1) The Council of Ministers againstrongly reaffirms the right of thepeople of Namibia to freedom andindependence in conformity with theCharter of the Organization of Afri-can Unity and the U. N. Charter.

2) It. pledges again its total andunconditional support to the peopleof Namibia in their legitimatestruggle.

3) It strongly condemns the SouthAfrican regime for its persistent re-fusal to implement the U. N. resolu-tion terminating its mandate overNamibia and for its continued de-fiance of world public opinion byforcing Apartheid on Namibia, un-der U. N. responsibility.

5-6) It calls on the U. N. SecurityCouncil once again to see to it thatthe U. N. mandate is executed andfurther demanded Chapter VII ofthe Charter be applied.

(Chapter VII calls for the use offorce ultimately to bring the Euro-pean gangsters to their senses .)

7-8) The Ministers call upon allstates dedicated to peace, freedomand the right to live without fearand molestation to co-operate withthe OAU and the "U. N. Council for

Namibia" and further call upon theinternational community to renderall moral and material assistance di-rectly through the OAU or to thosewho are struggling in Namibia.

Territories Under PortugueseDomination

The Ministers noting the reportsof the Administrative Secretary-General of the Liberation Committeeand of the "Committee of Five" onAngola and recalling the releventresolution by the Assembly and theMinisters, welcomes the progressachieved by African Nationalists intheir legitimate liberation struggle.

It deplores the assistance of allkinds which Portuguese receivesfrom its NATO (North AtlanticTreaty Organization) allies and fromits economic and financial partners .

Gravely concerned at the threatsand acts of aggression constantlyperpetrated by Portugal against theAfrican States adjacent to the ter-ritories under its domination, Afri-cans generally are now convincedthat Portuguese crimes against Afri-cans cannot be terminated by wish-ful thinking.The Ministers therefore reaffirm

the Africans' rights of self-preserva-tion to battle against Portugal's warof genocide being waged on Africansoil in violation of the U. N. Charter.Furthermore, resorting to the use ofnapalm bombs, poison gases andother United Nations' prohibitedweapons Portugal's fanatical actionconstitutes a threat to internationalpeace and security.

Extending Provocation SeenThe Council condemns Portugal's

criminal acts of aggression and prov-ocation against African States bor-dering foreign occupied territories,in violation of U. N. resolutions.And it further vigorously condemnsNATO for its military assistance andrequest the NATO nations to stopbacking Portugal's war of genocidein Africa .While condemning the unholy al

liance between Portugal and the rac-(Continued on page 14)

AFRICAN OPINION

(Continued from page 11)having so much trouble in the worldtoday. When people found that theyhave been deceived, and their exis-tence stands in jeopardy, trappedwith their backs to the wall, any-thing can be expected .Da-Can you clarify further the

"miss-education" and the results -keeping Africans generally in a "co-lonial status" and cause our collegetrainees to become agents to presideover our liquidation 9Uba - During slavery days we

were mentally free, despite theshackles on our feet . Alien environ-ment and what it had to offer onlyadded to our efforts to extricate our-selves and to return home . With thatmental freedom, leaders like HarrietTubman, Pastor Nat Turner, Rich-ard Allen, Samuel Hopkins, Den-mark Vesey, Paul Cuffe, Samuel J.Mills and others could then see theimpossibility of any future withinthe "pale of the whites" and agi-tated for "separation and return toAfrica." They were able to see atthat early stage the coming of thebattle for jobs and directed returnto their land and avoid wrangle overbread and butter, a minor part ofthe present conflict .Da-TTba, John B. Russwurm, a

college graduate and first editor inAmerica and Lott Cary, a ministeradvocated repatriation too. All ofthose leaders, prior to Emancipationin 1863, rebelled against integration.How come our present leaders standaloof in face of our present predica-ment and continue to allow them-selves to execute the designs of thoseliving in luxury at our expense? Forexample every European in Rhodesiahas "an average of two cars" whilethe African only rags on his back?Uba-Imposition of citizenship in

name only was a procedure enactedin 1865 that recaptured the liberatedAfricans, hampered their return toAfrica and kept them as cheap laborcoupled with the pin-down strategy.To ensure that purpose the scienceof brainwashing was applied duringReconstruction Days and continuedto this day. To counteract the brain-washing, the liberated teachers andcommunity school administratorsfound themselves ambushed, underfire .

AFRICAN OPINION

Da-Do you think the brainwash-ing brought about the mental "twist"that caused our graduates and nat-ural leaders to remain silent in ourdilemma? Aren't they masters inhistory, psychology, mathematics, allpre-requisite for graduation, andplace them in a position to see be-yond the veil? Then something musthe wrong when we find the majorityof our professionals with alien wives,by-passing their tribal sisters. What'sgoing on here, Uba ?Uba-Yanked away from their in-

nate indigenous freedom, they fellprey to alien retaliation if and whenthey became concerned over our mis-ery and even afraid to lend tokenencouragement to the braves whoplunged out for liberation . TheRhody McCoys, the Reverend Oliv-ers, the Spencers et all are trying toremedy the situation and to repro-duce responsible leaders who likeCongressman Adam C. Powell, canstand like Jews, Irish, Polish andothers even in Congress and ade-quately represent the people who sup-port them without fear or favor.Da-In meaningful parades like

those of Marcus Garvey, not one ofour prominent African - Americanleaders took part, no unit of African-American police, no African-Ameri-can unit from the National Guardparticipated . But on "St. Patrick'sDav" we see Irish-Americans fromall branches-army, navy and otherGovernment services in line of marchheaded by a prominent Irish-Ameri-can, a Postmaster General, etc. On"Columbus Day" the same patternprevails with Italian-Americansheaded by perhaps a political leaderin front. On "Pulaski Day", Polishleaders and rank and file are promi-nently dressed in the garb of themother country. With these picturesin evidence, does it not show that aconspiracy is existing against Afri-can-Americans, all things considered,Uba?Uba-There is no doubt about it .

The blueprint is there for all to see.And while we waste time moving oneblock of alienation, we run intogreater blocks, one after the other.These stumbling blocks are purposelyerected to keep us barricaded indream land to permit the Europeansin South Africa, South West Africa,

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Angola, Mozambique sufficient timeto digin, consolidate and annihilateour brothers there and strengthen the"Free world", you understand?The mineral wealth of the African

continent, the tropical climate withits four crops per year are the covetedhandsome profit discovered and thatis behind all, our problems in theAmericas. It is military strategy todivide an enemy- ; pin-down each partand reduce each simultaneouslv .Da-Uba, at this time we are hear-

ing some strange names thrown atus here. They call us "negroes", notAfricans ; blacks, not Africans ; the95% Africans on the continent,Western leaders and press are callingthem "Black-Africans", "Black-Rhodesians", - leaving of course theinference that only the few whitesin Africa are "The Africans". Isthis a threat, Uba ?Uba-This is not a threat ; it is

war, a cold war. The dye is alreadycast . Remember the declaration that"Africa is a vacuum, an empty con-tinent", "the greatest prize onEarth?" Do you know what thoseimplied? Forget your fatherland andyou seal your doom .Da-What do you think of a few

of our brothers here in America ask-ing for 5 states in the AmericanUnion for their own rule, callingthem "black States", Uba ?Uba-That is only another diver-

sion directed by the profiteers whoare aware of the oil in the Sahara,iron ore in abundance, uranium, etc.,a well watered continent that theycalled "the bread basket of theworld." Remember : "What is goodfor the goose is good for the gander ."

1 3

(Continued from page, 12)ist minority regimes in South Africaand Rhodesia, with designs to per-petually occupy the southern part ofAfrica, a step to further expansion,the Council of Ministers calls uponthe Member States of the Organiza-tion of African Unity to grant addi-tional material assistance to theLiberation Mov°ment to enable themto restore the economy and organizethe lives of the population of theliberated areas.

It also directs the African repre-scutatives at the U. N. to push formandatory sanctions against thosedisturbing the peace and tranquilityof Africa and appeal for moral andmaterial assistance to those engagedin expelling gangsterism from Afri-can soil. And finally the Councilcongratulates the African National-ists on their continued progress inthe battle for the liberation of theiroccupied areas and calls on them tomaintain good relations with allstates of Organization of AfricanUnity and not to fall victims to anygesture of the enemy nor his agents .

(Continued in next issue)

(Continued from page 2)colonialism imposed upon them by the oppressors inPretoria .

Council to Administer Without Teeth

The argument is often ventilated that one of theessential requirements for political independence shouldbe economic viability- . This argument . . . is not onethat can be used against Namibia. Namibia is a largeterritory of 318,261 square miles with a. pleasant mod-erate climate . . . suitable for stock farming and itsstock population for 1963 was estimated at 2.5 millionfor large stock and 5 million for small stock.When resolution of 27th October, 1966 was adopted

revoking South Africa's mandate over the territory,South Africa's spokesman Muller, issued threats fromthis very rostrum against the United Nations if itattempted to take over Namibia. Because of the di-visive tendencies and self-interest that are so rampantin the composition of the United Nations, our responseto South Africa's defiance was far from being decisivelet alone categorical.

Unshaken by Pretoria's obstinacy, the fifth specialsession adopted resolution May 19th, 1967, which setup the eleven Member United Nations Council forNamibia with clear terms to administer the territoryuntil independence . Once again the spokesman of theapartheid regime mounted this rostrum and defiantlystated in clear terms that his Government would usewhatever -means were necessary to prevent the newly

1 4

THINGS WORTH NOTINGALGERIA AFFIRMS SUPORTIn a nationwide address marking

the 14th Anniversary of Algeria'suprising against French rule, Al-gerian President, Ilouari Boumedi-enne said that the only honorableway for Palestinians to recover theirdignity is to go to the battlefieldagainst Israel colonialism.

The President also paid tribute toAlgerian troops stationed along theSuez Canal in Egypt.

Severeal foreign and Arab minis-terial delegations arrived in Algiersfor the three-day celebrations high-lighted by a military parade.

* :xARAB STRUGGLE PRAISEDSpeaking at a military parade to

mark the Fourth Anniversary of theoverthrow of the Sudanese militaryregime, Sudanese Prime Ministeri1Iohainmed Mahgoub declared that,"it is now clear there is no peacefulschiticrn fo- the iUliddle East crises ."

I-le reiterated Sudan's support forPalestinian military action and add-ed, "I greet all Palestinian Libera-

tion Organizations and praise theirarmed struggle."Mahgoub blamed the United States

for contributing to the crisis byopc ning negotiations on the supplyof Phantom jets to Israel .

Reviewing the situation in SouthSudan, the Prime Minister an-nounced that a ministerial committeehas been formed to implement newsocial and economic projects in thesouth. (Arab News & Reviews)HEAR STRANGE ACCUSATIONBlack people, of all people, are be-

ing called anti-semites . Is this con-venient strategy to arouse mob psy-chology? Or is it just a fabricationwith malice afore thought or thetechnique of accusing and abusing africndly and co-operative people, al-ways victimized as a whole for thesins of a single person here inAmerica?Who are the Semites, in the first

place? The Arabs claim that theyare the Semites and the majority ofArabs are black people. To be Anti-Semitic therefore is to be anti-black,or anticolored, a strange accusationindeed .

formed Council from taking over Namibia. Similarly,South Africa's note of 27th September, 1967, addressedto the S- cretary-General reaffirmed South Africa's dis-regard for the decisions of the United Nations and forworld public opinion.

"Tongue in Cheek" U. N. Demand WithdrawalUntbwarted by South Africa's threats and deter-

mined to explore peaceful solutions, the Council forNamibia decided on 30th March, 1968, to proceed tothe territory in fulfillment of its mandate of last year.Once again South Africa's defiant voice was heard.Denial of landing clearance to any plane chartered bythe Council and threats of possible aggressive actionagainst the Council, if it entered Namibia emanatedfrom Pretoria. Thus South Africa repudiated with im-punity General Assembly resolution of 16th December,1967, in which the Assembly called upon the Pretoriaauthorities "to withdraw from the, territory of Namibiaunconditionally and without delay all its military andpolice forces and its administration . . . . ."

The resolution further declared that : - ". . . . thecontinued presence of South African authorities inNamibia is a flagrant violation of its territorial in-tegrity and international status as determined byGeneral Assembly resolution . This big question mustbe asked : Why does South Africa flout the decisionsof this organizaion with impunity?

NATO Supports South AfricaMy delegation strongly believes that without the

AFRICAN OPINION

massive support - moral, political, financial andmilitary - which Pretoria receives from its allies ofthe North Atlantic Treaty Organization, South Africa,already an international outcast, would not defy theever growing African resistance, world opinion anddecisions of this organization . South Africa's militaryexpenditure increased from $62 million in 1960 to $409million in 1968 .

I must stress, however, that these figures derivedfrom official South African sources do not includespending on the police . These are the startling figuresspent, by the Pretoria regime with the blessings of theirNATO allies to commit indescribable acts of genocideagainst the people of Namibia. The Western Powersmust be singled out for censure and condemnation foraiding and abetting South African racists.The famous terrorism trial evoked world attention

and condemnation from the United Nations, churches,emminent jurists, and editorial columus all over theworld. This was because it was the first mass indict-ment of 31 Namibian nationals following the termina-tion of South Africa's mandate by the United Nations,and the United Nations assumption of responsibilityfor Namibia.

Jungle Law Is Pretoria'sIt was condemned also because the Terrorism Act

was ex post facto legislation especially enacted by theSouth African Parliament to apply to Namibia. It isprobable that only the pressure of world opinion savedsome of the defendants from the death chambers, andyet the sentences were severe. An unknown numberof Namibians have been detained under the TerrorismAct.

_The legal question is phrased as to whether or not

the Supreme Court in Pretoria has "jurisdiction toinquire into or pronounce upon the validity of Terror-ism Act in so far as they purport to apply to themandated territory of Namibia" .As is well known, the Security Council condemned

the Terrorism Trial on 14th March, 1968 in the fol-lowing terms :-

". . . . the continued detention and trial andsubsequent sentencing of the Namibians con-stitutes an illegal act and flagrant violationof Human Rights, and the internationalstatus of the territory now under directUnited Nations control."

As yet the Security Council has not dealt responsiblywith the whole question of application of the GeneralAssembly resolution of 1966 which established theUnited Nations as the administering Power inNamibia. In the absence of such effective action SouthAfrica continues to deepen her control over theterritory.

While Africa Protests, Gangsters ActThe "Development of Self-Government for Native

Nations in South West Africa Bill" was enacted bythe Parliament of South Africa on 6th June, 1968 .The so-called "Native Nations" are bantustans, frag-menting the country. The first of these, Ovambolandin the North has already been established, and its

AFRICAN OPINION

so-called Parliament met on 17th October, 1968 .The latest measure in the extension of apartheid in

Namibia zvas to force 8,000 inhabitants of the oldlocation in Windhoek, Capital of the territory to movefrom their homes to a new township of Katutura .After a nine year resistance, nearly all these defence-less people were forced out last September, althoughit was acknowledged that Katutura did not have ade-quate housing for them .Many of these people had to seek refuge in im-

poverished rural reserves. Each continuing step to-ward destruction of Namibia and its incorporation intoSouth Africa--trials, appeals, dispossession, fragmen-tation into "Native Nations" must surely arouse theattention of the great Powers who have to date refusedeven to serve on, the Council for Namibia.

The Triple Alliance ConsolidatedApartheid has found its allies in the colonial policies

of Portugal and Britain. The Lisbon-Pretoria-Salisburyaxis has been consolidated to give new props to theSouth African Government and to strengthen the basisof the minority regimes in Rhodesia, Angola, and'Mozambique.With this strength, massive campaigns of psycho-

logical warfare have been mounted with full force-particularly in Western Capitals, not only to defendapartheid, but to undermine the efforts of all men of-good-will the world over who are trying to bring abouta just and lasting solution for all human beings inthat area .

The spectre of a racial conflict on a global scale andthe consequences for the world cannot but be frighten-ing to all peace loving nations. Apartheid as appliedin Namibia and South Africa is thus a dangerous-rationalisation of an instrument protectionist in pur-pose, but defeatist in fact and destructive in the finalresult.

We Await Security Council's AnswerLastly, I appeal to all the major trading partners

of South Africa, to discontinue their present policiesand to assume a more humane posture towards thepeople of Namibia. Zambia is irrevocably committedto the total and unconditional liberation of Namibia:IVe shall continue to sustain the struggle of the peopleof Namibia until final victory is achieved. No amountof file power will stop the determined people of-Namibia from attaining their independence.We call upon the Security Council to take firm and

unrelenting measures to ensure South Africa's expul-sion from Namibia. A player's .refusal to abide by the-rules of the game cannot be condoned. The sooner suchmeasures are adopted the better for humanity as awhole. Further delays and procrastination can and willonly add fuel to the already explosive situation.

This organization cannot and should not allow in-nocent citizens of Namibia to suffer at the hands of afew Power hungry racists . My country has playedand will actively continue to play its role, both withinthe framework of the Organization of African Unityand that of the United Nations until Namibia is freeand independent.

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AfricanOpinion

X341 S . ~CJRc;HE~~~F . .c~~c~s~, ~~un~~s ~~~~

49350

May-June, 1989 What does gun on campus reveal?

BACK TO AFRICAQUEST BEFORECON6RESS

SOUTN WESTAFRICANS FACEEXTINCTIONBy PETER KATJAYIVI

By DA & UBA

BACK TO AFRICA QUEST IN CONGRESSAt the request of "African-Amer-

ican Repatriation Association'', aPhiladelphia b a s e d Organization,Representative Robert N. C. Nix,an African-1~merican submitted "BillH R 896" in Congress. The Bill re-quests the enactment of legislationthat will provide assistance to thosecitizens of African descent who de-sire to move to Africa to live.

Other representations to Congress

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PAN AFRICAN STUDENTSORGANIZATION IN THE AMERICAS,

SUMMER CHARTER to EAST and WEST AFRICA - Round Trip

Leaves New York August 4th returns September 2nd, 1969

CHARTER SPONSORED BY THE NIGERIAN STUDENTS UNION IN THE

INC. Leaves August 6th - Returns September 6, 1969.AMERICAS,

$430 Round Trip .

VISIT NIGERIA, WHERE OLD AND NEW MIX

AFRICA-Jourist ~ -Jrave C/~t~ertet~

342 MADISON AVENUE

Room 338

Phone: 867-6755

from farces in Chicago, Californiaand i~Tew Fork for the same purposeare all reported to have united be-hind the one bill introduced by 1\Ir .Nix.The request for Government assis-

tance is but a token compensation,better known Reparation for aver300 years of slave labor and damagesdone, to the African nationals in theUnited States. It is a fraction in

- $430

NEW YORK, N. Y. 10017

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comparison to reparation paid to thePhilippines far minor damages dur-ing World War II.

Unfinished Business ofLong Standing

The present move is the extensionof a chain of efforts on the part ofthese people to return to the land oftheir origin . It began a wav backin 1619 when the. "Good Ship ~Jesns"dropped them off at Jamestawn, ~'ir-ginia. And the wisdom of returningthem was before the American peo-~ple since Thomas Jefferson to thepresent.Under President James 1flonroe

however an opening was made thatculminated in the establishment ofLiberia but was pramptly terminatedfar motives revealed to have beenulterior in nature. As a result ofthe stoppage, frustration and dissatis-faction developed and continued, andhave been plaglzing America sincethen.To pacify and to contain the Afri-

cans' demands many strange andawkward suggestions were made .Same would have sent the Africansto Haiti, to Central America, toAlaska, the Indies and every otherplace under the. sun except to Africa,the land from which they were takenand the land to which they have beenbattling to return, a strange paradoxand provocative at that .

Bills Submitted and ShelvedTwo Bills identical in nature an<l

purpose have been previously sub-mitted to the Congress. One in 193!)by Senator Theodore Bilboe on be-half of the "Ethiopian Peace Mave~ment" and popularly known as the"Bilboe Bill". That Bill was ignoredby Congress, possibly shelved orthrown in the waste basket althon�;libacked by six million (6,000,000)signatures in favor.At that time automation was pro-

gressing rapidly, the relief roll pro-portionately and the "Popnlatio:~Explasio~n" fiasco was not yet an-nounced.

Bill No. 2, submitted in 1948 b~~Senator William Longer on behalfof the "Universal African National-ist Movement" of New York and was

(Continued on page 6)

AFRICAN OPINION

AFRICAN OPINIONJournal of

Independent Thoughts and Expression

Vul. 9

MAY-JUNE, 1969

Nos. I & 2

Jas. L. Brown .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . Editor and ManagerVictor G. Cohen .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . . .. . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . Associate EditorH. Cumberbatch . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. ... . . . . .. . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . Associate EditorGladys P. Graham (Famata) . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . Woman's Editor

Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aMboya Shown "Like It Is"

Py James T.eopald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

What Does Gun On Campus Reveal ?

AFRICAN OPINIONPublished bi-monthly by African Picture & Information

Service at 8 West 117th Street, New York, N. Y., 10026.Jas. L. Brown, President and Secretary .Unsolicited manuscripts and drawings must be accompanied

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AFRICA DAY, MAY 25thEstablished 1963

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AFRICAN OPINION

3

P,y 1)a ~ Uba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South West Arfieans Faco Extinction

7 May 25th - All AfricanLet's Ring the Bell - Ring it Loudl

Py Peter Katjavivi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U N I A & African Communities Leagwe

Africa Summit Conference Reports . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Ethiopian World Federation, Inc .Society of African Descendants, Inc .

For The Sake Of Thase That Come . . . . . . . . . 14 Our Families Protection Association, Inc .Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Items of General Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 African-American Teachers AssociationHarlem Labor Union

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE May 25th of Each YearPortrait On Caver ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ =4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . THE UNIVERSAL AFRICANPack To Africa Quest In Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NATIONAL DAY

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African World Wide SurveyLETTERS

Dear Sir :I have read only one copy of the

African Opinion and was deeply im-pressed.

If possible, I would like very muchto become a regular subscriber.

J. BrownChicago, Ill .

Dear Mr. Editor :Please send me a year subscription

to the African Opinion. Yott havea very good magazine ; it is the anl~~bridge between Africans and Afi~i.-can-Americans on the level of com-munication.

Sincerely yours,M. JonesChicago, Ill.

Dear SirPlease find enclosed my gayment

for African Opinion, annual sub-scription ($1.50) . I always enjoyedyour magazine very much. I hopeyou always remain cooperative.

Sincerely,A. AmyachGeorgia, U. S. A.

ALL-AFRICAN CULTURALFESTIVAL

Schedule for Jnly, 196JThe "Organization of African

Unity First All-African CulturalFestival" is scheduled to begin nnJuly 21, to August 1, 196Q at Al-giers, Algeria.

The festival will concern itselfwith African Drama, traditional analmodern, African music, dance, tr~th--tional performances, slang with eY-hibitians of works of art and sctalp-tnres, written works, pc;et readings,etc., and performances by invitedartists.

Only African works will be elibible far entry in each of the culturalsections .

Booklets for details an the Festivalmay be secured from the "Organiza-tion of African Unity", 211 East43rd Street, New Yark City.

Since the Festival is an All-Afri-can project it goes without sayingit will be opened to all Africans re-gardless of place of birth, and enrichthe event with their numerous talents.

d

Best WishesThe Entire Membership and Officers

theJAMAICAN BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION

INC.141 WEST 119th STREET

of

NEW YORK, N. Y. 10026

- On Liberation Day, May 25th -

Wish Our Bro+hers and Sisters in Africa the very Bes+ of Co-opera+ionand Par+ioipa+ion in Their Progress throughout the Coming Years .A. SAMUEL RASHFORD, Presiden+

MRS. MINNETTE STEWART, Vice-Presiden+MISS LETTIE BONITTO, Secretary

THE COVER PORTRAIT

Picture above, a scene in Jerusalem, theHoly Land, ~at which Mrs. Samad "dis-covered the real and not the Europeon-ized Madonna and the Child as she hadbeen accustomed seeing all her life ."

Shows Mrs. Marianne Samad, aschool teacher and also the directressof the "Sankore Nubian CulturalWork Shop, Inc." at 2140 MadisonAvenue, New York City.

Mrs. Samad has just returnedfrom a tour, stopping at such placesas Senegal, Ghana, Liberia, in Af-rica, Jerusalem (The Holy Land),Greece, Rome, Paris and back to theUnited States.

VO~hile in Liberia, her father flewfrom Sierra Leone to meet his daugh-ter whom he had not seen for over32 years. It was a pleasant reunionof father and daughter. In Jerusa-lem, she is seen pointing to the"Original Madonna and Child" .

She reported that Africa is abeautiful place, the place that herrenowned, patriotic and devotedmother, Mrs. Alice Allman, laboredtirelessly to liberate while Secretaryof the "Universal African National-ist Movement."

Mrs. Samad, like her mother hasvowed to enlighten the rest of herkinsmen and the world as to the con-tribution Africans made to the restof mankind.

AFRICAN OPINION

Tom Mboya, a minister in theKenya Government was presumablydragged into the African Communityof Harlem, New Yark City, to an-nounce the scheme that his abductorswere unable to put aver themselves .

Appearing recently at the Sham-burg Collection of the Public Li-brary, the only institution in Harlemof genuine substance, housing mate-rial reflecting the works of Africansthe world over, Mr. 1~Iboya was rude-ly but fortunately brought to hissenses when he told a packed audi-ence of brothers and sisters a kindof fiction that only a pharoah may"be able to interpret.The disappointed and infuriated

brothers here who were not already"killed or jailed for promoting Afri-can Liberation taught the farmerpromising brother a lesson, it ishoped, he might never forget.

It all started when the Africanbrother startled his joyful sisters andbrothers by repeating the familiarstereotypes of the neo-calanists that"they must not run away to Africa ;they should stay and fight for theirrights."

Pandemonium Broke LooseAs if by magic or mystery the

pleasant mood was suddenly and be-ligerently reversed. It was like flash-ing a red flag before the eyes of abull. Pandemonium broke loose andMboya was rescued only by a regi-ment of policemen quickly rushed tothe scene.The African World looked with

great hope when Mr. Mboya, thenaged 26, came into prominence aschairman of "The All-African Peo-ples Conference" called in Accra,Ghana by the outstanding statesman,President Kwame Nkrumah in 1958 .

While visiting the United Statesin 1959 Mr. Mboya among otherthings made the following importantstatement

"Another point I ynust stress," hesaid, "Black-Americans have been-told they are not wanted in Africa .This is deliberate erroneous props-ganda. You may came home when-ever you like; Africa is yo~cr heri-tage . You are wanted and needed,"he added.AFRICAN OPINION

Mbora Shown "LikeBy James Leopold

Tom Mboya of Kenya

Since then it now comes to lighta colony of whites exists in genya,along with those in Rhodesia, SouthAfrica, South West Africa, Angola,i~Tazambique and Asmara in Ethio-pia, back door returning entrances .

Africanization OpposedRecently a statesman member of

the Kenya Parliament introduced ameasure to legally grant AfricanCitizenship to Africans abroad, thoseresiding in the United States and theCaribbean . That step ran into oppo-sition, although a healthy step foran under-developed continent.Nat long after a parallel paradox

occurred . The Government of Guy-ana called on all Guyanese who areAmerican citizens and residing in theUnited States of America, to vote inher last Guyana national election,and it is reported many did.At the height of Marcus Garvey's

African Redemption Movement, andthe establishment of the "Black StarLine Shipping Company", a part ofthe industrial set-up, a "PrincessKoffi" was similarly brought in fromWest Africa to oppose the shippingventure.Exposure Brings Enlightenment

The "Princess" gained entrance toa church in a Southern State andwhile castigating the black man's ef-

It "s"farts to help himself, she was dunneddown in the pulpit by person un-known.

These incidents of course are re-grettable on the grounds that sinceTahn Gunther described Africa asthe "Greatest Prize on Earth." It isconsequently surrounded and kept indarkness to permit imperialists en-trenchment. The trigger man un-doubtedly was not in a frame ofmind ar unable to rationalize the sit-uation, with the eloquence of the im-perialist agent and therefore acted.

Indications have shown that Afri-cans abroad, with their backs to thewall, nevertheless possess a genuinefeeling of brotherhood for thesesimilarly situated at home. And theybecame irritated aver those who theythought should know better comply-ing with the common enemy by mak-ing statements detrimental to both.When the messengers of others or

prisoners of war come and tell thewell prepared brothers not to comeand help them battle for their life,something is definitely wrong, and ef-forts for mutual preservation shouldbe vigorously increased and pursued.

FALASHAAFRIKANHUT

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(G'ontinzced from page 2)

known as the "Greater Liberia Bill".Like the "Bilboe Bill", the "LongerBill" too went the way of the fleshto the disappointment and irritationsof millions who sought the inalien-able right of self-determination !-opeacefully return to the land fromwhich they were removed in chains .

Now Comes the Nix Bill

And now, "again and again andagain", comes the "Vix Bill-H TL8965" embodying in essence the samepurpose as the previous two. Ittames at a time when a chronic j ok~-less population existed, created by auefficient automation . It comes at atime of burdensome taxation and anincreasing population of pour andhunger.And not only that, but it comes

during the shrewd building up of a"white backlash", not without calcu-latcd intention . The aftermath there-fore, in those troublesome times,should compel the Congress to viewthe logic of this new Bill .

America with two outstanding andunfortunate records-the exterminss-

Photo : Mr. Mustafa Hashim, Presidentof the "African-American RepatriationAssociation."

tion of the Indians, the atomic bomb-ing of J apan along with the reportedkillings in Vietnam, to insure self-determinatian of South Vietnam,ought not to close her eyes and earsto the centuries of appeals to assist

those who seek self-determination inother parts of the world.Accustomed Opposition Appearing

Already, before the bill comes npfar consideration, a part of the Pressbegins to question the wisdom of thelslack man's moves. The decision hereis an indigenous matter and as sncisis not open to question, since the"white man's burden" is said to bedead and buried.As the proceedissg developed, it is

expected that those picl:ed leaderswith no indigenous mass following,will as usual be instructed to opposethe move .

The promoters of the steps tochange their present domicile i nsearch of a way of life better suitedto their own likings, request everyone to support the Bill H R 896~iby writing to their respective Con-gressmen and Senators, requestingthem to support the Bill, not forthemselves but for you.

The African-American Repatria-tion Assn. at : 5119 Chestnut Street,Philadelphia, Pa. 19139 . TelephoneGR 4-5200, request concerned per-sons to keep in touch.

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Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) has embarked on a massive EducationalDevelopment Program.

Shortage in trained manpower is dueformer colonial administration .

to restricted educational policies of the

The Ministry of Education now invites concerned Teachers from outside, of alllevels and in all fields from primary to teacher training, technical training,etc.

Larger in area than France, Czechoslovakia and Denmark combined with fourmillion people, Zambia pays the highest salaries in Africa.

Tropical, Pleasant Climate. Zambia opens the door for Concerned men and women,even with limited qualifications, to a happy valley among anxious youths.

For booklet on : Teaching and Living in ZambiaApply to :

Educational AttacheZambian Embassy1875 Connecticut Avenue, N. W.Washington, D. C.

CC

(This spare supplied by African Picture Fs Information Service)

AFRICAN OPINION

Da-Uba, a lot of strange and un-believable things are seen and heardtoday, things that do not look norsound real but tern out to be true.It is revealed that college stndentsunite themselves into "Students Fora Democratic Society" and into othergroupings and are disrupting thestandards of long standing .

~~'hat da vau make ant of all theconfusion ort~ the university campusesthroughout the land ?Uba-Da, before a student ad-

mitted to the school of higher learn-ing, he or she must have a groundknowledge of the arts and sciencesfrom the elementary, immediate, andhiglx schools. The university thc-ubreaks apart, go into details of allthe formulas and other symbols andshow their relations to other thingsand help the stndents to go .fromthere.

In other words, as the upcomingleaders of Soeietv, the college armsthem with what ~is known and freethorn to co~ntintte things as they areor change them to insure another wayof life that tends to insure securityand happiness of mankind.Da-T3ut Uba, the "Students far

a Democratic Society" (SDS) is inrebellion. What da theyy mean bycalling themselves a "Democratic So-ciety" when they live in a Democracyin existence for centuries ?Uba-Well, the possibility is, they

might have discovered that preaching

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AFRICAN OPINION

What Does Gun On Campus Reveal

CLASSES

REMEMBER THE FREEDOM

FIGHTERS

IN ANGOLA, MOZAMBIQUE,

RHODESIA, SOUTH WEST AFRICA

democracy and practicing democracydo rat add up and they move to dosomething abort it, to serve a betterlife . The. fact that many membersof the faculty, are giving aid andcomfort to the students, indicatessomething is wrong and those stu-dents na doubt have discovered it .

Da-It is said that in Czarist Rus-sia every college graduate was as-signed two policemen to guard him.Naw, in these days with adding, cal-culating and other technical ma-chines operating, do yon think itmakes good sense to produce a lotof college graduates with heads fallof knowledge, Uba ?Uba-At a time like this when are

man can turn a switch, or push abutton and set the world on fire, I"wonder as a I wands" .Du-We notice African Students,

citizens of the United States, are re-belling too. They are demandingAfrican Culture, African studies,with African instructors and Africanlanguage be offered in the schools,since the power structure instigateda program of integration.

FREE!

By DA & UBA

~IIIIIli111[~I~IIIIII~iI1lI»

GREETINGS

ON AFRICAN LIBERATION

MAY 25th

from

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FuttamReligious Store141 WEST 116th STREET

NEW YORK CITY

The general dissatisfaction on thepart. of African students might stemfrom the belief that they have beenthe most Law abiding in the UnitevlStates . And since the law prohibits"Separate but equal" training insti-tutions, they corxclude "integration''is a method to maintain the statesqua. That is, to only learn of thr"Free World" beginningwith Greece .In this way the African's roots willbe left hanging in the heavens, per-haps, you see ?Uba-In the past we had "separ-

ate" schools but they were subsidizedand only preferred courses were al-lowed. But the wind of change ascalculated would prevent withholdingappropriation to "Separate" schools

(Contnued on page 12)

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NEW YORK CITY

Allan Gould, Prop .

7

Note : The following article is re-produced from the "Colonial Free-dom News"-London, England.The "Self-government for Native

Nations in South West Africa Act"was enacted at the end of the lastsession in the South African Parlia-ment . According to this act, Nami-bia (South West Africa) is going tobe divided up into six so-called "Na-

SOYTH WEST AFRICAS Fate ExtinctionBy PETER KATJAVIVI

bans," each "Nation" as an auton-omous unit.On October 17, 1968, the first of

these "Native Nations" will came in-to being. The Legislative Council forOvamboland Bantu area will beopened in Oshakati by Mr. M. C.Botha, Minister of "Bantu Adminis-

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIII

COURTESY IS OUR POLICY

Club Le Douze Inc.Announces Its ,Schedule of Tours and Entertainment

Our Annual Fathers' Day Excursion - Sunday, June 15, 1969 - toBear Mountain on the beautiful S. S. Bay Belle . Music by Tom Shade andhis Cosmopolitan Orchestra, featuring Ellie Mannette Steel Band, Latin andCalypso music and the Frank Blaize Versatiles Band . Round trip $5.00.Children under 12, $2.50. Boat leaves Battery Park 8:45 a.m.

* * =xBus Excursion to Peg Leg Bates Country Club, Sunday, July bth, 1969 .

Buses leave I Ith St. & 7th Ave., N. Y. 8 a.m. Transportation incl . tax $7.50.Children under 12, $4.00.

:x

Labor Day Excursion and PilgrimageTO MONTREAL AND OTTAWA, CANADA

Buses leave Illth Street at 7th Ave., New York City, Friday Night,August 29th, 1969 at 10 p.m . You and your friends are invited to enjoythe holiday weekend with us . Buses return from Canada Monday night,September 1st, 1969 ap roximately II p.m . Transportation incl. tax andHotel Accommodations, 62.50. Children under 12 years, $49.95. Indentifi-cation papers for return to U.S . are required . Further information contactMr. Rupert Smith, phone MO 3-8177.

Bus Excursion to Danbury Fair, Conn . Sunday, October 12th, 1969 . Busesleave I I Ith Street at 7th Ave., N. Y. C. 8:30 a.m. Transportation incl. tax$7.50. Children under 12, $4.50.

:xPilgrimage to Graymoor Garrison, N. Y., Sunday, October 26th, 1969 .

Buses leave I I Ith St. at 7th Ave., N. Y. C. 8 :30 a .m . and leave Graymoorat 4:30 p.m. Fare $4.00.

Club Le Douze Inc. invites you to join its extraordinary 17-day

Carnival Calypso Excursionto Trinidad and Tobago, W. I . including the 2-day Carnival, February 8th &9th, 1970 in the sunny capital, Port of Spain. Under the personal guidanceof Mr. Rupert Smith, Tour Director . Have Breakfast in New York and lunchin Port of Spain. BWIA Sun Jet to and from Trinidad - $209.00.

If any other information wanted, please Phone MO 3-8177

tration and Development and Bantuli;ducation."

According to the Windhoek Ad-vertiser of October 3, `The Legisla-tive Council will be representative ofall the seven regions of Ovamboland.Each of the seven regional TribalAuthorities is entitled to designatenot more than six members, as wasthe case when the Transkei wasgranted self-government.

'fhe Government of the Republicwill second a number of civil servantsto assist in the administration of thevarious departments of Ovambolandunder self-government . These officialswill be designated Directors .One of the Directors, Mr. F. A. .1 .

De Preez of the Department ofBantu Administration and Develop-ment, will act as co-ordinating officerfar the Departments of Finance,Economic Affairs, Justice, Commun-ity Affairs, Agriculture and 'forksand Education.'

Tn other wards, the same person-nel, representatives of the Santh Af-rican regime, will continue to rule-only their positions have changednames.The South African Bantustan pol-

icy-of which this is an example--is based on the fallacy that cultur.eland linguistic differences betweenpopulation groups prevent co-opera-tion and ccmmunal feelings . On thebasis of this idea, South Africa re-gards herself justified in dividing upthe areas where the indigenous pol,-ulation live, into small autonomous`Bantustans' which have minimalcontact with each other.SWAPO (South West Africa Peo-

ples Organization) has all alongstrongly opposed the South AfricanBantustan policy. We argue that inNamibia, where the various popula-ti~n groups live scattered, this policyis undoubtedly a deliberate move todestroy the unity of our people. Wealso regard it as an exercise in eye-wash and blatant hypocrisy, intendedto foal the outside world.

The implementation of the Self-Government for "Native Nations inSouth West Africa Act" has manyimplications . One can see that theexercise is bound to lead to great

AFRICAN OPINION

fl~fl~fl~ll~fl~ll~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

On AFRICA DAY, MAY 25thWe Repeat

Africa For The Africans,Those at Home and Those Abroad

1609 Columbus Ave.

Let our "Natural, Spiritual and Political Limit be Godand Africa at Home and Abroad" - Garvey

One God, One Aim, One Destiny

Parent Body

UNIA & African CommunitiesLeague

sufering on the part of the peopleof Namibia. All the Bantustans willbe situated in poor areas without anynatural resources worth developing.This in turn means that they willcontinue to be utterly dependent up-on South Africa for economic assis-tance. Furthermore, the areas whichare left to the white minority are richin natural resources ; consequently,the exploitation of these areas willdirectly benefit the white population,and only go to the inhabitants of theBantustans as `economic assistance'which, one can envisage, will begiven with a patronizing hand bythe South African regime.

As each bantustan is going to con-tain people belonging to one popula-tion group only, one can foresee ex-tensive forced moves of people fromone area to the next . Many familieswill have to pull up their roots fromthe place where they may have livedfor generations, and go to an areato which they have no ties whatso-ever.Many families may also face finan-

cial difficulties, difficulties in adjust-ing to the new situation in whichthey find themselves ; in short, theyface stresses and strains which mayeasily lead to a breakup of the familyunit.

Another facet to the South Africanbantustan policy is that it keeps peo-ple without contact with the outsideworld. Their educational system pur-ports this isolation, as it emphasisesthe uniqueness of customs and tradi-tions of particular population groups,

AFRICAN OPINION

Philadelphia, Pa .

and ignores the general developmentof modern society.

Thus, people in a `Native Nation'will end up as backward, ignorantand unable to tackle the problems ofmodern society-exactly what is in-tended by the South African regime.The regime thus gets its justifica-

tion for continued averlordship -`these people are not yet ready forindependence' - a phrase too oftenheard from representatives of thewhite supremacists in Southern Af-rica .The bantustan policy is a viola-

tion of human rights, of international

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law, of ay ultra-national chartersfunctioning today. We want to drawattention to this and ask you to do,your utmost to counteract and con-demn this pernicious policy practicedin our country.We also ask you to urge your

government to support an urgent de-bate in the United Nations GeneralAssembly, and to back any resolutionleading to practical action .

South Africa must be forced togive up her illegal administration ofNamibia by all means at the disposalof the United Nations, including theuse of force.

MR. AND MRS. ABDUL & MARIANNE SAMAD

and the

WONDERFUL YOUNG PEOPLE

of the

Sarkore-Nubian Cultural Workshop, Inc.2140 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK 10037

Wish to Extend

Our Sincere Greetings to Our Motherland

AFRICA

And to let Her Know we have never lost Faith.

9

NOTETlee Assembly of the ORG}ANrZATION OF AFRCCAN

LTvr"rY composed th,e presidents of Africa's states, 41to date .

floe COC?NCIT . Or llr~rsTErzs of flee states . TheCouncil sets flee blue print ofactions to be taken.

Z'lee follaze~i.ng are items concluded in the Fifth Ses-sion in Algiers, Capital of Algeria, North Africa, Sep-tember 19G8.

The Council of Ministers of the OILGANrZATIO~T orArttrcnN UNITY, meeting in its 11th Ordinary Sessionin Algeria, 1JB8, reaffirmed the inalienable rights ofall people and territories of Africa to freedom andindependence. Thev notice strangely however that the"Comoro Islands" ~ (in S. E. Africa, in Mozambiquechannel N. E. of 1\Iadagaska) are not on the list ofcolonial territories under the terms of the LT.N . declara-tion granting independence to colonial territories andpeoples.

That being the case, the Council called up the FrenchGovernment to take immediate measures to enable thepeople of the "(7omoro Islands" to exercise their rightto self-detf~rrnination and independence. It also directedAfrican group at the I7.N. to press far the inclusionof those islands on the list of none-self-governing areas.And to make clear the position of Africa of complete

"liberation of every inch" of African territories theMinisters ask the Secretary-General to put. the demandsof the OAU before the U.N. Decolonization Committeeto place the Comoro Islands on the list.

The Canned of Ministers noted the reports of the;Administrative Secretary-General, the committee of fivean Rhodesia as well as the report of the foreign min-isters of Algeria, Senegal and Zambia and recalling

10

AFRICA SVMMIT CONFERENCE REPORTS- Continued From 1'reviatts Issue -

Resolution on Rhodesia

AID AFRICA NOWCommittee, Inc.

2395 8th Ave. (Near 128th St .) New York, N. Y . 10027

Appeals for Relief Funds for the Black Brothers andFamilies driven from their homes in Angola, Mozam-bique, South West Africa, Rhodesia, South Africa . . .by Colonialist Bombing Planes and now Refugees inNeighboring States .

Please make donations to the above Committeeand mail to : P.O . Box 126New York, N. Y. 14027

All Funds will be sent through theOrganization of African Unity

all the relevant resolutions of the "OPOanrzarrow orAr+RrcA~ 17NrTY" and the [7.N . on Rhodesia besidesthose of the Security Council, imposing mandatorti-sanetians against Rhodesia, without result .

Ivhadesia's reluctance backed by neocolonialists toacquiesce to peaceful requests, forced the leaders ofAfrica to become seriously concerned. They look withapprehension especially over the continued grave anddangerous situation, particularly the systematic cam-paign of terror, acts of genocide and political murdercarried out by the rebel minority regime against theAfrican people with immunity .

Patience Approaching Exhaustion

At this time and lacking the atomic bomb, the anlything the prattlers of democracy respect, the Councilreaffirmed that the situation in Rhodesia constitutesa serious threat to international peace and security .It strongly reffirmed again and again the right of thepeople of Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) to freedom on the basisof majority rule, and the right to fight for nationalliberation . For those rights, two world wars werewaged and the base upon which the I7.N. was built.Condemning the genocidal acts as crime against hu-

manity, the statesmen called upon England again andagain to topple the gangster minority rule by force ofarms as she did in "Guiana" and in4 little "Anguilla."

Foreign Settlers Warned

They further condemned the non-African regime inSouth Africa for sending troops to fight the 7.ambiansin their own land and told the European settlers towithdraw their mercenaries. It is presumed and hope-fully so that the Africans' peaceful and friendly pro-testatians might be remembered when self-preservationcompelled them to resort to prevailing means, whenreason falls an deaf ears .

It might be good for all concerned, if those settlersand their backers, to bear in mind the warning of the

NOW ON THE RECORDThe Powerful, Magnetic and Commanding Voice

of

MARCUS GARVEYBluntly and clearly putting the position of his peoplebefore the world . In your own home you can now hear

THAT VOICE AND THOSE WORDS

that shook the world for only $1 .50 - by mail $2.25.Payment in Advance

VANGUARD LOCALS UNIA R ACL2395 8th Avenue (at 128th St .)

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AFRICAN OPINION

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Carlos A. Cooks, FounderCharles Peaker, Administrator

~~!

Saudi Arabian Representative at U.N. in 1966 that :"Any colonial power which consistently does not al-

low the oppressed people to enjoy the right of sel.f-determinatian forfeits its right to be a member of theU.N. South Africa has closed its ears to the UnitedNations' appeals for nearly 20 years.

If the stat2~s quo is preserved, a racial conflict willflare up . A racial revolution not only may bring aboutth.e end of South Africa, as a state but 7nay endangerthe lif e of any European white man who sets foot onAfrica and e-uentleally-who knows or, Asian soil .

the are approaching the eleventh hour, amt we shouldnot wait until a racial conflagration spreads all overAfrica, leaving nothing behind it but ashes and dee1~sorrow for multitudinous victims, white and black, re-gardless of their ethnic origin, or the color of their skin.

Financial and Material Aid UrgentThe Council called upon all states and all Africans

to provide more financial and material assistance farintensifying the struggle inside Zimbabwe and to ren-der all moral and material assistance to them in thewar of liberation . It further coYlgratlllated the (ZAPUand the ANC (ZIMBABWE AFRICAN PEOPLES UNION,

AFRICAN OPINION

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AN1) AF1vIC'AN NA2IONAI. CONGI1FSS) 111 cl'eatlng $united front. And since a state of war exists in Rho-desia, it demands that freedom fighters if captured Letreated as prisoners of war, under Ked Cross con-vention.

The Governments of Tanzania, Zambia and Kenyahave been requested to use their good offices with thosemovements and farther instructed Africans at the U.N.to force England to get rid of the foreign importers'regime in Rhodesia and cautioned Portugal againstsupporting Rhodesia.

Co-ordinating Committee for the Liberationo-f Africa

Noting with satisfaction the progress of AfricanNationalist troops and the "Committee far the Libera-tion of Africa," the Council congratulated the forcesoperating in Guinea Bissau, Mozambique and Angolain their progress .

The Council called on all presidents of AfricanStates to increase their allotment and bolster the effi-ciency of the troops in the field.

(Continued on page 13)

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( Continued f~'orn page 7)

when the demands for "self image"is heard.Da-We notice taa that many of

the white students, with their futurebefore them, are co-operating withthe African and Puerta Rican stu-dents. Can you unravel this "Chi-nese" puzzle, Uba ?Uba-I am not a Chinese. We

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AFRIOAN OPINION

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can however watch the fowl's skinas the wind blaws. Let us watch andsee what is under the feathers . Sincethe hurricane started we have ahead}-discovered a "vicious system" operat-ing under the feathers. That systemkept a tremeudons amount of blackyouths out of college and the reasonmight be shaven as the wind con-tinues to blow .Da-Since the disturbance started

and the "Civil Rights Act" signed,and to maintain the democratic front,a few Africans and Puerta Ricansgained entrance to a few schools.Now it is announced the college willtake in a Ia.rge number, of what theycalled minority groups .

It later came to light that theBlack students, after discovering thev~hites were armed to the teeth anda cross, the symbol of Christianity,

Syd. St . James

burned in the Klansmen style infront of the black girls dormitory,the African students "armed them-selves too."Uba-With guns on the campus of

higher learning ?Da-That's right, sir, "I'ar self-

defense" they claimed. Could this bea plot to influence and justify actionsof the feverished osculation of the"white backlash" to reduce the ex-plosive population, Uba ?Uba-The whole "mess" might be

influenced by back stage forces .Therefore Africans should clearlysee the "Handwriting on the Wall"and pull up stakes without delay andleave America. Don't deceive your-self or permit yourself to believe thatthis "mess" is accidental, or influ-enced by the hands of the convenient"outsiders".

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a1 ~~.~.~.~.AFRICAN OPINION

THE PLACE OF URANIUM IN

NIGER'S ECONOMY

(From 1'~Tiyer Perspectives)

Preparatory work for the mining of uranium in the60 square kilonxcter area around Arlit i~ proceedingat a fast pace. 'Ihe French Atomic Energy Commissionholds the exclusive rights . The mineral is found about150 feet below the surface and open-cast mining willnecessitate the removal of several million tans of sandand rock . 'This started oai the 4th November last year,the date of the first dynamiting of the upper rockstratum. Since them same 150,000 tans have been movedeach month.

At the same time the construction of the first build-ings for the new town of 5,000 inhabitants has alreadystarted.The project as a whale is impaling, especially in

relation to Niger's skeletal infrastructure . For it shaul.dnot be forgotten that the uranium bearing zone isnearly 250 km to the north-west of Agadez, which isitself the "gateway to the desert" and 2,500 km fromthe noarest port . 3 :1,000 tons of goads must be carriedthem each ,year, including fuel-oils, which is, in itself,xio mean task .

This means, in affect, that goods disembarked atCotanou or Dahomey will first be carried the 400 kmto Parakou by rail, there loaded auto lorries whichmust follow the 1,000 km of unpaved road to Tahotxa,and then, .from this town, take the 650 km of deserttrack to Arlit, going via Agadez . The whale of thisroute must, of course, be drastically improved to easethe passage of such a volume of traffic .As from now, nearly 4,000,000 CFA in wages is

lreixxg paid each nxonth to the 400 workmen employedat Arlit SOMAIR, a workforce which will be increasedto nearly 900 when the mining proper begins .

Tlxe authorities in Niger have high hopes of theuranium mining for several reasons.

hirst, SOMAIR, must invest some 13 thousand mil-lion CFA in order to get under way the extraction ofthe ore which holds 0.25°fo uranium, and its trans-formation into 65 to 70% uranate of soda. Naw theinvestment of such a sum, which is equal to one anda half times the State's budget, can only have a f;aQOr-able effect an the whole economy, even taking intoconsideration the fact that most of the money will goto buying foreign goads.The provision of roads capable of carrying the traffic

described above will also favorably influence the whaleeconomy, without taking into account the fact thatto a certain degree it will be easier to prospect theunderlying layers whose potentialities are hardly known.

Finally, it is worth nothing that Niger will receive,in the farm of taxes and dividends 66% of the profitsmade, whilst 34% will go to its partners . Looked atlike this the whole affair seems very propitious, espe-AFRICAN OPINION

dally since the SOMAIR experts, wlxo were thinkingtwo years ago of setting up-pilot factory to produce`200 tans of uranium per year, now exuvisage a produc-tian of 750 tons starting from 1971, and 1,500 tonsin 1974..

~~'hatever happens,

St)llAIR, with

a

budget of7,500 million CFA, is going to figure largely in Niger'seconomy.

(L'ontizrued f-rom page 11)

Special RecommendationThe Council of Ministers of the OAU recommended

that :On 25t1z May, "Africa Day", National programmes

to include the sale of badges and emblems, showing offilms arzd otleer events for the purpose of collectingftends for the liberation struggle .

And to make funds available for reproduction offilms made as an example of the magnificent szzccess ofsome Liberation Movements, particularly th,e PAIGCin Gui,ea Bissau . Such films should be shown in allAfrican States and all African Communities so thatall floe people can be informed of tlce sacrifices andactivities of their strzegyliyrg brothers in, floe colonialterritories .

Declares that a~zy aggression on, azay OAU 1llemberState by the colonialist and regiynes of Portugal, "South,Africa" and Rhodesia is regarded as an aggression onall Africans.

And congralulated az~d records ill thanks to theGnvernment.s and people, leosts to recognized liberationmovements, and particularly those States adjacent to" tlre fields of struggle for th,e immense sacrifices theyaz°e daily shouldering in order to hasten the capitulationof the colonialists and the enemies of A frica .

Greetingson

AFRICA DAY, MAY 25thto All Africans at

HOME OR ABROADon this

Our Day of Unity

.Returns Once AgainGOD SAVE AFRICA

GEORGE D. RANDOLPHNew Jersey, U. S. A.

FOR THE SAKE O~F THOSE THAT COME(Issued b,y Afro~A1~I Alliance)

We, this generation of Black menand Black women, people of Africandescent, are responsible for the great-est awakening of oer people to re-claim what is theirs . Sleeping mindsare being refreshed and brought tolife by the impact of new founddrops of "Wisdom" .

Knowledge with her piercing dag-ger has opened the way and is re-vealing a treasure house of ancientwisdom, and self esteem that goesback to the very emotion of Man.

~~'isdom is the application of one'sknowledge. 1Ve mast again make ourbid at mastering and using the ex-perience of oer longhidden past.

A man withoet a past, to gmidehis future is like an arrow shot intothe sky, an a dark stormy night, andwhere it will come to rest the archercould dare not say. But one singlearrow flown by the well trainedarcher can indeed hit the mark .

We have begun to use the potenttool of our self knowledge and byusing this we shall be made wise inthe ways of overcoming our plight .Each Blaclc man and each Blackwoman whose eyes shall open fromdumper shall indeed be an arrow inthe struggle of am fighting leaders ;an arrow ready to fly sure and treeto the mark . So let us hall dear toour ancient history and grow wiserthrough its knowledge.

If those who pity themselves wouldceaso and apply what oppression hastaught ns, and perceive what goodresults will come from self efforts,we would learn great truths aboutour inner selves that has been hiddenfor so long .

It is heart-warming to realize thatwe are Black and being Black isBeautiful. We know that, with theprice of many Black bodies, we havebeen able to service a cruel and mastvicious system of Dehumanization .But we have survived and those ofus that are committed to this strutgle need to be remindful of this fact .

14

The struggling Blaclc youth of to-

day cr~~ out for universal freedomand individual expression. We needour souls tar reach otzt to God, notthe God that this system has tram-pled into the mud, not the God thatwe castrate each Sunday nor the Godwe mock with the other six days ofthe. week.

No~ ! we need the companionshipof the Gad of our fathers, the Gadthat gave our people the breath oflife and with that their Beautifnl-ness . We need to allow our souls totouch the God that is within es. Weplead far the unfolding of the Godstrength and wisdom that has beenkept from am soul eyes.

and i+s Presiden+, Rev. P . L . Drier, D.D .Wish +o Greet Africans EverywhereON AFRICA DAY, MAY 25+h

Further informa+ion, phone 212 EN 9-I 178

There is a generation hchind nsthat may look epon our weaknesawith wise understanding, and eponour self-pity as ignorance. The gen-eration that is now bedding may notcompromise with our lacking. Theywill far no price compromise theirdignity, their liberty, their religion,or their luzmaness for the few piecesof gold that we accept daily.

It is am responsibility to spear-head the way for those that will takethe taw from our hand and brio'our long struggles to a conclusion.

So let us strive on and on andwillfully never compromise our an-cient culture.

rVISION FOR AFRICA, Inc.

And +o inform everyone +hat we are nearing the time when every manshall turn +o his own people and flee everyone into his own land .(According +o Isaiah-13+h Chapter, 14+h Verse)

The Presiden+ of Vision for Africa, is planning his third +rip +oAfrica in July, 1969 wi+h his dough+er, Joan, a graduate of +heUniversi+y of Buffalo and Wilberforce with a B.S . and M.A. degrees,and his son .

Per . Roy Brown

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AFRICAN OPINION

CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONEnthronement of a New King

In the Lobi DistrictIn the 7,o~bi district, in the Bottna region in the

North-East of the Ivory Coast, when the successor toa dead king is proclaimed, ho mast leave the villageduring tho entire three months mourning period. Thefuture king may set foot in the village only on thelast day of the elaborata funeral rites. He arrivesthere, acconnpanied by his armed guard, and goes To-wards the dead king's hawse, or more precisely towardsthe tomb where he will be buried . Tradition requiresthat the now king circle the tomb three times, then letout a war cry that his tromp of warriors must take upin shams. For several decades now this warliks cere-mony has bean accompanied by gun-shots fired into theair.

'fhe enthronement is subject to certain very strictregulations. For example, the coronation of the newking cannot proceed without the final rites of the d~;-ceased king having first been performed, and these canonly begin on a Tuesday. When the new king arriveswith his army at the site of the royal funeral, he isgreatcd by the customary chief who gives the newlyelected king the advice and precepts which should hence-forth gttido his actions . The day after these rites,custom demands that the king make a sacrifice on thetomb o~f his predecessor : in this way a chicken and ahe-goat will be immolated . Then the now king kills anox and divides the carcass among any outsiders whomay have came to take part in the funeral rites : theoffal is kept for the guardian of the tomb.

Finally, on Thursday, the last ceremonies of theenthronement take place. Tradition requires that thedeceased king's youngest son ride a donkey which willbe sacrificed in turn .

In the. aftsrno~on folk dances are organized in thevillage square and tom-tams beat the rhythm of thedances and the festive songs.And thus Buona relives its ceremonies of former

times.

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WORLD FEDERATION, Inc.

AFRICAN OPINION

151 Lenox Avenue, N. Y . C .

S A L U T E

Univeral African Na+Tonal Day

MAY 25+h

"LONG LIVE UNITED AFRICA"

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AGGRESSION IN CZECHOSLOVAKIAAND AFRICA COMPARED

(From Ivorean Realities Bulletin)

"Ivory Coast felt deeply apprehensive after theoccupation of Czechoslovakia by Soviet armed forcesand their allies of the Warsaw pact.Out of courtesy towards President William Tabman

of Liberia, who was on an official visit to Ivory Coastat the time, the Ivorean government was reluctant topublicize its views on the violation of Czechoslovaksovereignty, by foreign forces :While condemning this attack an liberty and rights,

the Republic of Ivory Coast wishes to express its ad-miration of the calm, courageous spirit Shawn by theCzechaslavak psaple who, although the victims of agression, were able to match such inadmissable violencewith an attitads of dignified restraint .Drawing the lssson to be learned from these tmhappy

events, the Ivorean government wishes to point out thatit has noted the strong and effective reactions of almostall the countries in the world, which regardless of coloror idsolo~gy, have denounced this intolerable attack onthe freedom of a European country .

It regrets that an equally humans attitude is notadopted and a similar amount of energy expended whoacurtain powers threaten the freedom, and even the lifeof millions of our African brothers, who, in severalparts of the continent, are victims of the crimes or thecomplicity of those who were most fierce in their con-dcmnation of the Soviet military occupation of Czechca-slovakia.Tho Ivory Coast Republic remains convinced that

them can be no real peace in the world as long asrelations between countries both large and small aredictated by force ; nor, indeed, until the fundamentalprinicples of international morality which recognizesthe right of every country to self-determination, andcalls, for the recognition of the sovereignty of others,are faithfully applied."

THE BIAFRAN AFFAIR"Far several months now, there is one particular

problem which has been preoccupying us more than anyother, because it is an African problem, because it con-cerns people who are our brothers and near neighbors,because in the space of barely a year the Biafran prob-lem has caused us first of alh concern, then deep worry,and now anguish.

"Ivory Coast has taken a clear stand an the subject ;after much consideration and democratically-made de-cisians.

"Although it has na part to play ar interest to gain,either direct or indirect, present or future, in the war,Ivory Coast will cantinas to awaken the world's con-science on the matter . The world's conscience yes, butfirst of all Africa's conscience, for our brothers are in-valved, and the dignity and freedom of Africa areat stake."

1 5

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A~r 0 canOpinion

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AFRICAN OPINION

AFRICAN OPINIONJournal of

Independent Thoughts and ExpressionVol. 9

OCTOBER-NOVEMBER, 1969

Nos. 3 & 4

Jas . L. Brown . ... ... ... . . . ... ..... . .. . .. . .. . .. ... ... . .. ... ... ... ... .. . .. ... . Editor and ManagerVictor G. Cohen . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... .. ... . .. . .. ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. . .. ... . .. Associate EditorH. Cumberbatch .. ... ... .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. ... .. . . . . ..... ... . .. ... ... ... Associate EditorGladys P. Graham (Famata) ... .. . ... .. . .. ... ... .. . .. . ... . Woman's Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Portrait on Cover : Dr. Angie Brooks-UN PhotoStory on Page 5

By James Leopold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Why Am I Here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8When, Where and Why?

By Da & Uba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Letters from the Homeland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Mandate Adopted by Garvey Convention . . . . . . . 13Zambia Takes Over Mineral Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Things Worth Noting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

AFRICAN OPINIONPublished bi-monthly by African Picture & Information

Service at 8 West 117th Street, New York, N. Y., 10026.Jas . L . Brown, President and Secretary.Unsolicited manuscripts and drawings must be accompanied

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Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Women of Achievement Stand High

By Gladys P. Graham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Prize Fighter Led Pilgrimage to Africa

African World Wide SurvevLETTERS TO EDITOR

Dear Mr. Editor,Please grant me space in OUR

Journal to say how satisfied I amto live to see all what the Late Hon.Marcus Garvey said come true. Thisman_qf God, Marcus Garvey, whenleaving Jamaica for England, sleep-ing black men said : "Garvey, you arefinished with the African question."

Garvey answered : "I am going toEngland where I can find someoneto send the message to Mother Af-rica . We want a United States ofAfrica ." There he found Dr. KwameNkrumah who carried the Gospel ofthe fatherhood of God and thebrotherhood of man. And out of this,I can see come the "Organization ofAfrican Unity" of which all Africansare proud to have.

S. B. GardnerJamaica, W. I.

Room 338

Dear Sir :

FOR CARNIVAL

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AFRICA

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We are writing to let you knowyour work is very much appreciatedby African Americans who areawakened in this 20th century .

Those. individuals who are seekingto return home, those who are seek-ing to bridge the so-called gap be-tween Africans at. home and Africansin'A' ierica are the ones who have avision of the future . These are theones who can see that there is nofuture for the black race if we don'thave Africa .

Yes! we are for (Bill) HR S965Repatriation for Americans of Af-rican Descent.Keep up the work of informing

scattered Ethiopians, and may Godstrengthen us all .

CHARTER To TRINIDAD

Leaving New York City February 1, 1970Returning February 15th

-Jocrrist ~ -Jrave C/~t~enc'y

342 MADISON AVENUE

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INEW YORK, N. Y. 10017

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Dear Mr. Editor,I was given a copy of "African

Opinion" and was very much im-pressed. I am a resident of NewYork City, but I am employed bythe United States Air Force here.

If it is possible, I would like tobecome a regular subscriber to your"African Opinion" magazine.

Enclosed is a money order ($1 .50)for a one year subscription. Alsocan you send a catalog of your otherfine reading material. Thank You foryour cooperation.

Sincerely,Gary Patterson

Selma, Alabama 36701

Dear Sir,In the very near future, I am

planning to open a book store in theGermantown area of Philadelphia toserve the African community. Thisbook store will deal mainly in"black" literature .I would like to handle the "Afri-

can Opinion" magazine. It is one ofthe most informed periodicals thatdeal with problems confronting theAfrican American in this countrytoday.

Broadus S. WilliamsPhiladelphia, Pa.

Dear Sir :I am writing to inform you of a

change of address as of July 1st. Iwould appreciate starting July 1styou would s nd my subscription ofAFRICAN OPINION Magazine tothe below address.

Also I wolad be very thankful if,with the very next issue, you wouldplease send the expiration date ofsaid subscription so as I will knowexactly when to renew.I really enjoy reading this par-

ticular magazine and hope verymuch to continue such. The wholeof the Black population here, inNorth America, should definitelyread this informative magazine .Thank ,yon . With peace and best

wishes,Geo. HallNewark, N. J.AFRICAN OPINION

WOMEN OF ACHIEVEMENTDr . Arrgie E . Brooks, Woman of

1 testmy and second woman electedpresident of the United Nations Gen-(INrl Asscntblv, is currently being ad-dru,sac! as lladam President by hercolleagues of come 120 delegations;'rom around the globe, with Africanmissions in the ascendency, with 38strong.

'I'lte 41 year old diplomat, AngieI,;Iizabeth Ilrooks, made history andset an awesome precedent when shewas elected President of the twenty-fourth session of the General Assem-bly rmaninrously with every countryresponding . :1 standing" ovationgreeted the Liberian Assistant Sec-retary of State when the election re-,rtlts were iturmunced and the IT.N.1)r)dy rose to its feet . again when shewas escorted tit the rostrum to takeIrer scat.

'fhc unique honor tops her eleventhye;tr as Assistant Sc("retarv of Stateof I,i1H .ria and her tifteenth year aslrer ooutttr ;v's rle le-rate to the General.lsscttd)ly where " sire served in variousvtllttwities .

Mrs . Ilrooks has servcKl as viceChsirrnart of the Assembly's Fourth('( ,.urruittee ('Trust and Non-Self-Goyorttitrf, 'I'crritories) : Vice-Presi-rlvotrt 4 the Committee on Tnforma-tiorr from :ion-Self-Governing Terri-tories ; Chainrrmi of the Fourth Com-mirree ; (1mirmau of the United Na-tWrrs Visitiug- 11is,ion to the Trust'1'erri tarry i)f the Pacific Islands ;Vir-, , -I'residvrrt ,hood President of the

AFRICAN OPINION

By GLADYS P. GRAHAM

(Famata )

Trusteeship Council antong otherpertinent bodies during her long andproductive years at the International11 - orld forruu . Her opinions, declara-rirrns and statesnran,hip have beenlaudatory and unpreeedently withversatility and sagacity, a woman ofvalor and t minendy qualified for thehigh posts .

Born in Vir;ginin, MontserradoCounty, Lihcrio, she holds earneddegrees fry>rri Shaw University inRaleigh, North Carolina (U.S.A.)on a scholarship with lter working herway through rolle-e as a student .Mrs. Brooks also holds a Bachelor

of Law and Master of Science degreein political srierwe from the TTrriver-

Slogan : "TRUTH AND CHARITY"

OUR FAMILIES PROTECTION ASSOCIATION, INC.Sponsors Organized Bodies :

Our School of Business Thought and PracticeSTANDING COMMITTEES : Sick - Planning - Working -EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS: African Movies - LecturesECONOMICAL VENTURES : An Emergency Saving Fund -SOCIAL ACTIVITIES: Weekly Parties - Bus Outings, Etc.WELCOME! to Our Recreational Hall or HEADQUARTERS31 West 125th Street

New York, N. Y . 10027Donations Appreciated! Mr. L . Kofi

STAND HIGHsity of Wisconsin . She did advancedstudy at the University of Londontrnrl obtained a Doctor of Civil Lawdegree from the University o£ Li-4eria . She was the first of her sext o be admitted to practice before theSupreme Court of Liberia . Later sheserved as Assistant. Attorney-Generalof Liheria.As a lawyer of scope she was ex-

tended every consideration by Presi-dent NN' . NT, S . Tubman who emanci-pated tire female species politically.Angie Ilrortks served as Vice-Presi-dent of the International Federationof Women Lawyers. She representedLiberia and the Federation at thefirst session of the United NationsI"conomi(I Commission for Africa.Her two rears as Vice-President

of the National Liberian Politicaland Social Movement. was momeu-tons as was her serviee as SpecialAssistant to the Lott Carey BaptistForeign Mission Convention whichplayed an important part in settingup seholarships for Liberian youth."This outstanding daughter of Africa,indicated to "Famata" that Liberiawas an Afriearr State that must beable to cope with all phases of de-velopment .

Proud of her Africmi heritage andher Afriean dress, which she always,xcars with dignitv, her motto is toactually live the principle thatbrotherhood is an example for othersto follow and to leave something ofworth for those following behind .

Recreational- DiscussionsLoans

Phone: Fl S-5$04

Brown, President

PRIZE FIGHTER LED PILGRIMAGE TO AFRICAA group of African Americans, who embraced the

faith of their fathers, left the United States on Sep-tember 2nd, 1969 on a tour of the African homelandled by the popularly known "Kid McCoy" of prize-fighter fame and now a member of the EthiopianChurch, formerly Coptic . The group besides the churchmembers composed of officials of the UNIA & AfricanCommunities League of New York and others fromBrooklyn and New Jersey .

Leaving New York, their first stop was in Greece,then to Asmara, Ethiopia, and finally Addis Ababa,the capital, now viewed as the "Capital of Africa,"where the seat of the "Organization of African Unity"(OAU) is located.The Pilgrims, some members of the "St. Tekla Hay-

manot Brotherhood Society" of the Church, weregracefully received by the Abuna, Acting Patriarchand Archbishop of Harar who "wish them a pleasantstay among their Ethiopian brethren".

Places and SceneriesThe National Tourist Agency delegated to conduct

the tour showed, the sons and daughters who returnto the homeland for the first time all that were possiblewithin time limit.Warmly received by His Majesty, the Emperor and

all they met including the Dean of "Haile Selassie IUniversity," they visited the "Africa Hall and Li-brary" of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) ;the zoo ; rug industrial setup ; rope factory ; steel foun-dry ; The Holy Trinity Church ; Tomb of King Solo-mon ; the Chief Galla and Menelik tombs and otherhistorical places .The streets they reported are immaculately clean ;

not even a matchstick is seen . No loitering, no drunks,no dope addicts, no vulgarity, no discourtesy, no mug-gings reported . One reported walking 2 A.M. with nofear of being molested . So impressed with the general

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UP YOU MIGHTY RACEEntire Records of Marcus Garvey

Dramatically Portrayed ByAmy Ashwood Garvey, Songs of Thelma Massy &Lord Obstinate . High Lighted by the Tony ThomasOrchestra . Lyric & Music by Rabbi Arnold Ford .

Price : $3 .98

Phone : 212 MO 6-6860

National African Book Store101 West 125th StreetNew York, N. Y. 10027

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By JAMES LEOPOLD

hospitality and serenity that some could not hold backthe tears, as others kissed the soil of their ancient land,and murmured : "My dreams come true . . . our realhome." Some stated they went there with pains andbody aches and by some mystery the aches and painsdisappeared.

Colony of SettlersThe last stop was the Colony of Malcoda in the

Province of Shashamane. The colony is a large areaof flat, fertile land granted by the Emperor to Africansin the Americas for their support during the Italianinvasion of Ethiopia, in 1936 . The settlement is called :the "Ethiopian World Federation Colony", Malcoda,Shashamane, with Mr. James Piper, Administrator.

:111 those who desire to live there may acquire asite for home and garden free of cost except for aminor fee of about Fifteen ($15) Dollars to coverregistration and taxes. Settlers now there are mostlyfrom the West Indies and the United States . Thus farMalcoda has a ten room clinic, a school, and a fewhomes and is opened to thousands who are seekingpeaceful living, security and freedom from fear .

The Only Disturbing FactorsThe administration is having or experiencing a little

difficulty now and then with transients, bearing all theearmarks of imperialist agents, sent to disturb thepeaceful progress of what tends to become a "Rock ofAges." That disruptive technique has been going on inLiberia since around 1884 to the present.

The purpose for the subversive tactics, all thingsconsidered, is to prevent the sons and daughters fromair-cad, with the "know how", to assist the brothers-it home . Their presence there, like those of the foreignJews flocking to Palestine, they reason, might retardth- move now in progress to make Africa a white man'sccnntry.However there is a wind of change blowing in the

AID AFRICA N0WCommittee, Inc.

2395 8th Ave . (Near 128th St.) New York, N. Y. 10027

Appeals for Relief Funds for the Black Brothers andFamilies driven from their homes in Angola, Mozam-bique, South West Africa, Rhodesia, South Africa . . .by Colonialist Bombing Planes and now Refugees inNeighboring States .

Please make donations to the above Committeeand mail to : P.O . Box 126New York, N . Y . 10027

All Funds will be sent through theOrganization of African Unity

AFRICAN OPINION

Photo : Showing Pilgrims in fro+at of the Cathedral with the flbuna in robe .Next on his right is Kid McCoy. Rack head only, is Francisco Rockwood.

On Mr . McCoy's right, in black coat, is his wife, Mrs. McCoy.

international sphere stud the rise of African National-ism tends to reverse the age old scheme.Met by a welcome oomnnittee headed by Mrs . Gladys

Stephen,, of the Vam.nnard hiu " al, VNIA & AfricanCommunities Lea-tic, pd-rinis alighted from theplane did not show the experte(l cnthusiasiu c"omparahlewith that shown oil leaving . On questioning, it wasrevealed that they "did not want to leave" that "happyvalley" discovered previously by I)r. Fortune Fletcher,direetor of the "ATedhane ~1lem School" in AddisAbaba, who stated : "For the first time in my longeducational career (at Lincoln ITniversity, 111"o .) I'vefoutid ecniplcte frcv dorn, nnstintcd cooperation and re-sp(n :ise

11) 111

,

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creative efforts .'I'lu . rhiidren like their parents are exquisitely polite.

They are say catgcr to learn that disciplinary problems

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AFRICAN OPINION

are non-existent. They revere their elders and especiallytheir teachers . Ves, L've found any happy valley, theancient kingdom of Ethiopia, in East Africa, the oldestempire in the world . IIer kings are descendent of KingSolomon and the Queen of Sheba."

I have grown to love this countt .v, which is mag-nificeittly hcantiful, and her people, simple, kind, ar-dently patriotic, and justly proud of their ancient past .

ltilavine Wnhardson, African-American singer, fol-lowed : "There's something strange, strange like magicabout patting your foot on the soil of Africa that:,elves veil a sernslttiott you've m ver lead before in vonrlife. I felt it and experienced it Imt cannot explain it .Ycs, I wa completelY overcoiiie by the spirit of free-dom, untrammeled fn edonn' I was at home once morewith my people. I felt happy, secured and moved .

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My attention is called first to theproclamation of the honorable Mr.Dan H. Brown, The 2nd, Presidentof this Congress, requesting all mem-bers of the Christian Congress tojoin in appealing to God, for Hisblessing and guidance for all man-kind, and for a new birth of freedomand peace in our beloved America. Ihave given this proclamation a care-ful study trying to comprehend itsfull meaning. If and when thesewords are translated into actionthrough the Congress of ChristianStates of America, we can truly saythe new birth of America is here .

For forty (40) years, since 1928,we have traveled the length andbreadth of America ; from the At-lantic to the Pacific ; and have usedevery available means of communica-tion to warn Americans, black andwhite, against this day.We have urged 100 per cent co-

operation between black and whiteAmericans to prevent the destructionof this nation from within . Wewarned Americans both black andwhite that integration has destroyedevery nation that tolerated suchfolly ; and that America would be noexception to the rule.

This prediction was fulfilled from1965 through 1967 when violencebroke out from Maine to Florida ;and from New York to Californiafor self-determination .

Ladies and gentlemen, it cannot

8

(Statements to Congress of Christian States, White Society of America by Bishop Addison

286 LENOX AVENUE124 & 125 St .

African Botique

"WHY AM I HERE"

be gotten through forced integra-tion ; nor by freedom rides andmarches. Public prayers have notserved the purpose intended and sing-ing God's praises in the streets havenot solved the problems. This is con-crete proof where integration leads.We, of the African Universal

Church and Commercial League Cor-poration, havewarned White Americathat passage of various Civil RightsBills will lower "America" into heralready open grave. We warnedBlack America the passage could on-ly be a strong barbiturate to keep theblack man peacefully sleeping whileyour so-called "friends" bury yourso-called "White Enemies" and en-slave you and your chldren's childrenfor generations to come .The so-called poor people's cam-

paign was proof that although themasses of people watch them plungeinto the gulf of destruction, they con-tinue to march in the same direction .

These endeavors are sinking Amer-ica, both white and black. We shouldwant to know from whence comeththe money to support these evils sincewe are taxed on every hand .How long can we survive if the

people continue along these lines.In order to be free all people had

to sponsor a threefold program : theBlack Man is no exception to therule.(1) Onr spiritual development must

meet God's specification

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(2) Our standard of living must bebrought up to the level withthose whom we desire to beequal withOur economic structure must beso geared that we become thecontrolling factor of our owndestiny. Then and only thenwill we be free and equal withother men.

The black man must pay the sameprice, to satisfy his thirst for free-dom.

This is the danger that drives meto my feet! How can we sleep in atime like this? We must prevent thisdestruction of a nation that came in-to being by God's Grace. We cannotallow white or black to drift alongunthinkingly toward this great gulfof danger. It is because of this that"I AM HERE" and now calling up-on the soul and mind of White andBlack America for 100 per cent co-operation, so together we can saveAmerica for the white, and all whowish to retain their stay, and buildAfrica for all who wish to return.This work must be done, and it mustbe started now.

There are whites as well as blackswho have not understood the plan ofthe A.U.C. & C.L . CORP., AfricanStock Exchange Association Develop-ment Corporation. Some don't wantto understand . But I must explainour objective for the good of theworld and humanity .

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II

AFRICAN OPINION

Archbishop Clarence C. Addison, Visible Head ofAFRICAN UNIVERSAL CHURCH

COMMERCIAL LEAGUE CORPORATIONCALLING 144,000 MEN -- WOMEN -- YOUTH

To Create a New SocietyAnd Bring Peace Out of Chaos

By Using the Route Leading FromSERVITUDE TO MASTERY

AND FROM MISERY TO COMFORTas Shown in His New Book"CONSTITUTION"

Founder and President-General of AFRICAN STOCK EXCHANGEASSOCIATION DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, Incorporated under theLaws of the State of New York, Dec. 4, 1964, the Archbishop invitesConcerned Parties to Public Meetings at

LIBERTY HALL8 P.M. Thursdays and 3 P.M. Sundays

3802 3rd Avenue (Near 171st Street)

Bronx, N. Y .For further information, address: ARCHBISHOP C. C. ADDISON

14 Webster Place, East Orange, N. J . 07018New Jersey Phone: 202-675-0896

New York Phone: 212-583-7466

'F11oso of the black Race thatpr(nrlr s(x,ial (-quality, and who areworking for an American race thatwill, ill complexion, be neither whiteor black, f am afraid they will neverrlndersi-and our plan to create ourciwll 1 "1ltployment in America andI 11111d "ntr own New York City ill1 friv.l .

1Vlrite America, it is later thanvcit I

tliilrk .' I' ll( , k( ,(-tr student; must realize that

the cenlrrries ahead will brilig us an(o"('r-crowded eountlv. Will there berootit for two powerful races workingone against, the other? '1'Iie answeris n((. Imagine, tile black race power-ful in ambition but weal; in eco-mlries : holdin' positions which white('11101 Iield, and the whit.(' deprived ofpositii -m.,4 while black are at work andrrlilli"t1 .., of whites ell starvation~-ircct : or just turn it, around, blackliving ill the city of poverty. Hereyou have the bloody picture of whole-sale mot, violence before yon thatI fear, alld a"'ainst which we arewvn "1; i 1l ~~ .

No prcaehing : praying lior presi-(letili :rl prcx " l;11rlatiorl i-VIII I'MOT,01 tile

AFRICAN OPINION

passion of huugrv mireasuning menr1t:ty they he white or black ; whenthe lt~~ttr cWlle:-, but can't %. oll see itis on its way. 'I'o prevent this iswho CVO are wc(rhillg for.

"White America, Listen?"

A gcintl-ation of ambitious black11tcn :0111 w(nnen, out front the bestcolleges, lrlliversitles and Institutions,citpable of fillizlg- the hi-hesl au11 bestpositions ill flu " nation` in industry,(-(n1tri0re, scwiety an(1 lx,litics, canYou keep tlneni back? If you do sotllev will :rgilate and 11trow yoitr con-stil , utiirrr ill Yonr face. (.'an vote standlwf(jrv civilizotion and deny the truth~of ~(nir c(mstitillioll? What are you"(1itt- t(o dc, then? 1'ou who ire justwill lip(-it the door (1f opportunity andrry ii) all ( titer ill . 13ut ladies and0, cr1t1( "rtwir, what thell if i-liere is notetrc,ti-11, tnav they Ire white or black,the rrarvilr- crowd could he of -ourrY+yrt race'. 1Ci11 they stand liv, sufferand st :irv(" and allow, ill oppositenice to o pr("par in the midst of their(li" rrcss

'There 1 ,4 Ilut (111(+ solution, and thatis to pnivide ill owlet for the 131ack

Archbishop Addison shown address-ing the Congress of The ChristianStates of America assembled in Na-tional Convocation, in St. Louis,Mo., June 10 thru 13, 1969 .

11an's energy, ambition, and passion,of his own.

'I'lle hlaek mall lnusl ; have a coun-(of his (,wtt ; a elation in which

11C ('10l foully identify himself.

"Why Should the Black or WhiteDie?"

ll,is llw black malt as well as thewhite, matt served America and theworld'! If:as It(, trot locwtre the burden,of eiviliz;rli(ul in fills western worldfor tl1re( " 1rttildred vears? 11as lie notcoirtnhuk "d cof liis (rest to America?tit1rcly all 1111- stollds 14, Ills credit.11ttt t1wrc will trot lie enough room~111,I lure woe answer is ford a place.. .,j" ( " have fmind ,i lface ; it is Africafl)r the Afric ":1t- at ]ionic and;ihn,ad ~ ., lfack Melr for thr( "c hull-1 1rctl

vv :ir :s

li :tvc

ltellwd

white

rtlen111til(I _Ii1i( "ric " :1, ,urcl~-

and-1,11t(4111 \01h(' 111('1 .«- ill help blackrr1Cr1 lolrild Afr1C,1 .

11'( " c;1r1 orrly 11 :tv(- lwacc when wean , 'ilt,t to all niarlt.hid : acid for thatloi"ncc, :111(1 far the rein (of universalIc1r( " , I 11((w nplwal to the soul of\Vlritc " .111i( "ri( ;i, "Lf:"f 11Y PE0-111.1, : t :(), . .

Da-Uba, there are multitudes offictitious and concocted words,phrases, and ideas rapidly repeatingand spreading. Many of these havebeen invented hundreds of years agoand, although discarded by scienceand common sense, they are still be-ing hammered into the consciousnessof the least suspected.For example : it is stated and con-

stantly repeated that the "GoodLord" summoned a'fictitious creaturenamed "Moses" into a "burningbush", of all places somewhere inSouthern Asia and gave him someCommandments, now being used bythe Christians . Who was this imag-inary person, Uba ?Uba-From all angle of reason-

ing, Moses stands as invention tofurther the plans and purposes ofthe inventor. The same creature issaid to have struck the Red Sea witha rod and that mass of ocean openedup to let pass out of Egypt a groupof feigned persons, to some otherpart of Asia . It is observed of latethat Marcus Garvey is classified asa "Black Moses", leaving the in-tended inference.Da-Here is another strange con-

cection : Europeans changed the Af-rican name Zimbabwe to "Rhodesia"and the media of information herein the West is now naming the220,000 Europeans there "the Rho-desians" and classifying the 5,000,-000 Zimbabweans as "Negroes" and"Blaclz Rhodesians" . Isn't this anoutright alienation, a planned pro-cess of elimination, Uba ?Uba-That is a foregone conclu-

sion . Their action of forming agovernment there in which the fivemillion Africans there have no sayis as clear as crystal. Their brazenaction, like that of their counts rpartin South Africa is that of genocide.Da-But TTba, how can they con-

tinue their barefaced aggression to-day with tho T`nited Nations stand-ing by ?Uba-What TT.N . ? The U.N. is

owned and controlled by the majority-permanent members of the Secur-it

'v Council - China not included .

The group of imperialists and their10

WHEN, WHERE AND WHY?By DA & UBA

offsprings are not dead but onlywounded as Khruschev warned theliberated states .Da-«'hat did that mean to those

free States in Africa, especially thosesatellites and "conservative" statestied to the former enemy and theiroffspring, Uba ?Uba - It did not penetrate the

brainwashed mentality of those con-ditioned leaders. Have you everchecked the first and middle namesc>i those mentioned in the press? Do'IN-On not discover they are all Euro-peans or Christian names ? And thosenames are not changed with inde-pendence, except by a few here andthere who are now targets of foreignagents. It's a slow process to switchto the need of now-today.Da-Yes, Uba, that. is understand-

able but there was a time when ittook months to travel from Timbuktuto Mecca. Today, with our jets, itonly takes one-half day. Today withthe printing press, radio and televi-sion, wire service s, it is time to bein step. It is time we looked out forourselves multilaterally . We cannotafford to sit idle by and permit ourleaders with ostrich mentality, self

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glory, ego and self aggrandizementto jeopardize our preservation.Uba-What step do you propose

be taken at this stage of reconstruc-tion in addition to the Organizationof African Unity (OAU) with now42 free States?Da -Africa has a population of

395,000,000 on the continent andapproximately 100,000,000 in theAmericas . With such a horde whoare now sick and tired of indignitycommonly faced, and standing readyto redeem themselves, the followingsteps should be taken without delay.

1) Delegated agents of AfricanStates (not satellites nor conserva-tives) be commissioned to re-estab-lish and reinforce the "MAU MAU"with instruction to politely informthose paid, subsidized and self-in-terest operators that the welfare of"the whole is greater than any of itsparts." Let them know in brotherlyfashion that if the masses go down,the suction will inevitably pull themdown too.

2) A special meeting of the OAUbe summoned and promptly abol-ished, what the imperialists called,"African Nations" and elect onehead of state-a Chief, King, Em-peror, President, the name imma-terial.

3) Elect those with childish am-bition as advisors, cabinet officialsand other appropriate functions.

4) Designate a commander-in-Chief to federalize or Africanizeall military forces on the continent-army, navy, air force, police alongwith the guerillas. This must be donewith dispatch, since it is now abim-dantly clear that the imperialists

AFRICAN OPINION

REMEMBER THE FREEDOM

FIGHTERS

IN ANGOLA, MOZAMBIQUE,

RHODESIA, SOUTH WEST AFRICA

only respect the lead from the muz-zle of a gun.

It was reported that a field mar-shall from Egypt was named Com-mander of all African Forces. It ispresumed his function was nullifiedby the satellites that gave "Rho-desia", South Africa and Portugal afree hand to push Africans around .Uba-You know these free states

recently merged. They are poor, inmoney, know-how and underdevel-oped and having a lot of difficulties .Da-But, Uba, we have 42 Gov-

ernments. Each one maintains Em-bassies, Consulates, agencies andcommissions in foreign countrieswith rentals, equipments, salaries,etc., running into the billions annu-ally. With this one African Govern-ment the expenses of forty-one (41)states will be saved for securingpeace and progress in Africa .Uba-The OAU might be moving

in that direction beginning with one"Africa Hall" in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia .Da-Yes, Uba, but this is the "Jet

Age", and marking time is out ofdate. Seeing 218,000 Europeanspushing around 4,000,000 Africansin "Rhodesia" ; 3,000,000 kickingaround 16,000,000 Africans in SouthAfrica and Portugal "messing"

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around in Angola and Mozambiqueand outside forces fanning the flameof fratricide in Nigeria, are notpalatable pills to swallow.

I)o we see the picture staring usin our faces where Angola, on theAtlantic and Mozambique on the In-dian Ocean with the enemy in SouthAfrica digging in?Uba-The picture is there in evi-

dence and after everything is saidand done it must occupy the interestof all Africans at home and abroadlike the interest of the Jews, from allparts of the world, in the Palestineissue. Sons and Daughters of Africain strategic position in other parts ofthe world "must be smart" and helpto maintain the African base more

AGENTS WANTEDto handle

AFRICAN OPINIONAddress :

Circulation ManagerS WEST 117th STREET

New York, N. Y. 10026

SEE SUNNY AFRICA THIS WINTER

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INOTr : The following two letters addressed to Mr. Jom.0Logan, director of "African Ambassadors Ball & DinnerCommittee", are released as information only .

The writer of one is the outstanding African States-man, Hon. Mark W. Mwithaga, member of the KenyaParliament, who introduced the measure to "grantAfrican Citizenship to her dispossessed sons anddaughters in the United States and the Caribbean".The other is Mr. E. U. Essien-Udom, professor ofpolitical science at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

My dear Jomo,

I have to thank you for your letter of 19th June,'69, which reached me on 1st July, 1969, and themagazines which you enclosed therein, which I mustconfess, enthrilled me a lot.You may not believe it, I was somehow set to think-

ing how unworthy I am to be selected by your organiza-tion to receive this year's "Black Power Law Award",set for the 26 October, 1969, in New York City . Butthen, my philosophy on the rebirth of the Africanpeoples' lost shining shrines the world over could notallow me otherwise than to accept the Award. I acceptthe selection and of course the Award with open armsand joy.When I first thought of the need for Africa to allow

her dispossessed sons and daughters, now scattered allover the world and mainly in America, was when I wason a study tour of the United Kingdom. There I meta lot of my brothers and sisters. And after interview-ing a number of them, I could not help thinking ofthe ways of getting them back to their motherland,Mother Africa .I held and still hold a strong belief that not one of

you or your forefathers left this continent of one'saccord, but as slaves in shackles, manacles and fettersof the white empire builders . This was a criminal actagainst nature, humanity, and morality. It was acriminal act which has to be deplored each day of ourlife by all those who have pride in their being blackpeople ; by all those who feel that time is ripe forAfrica and her peoples wherever they may be theworld over, to rebuild the destroyed shrines. It is inthis field and this position that I find you and myother brothers and sisters on that part of the globe.

All other peoples on the basis of their race, are busytrying to organize their true places in this world. Yes,the Arab world mobilization, the French intentions toreach Canada and other parts of the globe ; the Irishreunionization, the Jewish mobilization and Zionism,the European and of course the white man's scramblefor the Space. Where is the Black man's position?Merely gaining freedom and independence is not all.It must be accompanied with absolute recognition ofhis position and his origin.We must organize to unite wherever we may be, for

it is not until then, that we can regain our pride, our

12

LETTERS FROM THE HOMELAND

rightful position, our destroyed shrines, indeed, ourheritage. We must organize for absolute freedom tomove and settle where we elect in our Mother Africa .This is what our States must continue to be told nowand again.You on that part of the world can rest assured of

positive victory in the end, now that you have takenthe heavy burden on your shoulders to get all with youin that land to search for HARAMBEE (Jomo Ken-vatta's Kenyan motto for togetherness) with theirbrothers and sisters in Mother Africa . You are notalone, and you'll never be alone.

It was because you were not, are not, and will notbe alone that I took the initiative and had the courageto table my motion in our National Assembly, to enableall Afro-Americans and the Caribbean Islanders tobecome automatic citizens of Kenya and other Statesof the Organization of African Unity. I maintain thisis necessary ; I maintain this is inevitable . And I wasfilled with joy when I received hundreds of letters fromthat part of the world by individuals and organizationsappreciating my efforts. Indeed even the East AfricanStudents Union wrote me a wonderful note on theplatter, and I dare say, all those appreciative notesmeant the opening of new horizons for organizing allour peoples here and there to get to understand oneanother more than ever before.

Get to work together in all spheres more than everbefore ; get to struggle together to rebuild the destroyedshrine . It is my sincere hope that I will be able tomeet many of them if I can come to America. I shouldlike to see and meet the people I have so much affectionand love for. I should like to meet them in that partof the world they were forced to. I should like to meetthe brothers and sisters I want to see allowed to returnto their Mother Africa as and when each one of themfeels the need to do so .

In the meantime, I send my warm regards to allyour co-workers, associates, activists, and sympathizers .I send them salutations for the most sacred and gloriousstruggle you and them are carrying out. I dare addthat persistence in struggle means victory.And until I hear from you, I remain,

My dear Mr. Logan,

In Internaional Brotherhoodof the Black Peoples,

MARK W. MWITHAGA, M.P .Nakuru Town Constituency

The delay in acknowledging your letter of 19 June,1969 is very much regretted. I was pleased to learnfor the first time of African American For Friendship& Retainment of our Image Culture & Arts. Naturally,I welcome the formation of your organization realizingthe continuing need for black people in Africa and theWestern world to maintain and intensify our contacts .I am therefore pl-ased to know that I have been unani-

AFRICAN OPINION

AANDATE ADOPTED BY GARVEYCONVENTIONThe IIIree dt1v

15111

I nterllational('olIveIItIoII . (1f the I i\ 1 .1 c\ AfricoII('olmt11lnitie,

opened scss10H111, die 1' :(rcllt Boils of the \vorld or-lllllliztttic111, lltMt ('olunobla Avclouc,I'IIilaclelIdlia, 1'11 . 41,11 Anellst 2titlltill-11 :3 .1,4 . 1969 aMid c'l0.0l ill tilt :tt-]tloslollere (if calln . There were 11(1

r:1IIC(Il"

11(1

wr1IIIIII .t

,

0V('1'

4lthelalposit ioli :1, 11,nal .

It 11'as do lfcrela t(1cola-loses (1.f other ~ronloill!,:' . . "file

t(l(1k file form of 11tl1( . Africatl Ir :lditi(x1,11 custom ttlldclosed lsitll "Il :tr;tlnl>(~c', 1111 Afric:111slo'au c1t: ..,111111i11~r t(,(,et}1er.

I)ele",tti1'l11, from ( , m-ve,v I)iVi-

,icllt ; lit till , I - 111tccl tihltcs altcl Ja-t1111ic-a, West IIldics ; ali(I reltrescltt :t-tives from (oilier loc ;I1 or .~ :tlliz :ltio]ls(if Africml clescc-ltdellts ,:11 do%v1lto-Alter and devised :1,11(1 ]ileat1 .to further the "African li(YlelllptiollPro-l"ttll " as legislated 11v rcpre-enta-fivcs fr(tin the Afrienli .11'orlcl ('(011-1111111ities ill previous ( ( ollv('11tic111- .

Arltolt-- 1,111 distili ;"tli .llcd llartici-In1l1t . wire : Mr. 11are11s (ion-vv, Jr.(1f Kill". ,toll, J :1I11aiva, West 111(lies ;1I r. Allist afa IIasliiill . Prv.idellt offile Africn11-A111eric:l11 1'cpalriatiollAssoriatloll

of

1'11ilndelpllia :

111%I ;okert I, . l11-(tel. leader (1f theI)ctcrn1111atiot1, I'Lell :tration altd Re-11 :1tri :tticIt1 ( ' (1IItIlkiItee , ,1f

ilif,1r11in .IIIvIiIcIItIY, NIr. Ibex-l< \vtls elected

AS,ist:tlit

Sow retarv

(wlleral

of

the1'111v+ rsal Africat1 11"oirlcl o n."tlliz :l-tio11,

f(1ultdcd

liv

file

(list in-nislled:uld (IC1otmic suit (1f Africa, file lateIl(o1 . 1krells (iltrvcv ill 1IIl t .

AllMiler officials

rvl 1,1 nted to office "withthe dcd1vafed I , 1csidvI1t-(iclicrA, Kr.Tho11tas 11 ' .

Ilarve.N . , «olio presided .

'I'Ite dominati11- 1-"1(c dc;ilt \sith11v 111c assclttlclY the - licl(alriu-ti(no I'll[", lwhldarlv k114m - 1t os ill(-- Mx Bill 11 N N'11 ;5", s11111nitted to.ille ('(,11-rcss (,f tltc 1 , 1111cd titatcs 1>.v('( ;llgte� 111x11 Ito11erl Nix, :111 AfricullAllu-ricnt1, (lit 11(-half (1f his coll~titll-cltts Ili I'11i1a4Icllll1ia .

The kill call ; upon the escclttise:1,11,(1 le-ishttivc kldics to t1l>11r(~lni ;itc "tltrcn1-11 lr;~i,lmiwll fnlul ., 1s111Wn 1,l .reporation, 1 , 411. :31)11 rears of c(otl-I)ukorv fret° laltor au(hservlces un(lc-rs111,l :lifer sl ;lvcrv . The fluid. re-

(Inested or denumded will enable theotfspri]i-s (1f the .laves, who volun-tarilY desire 1,(1 return to file laud of111cir fatllers to (ht so without lnlrd-allip ¬111,1 L(rill-. tell elld tc, three cell-tttric"s of :1!,;itallorl, frnstratiou and11i.m , coltfrotltaticut .The l)ocly 1111 ;111iuionl-dY c11chn-sed

11w, third effort 1,.o settle this 3110vc:lr mlfinished business . (The first" 11el1 Dill was tow "Bi111o~ Bill," 1939\si111 siz lildholt 1lackers ; the second\C :1s the "l .al(ger kill," 1(148 . Bothf;iilcd t(1 :m , akcll the American eon-.( ie11(-c . ) Never the less, the coloven-tiont c ;dl, tllxnl people (If goo(1N+"ill1N1 �- 1,() 71 "Aist ill this peaceful andrcas(n] ;d11e appe:11 to assist ill fnrthcr-ilt!a I11e iltalienahle rig,-lit of self-(Icterltti11t1tioll chosen l1Y those who(Ic "irc to 1'eltll'll ill Afri("al .

1'110 11oa1141ate especially calls onall org-altizalimts (if Afrietm people(people of African Mood and de-s( -( , 11t, ltla(-k people) religious, fro-ler11 :11, 1)(11111cal vt al to to+tively slip-port the "Six bill 11 . li . onI(cllalf (1f fit(, .( , ewlcerned .

llr. AI1ircus Garvey, Jr, the prin-ilril sllc aker, like Iii, father bluntly

Mill directly m(arlled that hhlck pe(}I(le :It-( , sons 1111(1 dau-lttel°, of AfricaIt 11d as mill t 11ev 11 :1 vo the same prol1-Iv11ls . "fife sollitiolt ((f ilw,c, he eln1111t1sizel,

11l11st

be

1t.snmed

I)v

allA1'ric,111, _ 1141 (1114 , else . Africansabroad umst return to the 4fotller-1 :111d Help drive (1111- the eltelnv. And" illcc till evidence have Shown thatri-,ht :111(1 peaec are ]tilt seelll'el from:tllV f(ath1-1'v Iced 4}f vase, \ve lllllstI,e prclnred Ill (lie" fill- frccdo111 andscvnlriy .

Ph .3to :

:Mr. : rtrslafrl flashim . Precirlentof the "Africa�-American Rep,"itrialionAssociation ."

]tlously selected for the tllird l,)l>(ek I'(iwer Award fit.I'ollticttl Science.

()hvionsIv, to 11e -1ven sm-11 :I hig1t 1lcolor is very-rtltifvill- tlltlt(nl ;gl1 it also 11-it ;ltvs the r1tind of therrcillic]tt Who lleces,tlrils tlu1st Wonder wllat eolltrilnl-1 iou lie lms ltmde 1,(1 cleservv it . A . I 11111st defer toy(nlr Vigil se11Ne of lid-11tellt, 1 -l :ldls w-ccllt till .-,a11;1nl, llopin". t1lat ill ,0111e \s :1v, lust ( Icarls (111vi0ns1,(1 1111 T liti(Lltt Itnvo 1luldo u slio11t colltrlI111tioll to the:tdvall(-elllent (1f und( , 1 - ,I :l11d11 I 'll (1,f ollr volllvIolHlral,N.itn :ltiosll .

I %risll t(1 tIt :tuk You, 111c Em,cltfive and Illonolx'rs (1.f~~i1111 , "I"'Alliz .Iti,nl ,for till, verv Ill(olghtf111 :111(1 kllld-cstllrc . I hope that. tile 1)1r1(ls llctweell onlr people,

separated I1hVsicrtlly hilt not .I)ii-itually 11v the Athinlic()ce:m, will -rots ,trom ,ur and stron!~(~r 111 lire years:tl]c :td . I ltop' 111 .0 tllllt the Fiftll A111l11td AticarlAttollasstlilor's Hall and 11iniker will be a great success .11~

(1t11~

regl-rut

is float. I

shall

not

11c there

lilt vsicallylint will I1.. . Ivith vo il ill spirit .

11et1mv11ile, I :1111 eoll-tactill- 11 frieltd who will :ttlcltd the lull mid Dinnerand receive the Awanl oil lnY 11e11alf.

Witll :111 he-t ~sis'lw " .

Yours fl-ti termtll v,

I? .

1 '.

Ea,1 t:N-1 - 11(01ProP ..sur of 1'olilir(11 ScY-lire

Septe11111er,

1969

( - nivcrsity (1f

I l(adm1,

\i!g,,ria

Note : Following is the new statement of policy an-nounced to the people by President Kenneth Kaunda.

"First o£ all, I want to say to the mining companiesthat I am very disappointed at the virtual lack ofmining development since Independence . Apart fromvery small developments at Kalengwa and MimbulaFitula and some further development at existing mines,we have seen nothing. The companies claim that theroyalty system has been against new development.

Nevertheless, I think they have not done enoughtowards further development of the country in whichthey make their great profits. Let me also say that Ido not agree with the Mining Companies that Royaltieshave been the obstacle to the development of the in-dustry. I have been following their accounts and Iknow very well that they could have embarked uponfurther expansion, if they chose to devote part of theirprofits for this purpose. Instead of re-investing theyhave been distributing over eighty per cent of theirprofits every year as dividends."Having gone into the matter very thoroughly in my

capacity as Minister of Mines, I now hold even strongerviews than I did last year. You are all familiar as tohow Cecil Rhodes and his clique in the "British SouthAfrica Company", at the beginning of the century,acquired mineral concessions from our Chiefs. On In-dependcnee we took over the mineral rights which wereheld by the "British South Africa Company" . How-ever, in practice this meant nothing except that wewere able to levy a royalty on the extraction of mineralsfrcm our own soils.We found that all areas which were rich in mineral

deposits were passed on in perpetuity by the "BritishSouth Company" to the two major Mining Groups -the "Anglo-American Corporation" and the "RhodesianSelection Trust" which is now the "Roan SelectionTrust" .

Conspiracy Revealed in Operation

If yon examine a geological map o£ Zambia you willfind that most of the northern area of the country, theCopperbelt and the North-Western Province, is sharedbetween these two groups . These groups hold the min-ing rights in perpetuity, i.e . forever and ever . All weobtained in Independence was the right to charge aroyalty on the value of the minerals which were ex-tracted from our soils. However, in order to chargethe royalty we had to wait for the pleasure of theAlining Companies to develop a mine. Since they hadthe mining rights in perpetuity they were not par-ticularly in a hurry to embark upon further develop-ment . «as a people's Government, had legally nopower to force them and no power to take away theirmining rights and offer them to other groups whichwere willing and able to commence new mining de-velopments .

Regardless of whether we needed development verybadly we could not safeguard against a possible drop

14

ZAMBIA TAKES OVER MINERAL RIGHTSin the price of copper and consequent loss of Govern-ment revenues which would bring a halt to our de-velopment plans, present and future. We could nottell the Mining Companies : you either develop theareas which you have or we shall take them away fromyou and give them to somebody else who is willing todo so . We could not even tell them we shall take themaway and develop them ourselves in the interest of theNation .

The Constitution which was handed down to us byour previous "Colonial masters" made sure that we didnot have this power.

Clause 18 of the Constitution was inserted for thisspecific purpose. And what is worse, Clause 18 couldnot be repealed by an Act of Parliament but only bya B(,ferendum, and in order to win the Referendumthe Government, as I explained earlier, had to get a"ES vote from at least fifty-one per cent of all the

voters registered on the Voters Roll .Now that the Nation has given me the mandate

through the Referendum, I am able to announce far-reaching Mining Economic Reforms which will setthis Nation well and truly on the road to its EconomicIndependence.

Steps Toward Economic Independence

In the interest of the Nation and depending on themandate that it gave me on the 17th Time, 1969, Ihereby proclaim that all rights of ownership or partialownership of Minerals must revert to the State. Theseinclude :

The "'North Charterland Concession" whichcovers almost the entire Eastern Province andis owned by LONRHO.

(2) The "Rhodesia Katanga Concessions" aroundthe Mkushi area and which is partially ownedby a British Company called the "TanganyikaConcessions".The Big Concession which is partially ownedby the "African Gold and Base Metal Hold-ings", an affiliate of the "Anglo-AmericanCorporation" .

(4) 6 x 10 square mile areas partially owned by"Bechuanaland Exploration Company" .3 x 10 square mile area which are partiallyowned by the "Kafue Development Com-pany".Rhodesia Railway Farms and the KwimbeFarm and Nyamokolo Farms entirely ownedby the "London Missionary Society" .

These Concessions gave the holders the right to allminerals in the areas. In addition, they gave them theright to explore and mine these minerals for their ownaccount without even paying Royalty to the State.Furthermore, they gave them the right to grant miningrights to others and charge a Royalty for their ownbenefit.

And Not Only That ButWe have been trying since Independence to negotiate

AFRICAN OPINION

THE LAFAYETTE THEATRERETURNS

The theatre that held the attentionof the African Community of Har-lem during the thirties and mysteri-ously closed down has now returnedtriumphantly as the "New LafayetteTheatre" at 138th Street and 7thAvenue in New York City .With the resumption of pride and

self-determination believed to havebeen inspired by the Garvey Wave,the Community then witnessed inde-pendent creation of plays with match-less acting never seen before inAmerica.Many of the actors starred in

"Shuffle Along," "Black Birds,""How Come" attracted world at-tention.'1'o

obtain

standing

space

only,tickets had to be secured three weeksin advance, especially that of "HowCome," which many reported theysaw three times. The fans had beenso numerous that producers fromother areas shrewdly picked out thestars, sandwiched them with theirown and pulled the fans away, aswith the case of the "Black Yankees"in Harlem.Black people are born actors and

the future of the "New LafayetteTheatre" is undoubtedly bright, ifself dependents and indigenous ser-vice continue to be the outlook asthe present show indicated.

with the holders to purchase back these Concessions inthe interest of the Nation . We were faced with de-mands amounting to as high as half a million kwachaand this only for some of them .Example (a) . Litunga's Rights. The Litunga holds

rights to determine conditions of prospecting licences,mining leases, etc., and to claim Royalty on mineralsin certain areas . . . I have to terminate these rightscompletely and without compensation . The rights ofthe Litunga should not be different to those of ourother traditional Rulers . The rights of the Litungaare not different to those of the Nation, and I, and myGovernment are the elected custodians of the interestsof the Nation . The Litunga can rest assured, however,that we shall exercise these rights in the best interestsof the Nation as a whole.

(b)

Exclusive Prospecting Licences. These conferthe right to prospect for the discovery of minerals inspecified areas. There are a number of such licencesin existence, most of them extending up to the end ofAFRICAN OPINION

THINGS WORTH NOTING

KONGO OFFICIALS CALLEDON MOSCOW

Two months ago press reportedthat Justin-Marie Bomboko, ForeignMinister of the Kongo (Kinshasa),called on Andrei A. Gromyko, For-eign Minister of the Soviet Unionand exchanged views on developinggreater relation between the twocountries .

During the Kongo conflict overNeo-colonists battle to retake theKongo, under the watchful eyes ofU.N. troops, the then manacled Kon-go Officials were pressured into ask-ing the Socialist States to removetheir Diplomatic Missions . And whatwas most comical of all, in the franticefforts of those with designs on Af-rica, was to request the U. A. R.(Egypt), a sister African State toleave too, leaving only NATO andsatelites in charge.

Not long after a "Lumiunba Col-lege of Technology" was establishedin Russia, a concrete gesture asthings stood ; since, when independ-ence declared there were only four(4) college trained Kongolese in apopulation of sixteen million.

BLOODY UPRISINGEMERGING

The Rev. Dr . Franklin Clark Fry,President of the 3,000,000 membersof the Lutheran Church, sent thefollowing message to the "White So-ciety" of America in January : "Aracial emergency of gigantic propor-tion" coming ; "More destructive andbloody uprisings that are no longergoing to be confined to the ghettoareas but will be carried into whiteareas" .

"Unpleasant as it is for me to sayand for you to hear, the UnitedStates confronts a time of spiralingand spreading violence . . . unless amassive improvement of the lot of`negro' ghettos (African Communi-ties) come quickly."

"Frighteningly outspoken AfricanAmericans are more and more ex-pressing their willingness to die, forwhat they believe is right, and notunwilling to have others die withthem."

The seed of conflict sprouted in1619 A.D . on the "Good ShipJesus", watered and now grown tothe tree of danger . "Helping slumresidents as proposed is saying tothose driven into frustration : We arenot concerned with your hopes, as-pirations nor your outlook. . . Thisis what we plan for you, an irritatinggesture, the germ of conflict .

1970 . I am going to allow these licenses to cover their,11111 course but the holders will have to accept the newconditions that I shall impose upon them. The mostimportant condition is that the State will have the rightto take up (at least) fifty-one percent of the shares inany mine that may be established as a result of a dis-covery of Minerals .

(c) Special Grants and Mining Locations . Theseare the rights that Cecil Rhodes and his successors, the"British South Africa Company", have passed onmainly to the two Mining Groups in Zambia to enjoyin perpetuity, i.e., forever and ever.

These Special Grants cover vast areas of the country.Some of them have been lying idle, and the holders ofthe Special Grants did not even make an attempt toexplore in these areas for the existence of Minerals.Some of them are in the process of being explored

now ; others have been explored and Minerals dis-covered. (Continued in next issue)

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