active with africa - special focus on south africa

8/13/2019 Active with Africa - Special focus on South Africa

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AFRICASpecial focus on South Africa

Active with

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SUPPORTING THE CONTINENT

OF OPPORTUNITIES

Angel Gurra,

OECD

Secretary-General

Africa is begin ning to realise more and more its great economic and social potential. Several African

countries have been growing faster than OECD countries in the past few years. With an emerging

middle class, a new generation of innovative entrepreneurs, increasing school enrolment and

significant advancement in the use of information and telecommunications technologies (ICT), Africa

is beginning to reap the benefits of deeper integration into the world economy.

The challenge for policy makers in Africa is to ensure that growth is not only strong, but also inclusive.

Having achieved remarkable progress on macroeconomic management, they now must press on with

structural reforms to boost productivity g rowth, job creation and social cohesion.

With almost 200 million people aged between 15 and 24, Africa has the youngest population in the

world. This number is expected to double by 2045. Many jobs have been created over the last decade,

but many more will need to be created in the coming years to make it possible for young Africans to

have an occupation that gives them real opportunities and the prospects for a better life. The quality

of jobs will also need further improvement.


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Making growth more inclusive is indeed possible. Botswanas development, for example, demonstrates that the countrys mineral

wealth can be used in a beneficial and transparent way. Mauritius has improved both access to and the quality of higher education.

Learning from those and other examples of success requires effective knowledge partnerships.

That is where the OECD can help. Our Strategy on Development provides innovative tools to foster dialogue and forge new ideas,

supporting our African partners to meet the challenge of inclusive and sustainable economic development. This Strategy places

particular emphasis on mutual learning. The OECD has also greatly benefited from the policy perspectives of its Key Partner, South

Africa, which has been indispensable as an initiator, supporter and faci litator of our work in Africa.

The OECD has formed partnerships with African and other organisations to promote social and economic progress and policy

dialogue. Working with our partners, we are supporting African governments reform agendas to strengthen democratic governanceand resource mobilisation, improve the investment climate, and promote sustainable economic growth and employment. To do so,

we help develop investment policy frameworks, growth-enhancing structural policies, and the formation of skills and capacities.

We are addressing a broad range of issues, such as the promotion of food security, trade, investment, competition, tax collection,

employment and gender equality, as well as the improvement of public and corporate governance, public debt management, business

integrity, science, technology, innovation and education.

The OECD takes pride in its contributions to Africas growing prosperity and well-being. We will continue to put our expertise at the

service of Africa in order to accelerate the continents development and thus foster better policies for better lives.

Angel Gurra

OECD Secretary-General


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Acronyms

Feedback? Questions ? [email protected]

ACF African Competition Forum

AEO African Economi c Outl ook

AfDB African Development Bank

APF Africa Partnership Forum

APRM African Peer Review Mechanis m

ATAF African Tax Administration Forum

AU African Union

CABRI Collaborative Africa Budget Reform Initi ative

CILSS Permanent Interstate Committee for DroughtControl in the Sahel

DBSA Development Bank of South Africa

ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States

ICA Infrastructure Consortium for Africa

MDGs Millennium Development Goals

NEPAD New Partnership for Africas Development

OECD/DAC OECD Development Assistance Committee

OECD/SWAC OECD Sahel and West Africa Club Secretariat

SADC Southern African Development Community

SARS South African Revenue Service

UEMOA West African Economic and Mon etary Union

UNECA UN Economic Commission for Africa

UN-OSAA UN Office of the Special Adviser on Africa


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FORMAL PARTNERSHIPS WITH AFRICA

SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA CLUB (SWAC)

SWAC is a group of West African regional organisations, countries and international organisations that

work together towards the development and integration of the West African region. SWAC is the oldest

initiative of solidarity and partnership between the OECD and Africa. It was founded by OECD Members

in 1976 to raise international support for and awareness of the drought crises in the Sahel. Its geographic coverage was extended in

2001 to encompass all West African countries. In 2011, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the West African

Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) and the Permanent Inter-State Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS) joinedthe Club as full Members.

The Club observes the regions socio-economic, political and environmental trends, conducts prospective analyses and promotes

dialogue. Policy priority work areas in 2011-2012 focused on food security as well as security and development issues. The 2013-14

programme will continue to support the strengthening of regional governance, food and nutritional security, and helps improve regional

tools for policy management in this area. This will be complimented with figures and trends within the OECD West African Studies

series, the SWAC online resource centre West Africa Gateway, weekly NewsBriefs, social networks , etc.

www.oecd.org/swac www.westafricagateway.org


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www.oecd.org/swac/foodsecurity

Food Security

Food security goes beyond agricul tural policies, so regional organisations need to design policies that pay

more attention to other sectors with an impact on food security (infrastructure, urban planning, population

policies, etc.). Moreover, settlement dynamics have profoundly reshaped the social and economic geography

of West Africa over the past 60 years. As the West African population is projected to double by 2050, the transformations of agricultural

production systems will be profound. The SWACs West African Futures (WAF) programme: Settlement, Market and Food Security

analyses how spatial, economic and social consequences of settlement and market dynamics impact on food securi ty. Data is available

within theStatistical Mapping and Analyt ical Regional Tool(SMART). www.oecd.org/swac/waf

SWAC works closely with West African regional actors to strengthen West African leadership and establish regional response mechanismsaimed at improving food crisis prevention and management: information-sharing and policy dialogue within the Food Cri sis Prevention

Network (RPCA). The creation of a regional food reserve was officially endorsed in 2012 by the ECOWAS member countries. SWAC

participates in the ECOWAS Task Force charged with the implementation of the regional strategy of food security stocks. More

particularly, it supports the application of the Charter for Food Crisis Prevention and Management, approved by ECOWAS member

countries, Chad and Mauritania. www.oecd.org/swac/topics/charter.htm

SWAC is playing a facilitator role in the Global Alliance for Resilience Initiative Sahel-West Africa (AGIR) launched i n December 2012.

The initiative aims to promote greater resilience among vulnerable populations by creating greater synergy between emergency actions

and long-term strategies aimed at addressing the root causes of food crises. www.oecd.org/swac/topics/agir.htm

. .


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Security and Development Issues

SWAC also promotes dialogue on security. In 2012, somefifty security and development experts, including a large

delegation from Mali, gathered at the SWAC Colloquium

at the OECD Headquarters, to discuss West Africas major

security challenges. A paper on lessons from this Colloquium

highlights links between local insecurities and global threats, the

collusion between terrorism and transnational organised crime,

the shortcomings of democracy in the region, and the roleof West African and African peace and security mechanisms.

www.oecd.org/swac/events/securitycolloquium.htm

The reflection on security issues is deepened in the SWAC

publications:Global Security Risks and West Africa: Development

Challenges, Conflict over Resources and Terrorism: Two Facets

of Insecurity and Human Security Trends in West Africa(forthcoming).

www.oecd.org/swac/topics/securityanddevelopment.htm

Global Security Risks and West Africa:

Development Challenges

ISBN 9789264110663

Conflict over Resources and Terrorism:

Two Facets of Insecurity

ISBN 9789264190276


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AFRICAN ECONOMIC OUTLOOK (AEO)

The AEO is published annually, in partnership with the AfricanDevelopment Bank (AfDB), the OECD Development Centre, the United

Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Economic

Commission for Africa (UNECA), with additional financial support from the European Union and

the Committee of African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP).

The Outlook uses comparative data and analysis on Africas economic, political and social trends,

includes original macro-economic forecasts and helps identify successful policies. In addition itincludes in-depth profiles of 53 countries in Africa. The focus of AEO 2012 is the promotion of youth

employment in Africa. It presents a comprehensive review of both challenges and opportunities Africa

faces in providing its young population with sufficient and decent jobs. The 2013 edition will analyse

the patterns and underlying drivers of structural change in Africa, and place a special emphasis on

the role of natural resources and economic diversification in this process.

www.africaneconomicoutlook.org

African Economic Outlook 2012:

Promoting Youth Employment

(English, French, Portuguese)

ISBN 9789264176096

Its full content is available freely at:


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African economies have been growin g at a remarkable rate over the last decade. Between 2001 and 2010, six of the worlds ten fastest-

growing economies were in sub-Saharan Africa. Even in the wake of the cri sis, Africa has been growing at 5% every year, almost twice

the global rate (2.7%). Despite the slowdown in North African countries following the 2011 Arab spring, growth across the continent

is expected to reach 4.8% in 2013, and 5.4% for sub-Saharan economies alone.

Africa s Economic Growth (%)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011(e) 2013(p)

GrowthRate

(%)

Africa Sub-Saharan Africa North Africa

Source : Afri can Economic Out look

However, in many countries growth has not translated into sufficient jobs and a significant improvement of the quality of life. Sub-Saharan

Africa had the lowest aggregate level of human development in 2011, though posti ng the second fastest annual increase over the peri od

2000-11. In spite of recent progress in poverty reduction, the current pace is too slow for the continent to achieve the United Nations

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015. Extreme poverty is expected to affect nearly 36% of the African population (excluding

North Africa) in 2015, against the previous forecast of 38% (UN, 2011).


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International Economic Forum on Africa

The International Economic Forum on Africa is the annual meeting of European and African policymakers, economists and academics based in Europe and working on and with Africa. It is organised

by the OECD Development Centre, the AfDB, UNDP, UNECA and the French Government. It

has become the most important annual event on Africa in Europe, convening business people,

development co-operation professionals, researchers, civil society, students and journalists to engage

with a panel of experts discussing the findings of the African Economic Out look.

The subject of the 2012 Forum was: Promoting Youth Employment: Making the Most of AfricasHuman Resources & Natural Wealth. It was held at the OECD Conference Centre in Paris. The 201 3

Forum will focus on Natural Resources & Structural Transformation i n Africa.

Former Nigerian President Obasanjo, who attended the Forum in 2012, has become an honorary

member of the Global Network of Foundations Working for Development (see section on netFWD).

Olusegun Obasanjo

Former President, Federal Republic

of Nigeria at the 2012 International

Forum on Africa.

www.oecd.org/site/devfap12


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AFRICA PARTNERSHIP FORUM (APF)

The APF was established following the Evian G8 Summit as a way of broadening the existing dialogue between the G8 and NEPADto include other African instituti ons and Africas major bilateral and multilateral development partners. Its objective is to catalyse and

support action on both sides of the partnership in support of Africas development. It has a dual role, both in making recommendations

to leaders on decisions which need to be taken in key regional and global processes, and in monitoring the delivery of commitments

by both sides of the partnership.

The APF meets twice a year, one meeting focusing on the main political issues, the second on monitoring and evaluation of commitments.

It is co-chaired by two African countries (currently Benin and Ethiopia), and two development partners (currently the US and Belgium).Meetings in 2011 and 2012 have focused on private sector investment, infrastructure, energy, and illicit fi nancial flows. The effectiveness

and future of the Forum will be considered in an independent external evaluation in the first half of 2013, as it approaches its 10th

anniversary.

The OECD participates in the APF together with other organisations such as the IMF, World Bank, UNDP, UNECA and WTO. It also

hosts a Support Unit that provides substantive policy inputs, and produces an annual joint report with UNECA.

www.oecd.org/site/africapartnershipforum


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www.mrde-africa.org

I have this faith in Africasability to confront and deal with

its challenges. The continentcontinues to show its ability toadjust to new realities and remainfocused on development. It is

this positive process that we in ECA in closepartnership with OECD are accompanying.We believe, eventually, Africa will be

transformed into what we all aspire it to be:a continent that governs itself better; utilizesits resources for the benefit of its people; acontinent whose growth has a positive impacton its population. It is this belief which fuelsmy enthusiasm, confidence and optimism inthe future of Africa.

Abdoulie Janneh,UN Under-Secretary-General and ExecutiveSecretary of the UN Economic Commission forAfrica (UNECA)

The 2012MutualReview of Development Effectiveness in Africa covers

four broad policy areas: sustainable economic growth, investment in

people, good governance, and financing for development. Within theseareas it looks at 18 indi vidual topics, ranging from trade and agriculture,

to education and health, political and economic governance, domestic

resource mobilisation and official development assistance.

2012

A jointreport by:

theEconomic Commission for Africaand the

Organisation for EconomicCo-operati on andDevelopment

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The Mutual Review of Development

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(English, French)


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COLLABORATIVE AFRICA BUDGET REFORM INITIATIVE (CABRI)

The OECDs Working Party of Senior Budget Officials (SBO) is recognised as the worlds leading forum on international budgetingissues. Inspired by the SBO, CABRI was launched i n 2004. The OECD co-operated closely wi th the South African National Treasury in

establishing CABRI and has been closely associated with it ever since.

CABRI brings together the budget directors and other senior budget officials from 24 African countries annually to share experiences

and draw inspiration from each other in order to improve budgeting systems. CABRI seeks to improve the efficacy of public finance

management in Africa. Its objectives are, first, to bolster the capacity of senior budget officials to take an active role in planning and

managing reforms and, second, to expand the existing knowledge of both successful and unsuccessful reform initiatives.

Most recently, the OECD and CABRI jointly extended the OECD Budget Practices and Procedures Survey to Africa. This provided

comparable information for 24 African countries on budget formulation, legislative approval, budget implementation, and audit. These

data have been analysed in co-operation with the AfDB.

www.cabri-sbo.org www.oecd.org/gov/budget/database


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NEPAD-OECD AFRICA INVESTMENT INITIATIVE

The NEPAD-OECD Africa Investment Initiative is avehicle for co-operation between African countries

and the worlds major investing countries. It is co-

chaired by South Africa and Japan and bui lds on a partnership between

the OECD Investment Committee and NEPAD.

The Initiative has also involved close co-operation with international

organisations including the AfDB, AU, UNECA, the African Peer ReviewMechanism (APRM), the Infrastructure Consortium for Africa (ICA),

the UN Office of the Special Adviser on Africa (OSAA), the UN Special

Rapporteur for the Right to Food and the World Bank.

The Initiatives sixth Ministerial Meeting is expected to take place in late

2013. Moreover, the Government of Japan has asked the Initiative to

contribute to the organisation of the Tokyo International Conferenceon African Development (TICAD V), in Yokohama on 1-3 June 2013.

Since 2002, NEPAD and theOECD have been engagedin a partnership to supportAfrican development. We havecollaborated in the implementationof the NEPAD-OECD Africa

Investment Initiative which is working to

improve the investment climate, particularlyfor the agriculture and infrastructure sectors;the Initiative has provided support for thereform of investment regimes in four Africancountries using the OECDs Policy Frameworkfor Investment.

Dr Ibrahim Mayaki,

Chief Executive Officer of the NEPAD Agency


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Policy Framework for Investment (PFI): Investment Policy Reviews (IPRs) and Regional Investment Framework

The OECD PFI is the most comprehensive and systematic approach for

improving investment conditions ever developed. It covers 10 policy

areas and addresses some 82 questions to governments to help them

design and implement policy reform to create a truly attractive, robust

and competitive environment for domestic and foreign investment.

www.oecd.org/investment/pfitoolkit

The OECDs Investment Policy Reviews (IPRs) include overviews

of investment trends and analyse the policies of the countries

reviewed. This can include investment promotion and facilitation,

infrastructure, competition policy, trade pol icy, tax policy, corporate

governance, responsible business conduct, public governance,

and human resources. The Zambia IPR was completed in 2011,

and the Reviews of Tanzania, Mozambique, Botswana and Mauritius should be finalised by early 2013. In 2012, the IPR of Nigeria

was launched, in view of improving investment policy coherence and implementation both at federal and state levels. The Nigeria

review process will therefore include a special component on investment for local purposes, which will apply the PFI to Lagos State.

www.oecd.org/daf/investment/countryreviews

Burkina Faso's Ministry of Agriculture developed a new investment framework for agriculture, with the support of the NEPAD-OECD

Africa Investment Initi ative and SWAC, based on the Policy Framework for Investment in Agricul ture (PF IA).

OECD Investment Policy Reviews:

Zambia 2012

ISBN 9789264169043

Cadre d'action pour l'investissement

agricole au Burkina Faso

ISBN 9789264169081


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The NEPAD-OECD Africa Investment Initiative has

developed regional partnerships and involves co-operation

with the 14 Member States of the Southern African

Development Community (SADC) on the elaboration of

a Regional Investment Policy Framework (IPF). Taking the

OECD PFI as a reference, the project aims to improve and

co-ordinate investment policy design and implementation

across the SADC region.

It will draw on peer learning and experience-sharing among

SADC countries. In a first phase and in close collaboration

with SADC Member States, the project will work towards

regional guidelines for investment policy (with a particular

focus on national treatment and international investment

agreements). In a second phase, work on the Regional IPF

will address investment promotion and facilitation (with a

possible emphasis on investment incentives).

"The SADC Secretariat is pleased to partnerwith the OECD in guiding investment policy

co-ordination and reform in the region.SADC Member States have identified theOECD Policy Framework for Investmentas a reference for developing the SADC

Regional Investment Policy Framework. This joint workwill build on the Investment Policy Reviews undertakenby the NEPAD-OECD Africa Investment Initiative in

5 SADC Member States so far, for which the SADCSecretariat was an official partner. The resultingRegional Framework will serve to promote additionalreforms in a region whose growth path is similar to thoseof many emerging economies. The Framework aims tofacilitate co-ordinated investment policy improvementacross SADC, so as to increase the competitiveness ofthe region as a whole for attracting investment."

Dr Tomaz A. Salomo,Executive Secretary of the Southern African DevelopmentCommunity (SADC)


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The Initiative has equally taken the lead in adapting and targeting several OECD investment instruments, such as the OECD Guidelines

for Multinational Enterprisesto the African context. South Africa contributed to the revision of this instrument, as well as to di scussions

on i nternational investment agreements and arbitration hosted by the OECD Investment Committee.

The OECD is also preparing an OECD Working Paper on International Investment, coverin g the South African authorities self -

assessment against OECD investment instruments. These legal instruments, aimed at responsible, non-discriminatory investment

policies, spearhead efforts to develop i nternational rules relating to capital movements, international investment and trade in services.


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Investment in Infrastructure

The NEPAD-OECD Africa Investment Initiative has helped African and international partners to promote policies that improve the

investment climate in Africa in concrete ways. Annual expert roundtables have focused on ways to maximise investment in Africas

infrastructure sectors: water and sanitation (2007 in Lusaka), transport (2008 in Kampala), energy (2009 in Johannesburg) and agriculture

(2011 in Dakar).

To further assist host governments in leveraging the different forms of finance available for infrastructure investment, the Initiative has

also partnered with the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) under the Aid for Investment in Africa's Infrastructure project.

The first output of this project is a report on Mapping Support for Africa's Infrastructure Investment, which presents an overview

of support by development partners as well as financial instruments that are promoting private investment for Africas infrastructure.

In addition, the OECD has designed several targeted policy tools to help policy makers in the development of national infrastructure.

These include the OECD Principles for Private Participation in Infrastructure(which have since been specifically adapted to the water

sector), and most recently the Policy Guidance for Investment in Clean Energy Infrastructure .

Building on these country assessments and policy tools, in 2012 the Initiative launched a training and advisory programme on Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Zambia, with a focus on the roads sub-sector. The programme, which gathered government stakeholders

for a one-week workshop, was undertaken in partnership with the AfDB, the law firm Allen & Overy, the SADC Development Finance

Resource Centre (DFRC), and the South African Treasurys PPP Unit.

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There is strong demand for conducting similar PPP programmes

in other African countries that have undertaken IPRs. Tanzania

and Mozambique have recently expressed interest, with a possible

focus on the energy sub-sector. In this lig ht, a partnership is being

formed with the SADC PPP Network to carry out the programme

at regional level. Other contributors to these trainings are

expected to include the OECD Southern African SOE Network

and the Development Bank of South Africa (DBSA).

The Initiative works closely with the Southern African SOE

Network, notably to investigate the role that State-Owned

Enterprises (SOEs) play in Africas infrastructure development.

Mapping Support for

Africa's Infrastructure

Investment

OECD Principles for Private Sector

Participation in Infrastructure

(English, French)

ISBN 9789264034105

Mapping Support for Africas

Infrastructure Investment


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Economic Diversification

Economic diversification holds great potential to increase Africas resilience and could contribute to

achieving and sustaining long term economic growth and development in the continent. Broadly-

based economies, active in a wide range of sectors, and firmly integrated into their regions, are better

able to generate robust growth and sustainable growth. Jointly with the UN-OSAA the NEPAD-

OECD Africa Investment Initiative published the report Economic Diversification in Africa: A Review

of Selected Countries. This study analyses the economies of selected African countries and their

diversification profiles and strategies. The five case studies of Angola, Benin, Kenya, South Africa, and

Tunisia, provide a detailed view on the state of economic diversification in the continent. From these

experiences, policy recommendations are drawn for African governments, regional institutions and

the international community.

Economic Diversification in Africa:

A Review of Selected Countries

ISBN 9789264038059

www oecd org/africa


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OECD NETWORK ON CORPORTATE GOVERNANCE OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (SOEs) INSOUTHERN AFRICA

Corporate governance in Africa is one of the four pillars of the African Peer Review Mechanism(APRM) alongside Democracy and political governance, Economic governance and management

and Socio-economic development. In establishing the APRM, the AU endorsed the OECD Principles

of Corporate Governance as a relevant self-assessment benchmark. The Principles have also been

used as an inspiration for corporate governance codes in some African countries, including Egypt,

Mauritius, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia.

In 2008, the OECD established a Southern African regional Network on SOE Governance bringing

together 15 African economies to support SOE corporate governance reforms through policy

dialogue among representatives of African and OECD countries. Discussions are based on the OECD

Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-owned Enterprises.

The OECD will support the development of a set of regional Guidelines on the Corporate Governance

of SOEs in the Southern Africa region. The Guidelines will be developed by a regional Taskforce

and are expected to cover a number of priority areas, including ownership arrangements, board

nomination, appointment and remuneration, as well as transparency and accountability of SOEs.

The OECD also collaborates closely w ith other regional and international institutions working to develop better corporate governance

in both the private sector and SOEs, including the Global Corporate Governance Forum, the World Bank, the International Finance

Corporation, NEPAD, SADC Development, Finance, Resource Centre (DFRC), DBSA and the AfDB.

OECD Guidelineson Corporate Governanceof State-owned

nterprises

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OECD Guidelines on Corporate

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(English, French)

ISBN 9264009426

www.oecd.org/daf/corporateaffairs/soe/africa


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AFRICAN TAX ADMINISTRATION FORUM (ATAF)

The ATAF is a platform to promote and facilitate co-operation

among African tax administrations (and other relevant and interested

stakeholders) with the aim of improving the efficacy of their tax

legislation and administrations. Having worked with African tax

administrations since the early 2000s, the OECD concluded in 2012

an agreement with ATAF to enhance its co-operation, making it the

first organisation to do so. Through its Committee on Fiscal Affairs

(CFA) and the Tax and Development programme of the CFA andDevelopment Assistance Committee (DAC), the OECD is working

closely with ATAF to help develop and deliver its agenda.

Since the inauguration of ATAF, theinvaluable support and commitmentof the OECD has helped ATAFachieve many successes in its questto promote economic growth throughdeveloping tax administrations on

the African continent. In a short space of time,

our two organisations have developed a specialrelationship that has continued to contributesignificantly to the sharing of knowledge andthe development of technical skills for Africanrevenue administrators. The Memorandum ofCo-operation between the OECD and ATAF is anatural extension of this continued partnership.

Logan Wort,Executive Secretary of ATAF

www.ataftax.net

www.oecd.org/africa


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OECD Task Force on Tax and Development

Domestic resource mobilisation through taxation is critical for African countries to be able to raise

the revenue needed to achieve the MDGs. The OECD Task Force on Tax and Development, a multi-

stakeholder advisory group, supports the OECDs tax capacity buildi ng effort in Africa. This includes

initiatives focusing on tax and state-building, transfer pricing and increasing the transparency of

financial reporting by multinational enterprises. Working closely with South Africa, the OECD has

provided active support to the G20 pi llar on domestic resource mobilisation.

In addition, the Task Force supports the work of the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of

Information for Tax Purposes to ensure that African countries benefit from a more transparent global

tax environment. Two-year pilot projects aimed at providing in-depth technical assistance to Ghana

and Kenya to help them implement the international standards were launched in 2011, in co-operation

with the World Bank Group, with support from the UKs Department for International Development.

Responding to a call from the G20 and some of its members, the Global Forum is developing a secure

Co-ordination Platform as a tool to enhance co-ordination between providers of technical assistance

in the fi eld of tax transparency and information exchange. ATAF is an observer to the Gl obal Forum

and other African regional organisations have been invited to become observers as well.

www.oecd.org/tax/globalrelations www.oecd.org/tax/transparency

Global Forum on Transparency and

Exchange of Information

for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews:

South Africa 2012: Combined:

Phase 1 + Phase 2

ISBN 9789264182134


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Stocktaking of Business Integrity and

Anti-Bribery Legislation, Policies and

Practices in Twenty African Countries

(English, French)

ISBN 9789264169524

www.oecd.org/corruption/africa

OECD/AfDB INITIATIVE TO SUPPORT BUSINESS INTEGRITY AND ANTI-BRIBERY EFFORTS IN AFRICA

This joint Initiative with the AfDB supports governments in their efforts to fight bribery and corruption

and aims to boost pri vate sector competitiveness by promoting standards of corporate integrity and

accountability. Working in partnership with other international and regional organisations, as well as

with key stakeholders in the region, the Initiative aims at supporting the AU Convention on Preventing

and Combating Corruption, the UN Convention Against Corruption and the OECD Anti-Bribery

Convention. It was launched in 2011 with the adoption of the Anti-Bribery and Business Integrity

Course of Action at the Initiatives first regional experts meeting in Lilongwe, Malawi.

The Course of Action sets out specific steps that African countries will undertake and will serve as

the basis for future work. These steps are based on recommendations made after the completion

of a two-yearStocktaking Report of Business Integr ity and Anti-Bribery Legislation, Polic ies and

Practices in Twenty African Countries . The report concludes with a set of recommendations for

supporting countries' business integrity and anti-bribery efforts, and strengthening their existing

frameworks and practices.

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Business Integrity in the Extractive Sector

Minerals extracted, traded and handled in conflict-affected and high-risk areas are associated with

financing parties to the conflict, corruption, financial crime, fraudulent misrepresentation of country

of origin and chain of custody, tax evasion and violations of human rights, labour rights and inter-

national humanitarian law.The OECD Pilot Project in the Mining and Minerals Sector is carried out

through a multi-stakeholder OECD-hosted working group that includes OECD and African countries,

international organisations, regional organisations, metal traders and suppliers, and experts.

The OECD-UN Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-

Affected and High-Risk Areasprovides management recommendations for responsible global sup-

ply chains of minerals to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict

through their mineral or metal purchasing decisions and practices. With the OECD Guidance in

place, momentum is building in the region towards increased regulation of the mining sector. In

Central Africa today, robust measures are being taken by host governments (e.g. the Democratic

Republic of Congo and Rwanda) and OECD governments (e.g. US Dodd-Frank Act, section 1502;

EU Directives being developed). These initiatives provide an unprecedented opportunity to sever

the link between conflict and minerals.

www.oecd.org/daf/investment/mining

OECD Due Diligence Guidance for

Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals

from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk

Areas

(English, French)

ISBN 9789264185012


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www.oecd.org/daf/briberyininternationalbusiness

CONVENTION ONCOMBATING BRIBERY

OF FOREIGN PUBLIC

OFFICIALS IN

INTERNATIONAL

BUSINESS

TRANSACTIONS

and Related Documents

Convention on Combating Bribery of

Foreign Public Officials in International

Business Transactions

(English, French)

OECD Anti-Bribery Convention

The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business

Transactions(OECD Anti-Bribery Convention) has captured worldwide attention as the only g lobal

instrument focused on fighting the supply side of bribery in cross-border business deals. There are

currently 40 State Parties to the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention (34 OECD member countries and

six partner economies). South Africa ratified the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in 2007. It is the

first African country to do so. The country will undergo the third evaluation of its implementation

of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in 2013.

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CENTRE FOR AFRICAN PUBLIC DEBT MANAGEMENT AND BOND MARKETS

The OECD Forum on African Public Debt Management and Bond Markets is

an annual forum that addresses strategic policy issues in the area of public debt

management, shares experience on OECD best practices and specific bond market

development issues of particular relevance to Africa.

A Memorandum of Understanding , signed by the OECD Secretary-General and

South Africas Minister of Finance Pravin Gordhan in 2011, established a partnership

between the National Treasury of South Africa and the OECD to jointly support

the Centre for African Public Debt Management and Bond Markets. This Centre

is located at the DBSA in Midrand. The Centres main mission is to support policy

dialogue amongst public debt managers, market participants and other public

officials, to collect and disseminate data and other information on government

debt and bond markets in Africa and to support capacity-building activities. The

annual meetings of the Forum on African Public Debt Management and Bond

Markets are held at the Centre.

50th Anniversary OECD FORUM 2011Signing Ceremony with South AfricaOECD Headquarters, Paris France

"With the most advanced financialmarket on the African continent, welook forward to partnering with theOECD in facilitating and buildingcapacity of our neighbours in the

region"Pravin Gordhan,South African Finance Minister


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As par t of a G8/G20 action plan for developing bond markets in emergi ng markets, the OECD has

also launched a database of African central government debt, using OECD methodology to produce

reliable statistical data that can lead to comparative analysis and policy recommendations.

www.oecd.org/daf/pdm/africa www.publicdebtnet.org

African Central Government Debt 2012:

Statistical Yearbook

ISBN 9789264090699

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AFRICAN COMPETITION FORUM (ACF)

The OECD is one of the international organisations participating in the ACF, together with the United

Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), CUTS International (Consumer Unity &

Trust Society), World Bank, EU and SADC. The ACF was launched in Nairobi, Kenya, in 2011. Its principal

objective is to promote the adoption of competition principles in the implementation of national

and regional economic policies of African countries. Fighting bid rigging is a priority project for the

ACF. Bid r igging in public procurement has serious adverse effects on the economy and wastes large

amounts of public expenditure by raising the price of goods and services purchased by governments.

The OECD has worked with the South African Competition Commission to develop a successfulanti-bid rigging programme which has already provided support to over 250 senior procurement

officials across the government and SOEs. A certification of compliance was launched together with

the National Treasury, in line with best practices set out in the OECD Guidelines for Fighting Bid

Rigging in Public Procurement. Furthermore, the South African Public Administration Leadership

and Management Academy and the OECD developed a training module on bid rigging, as part of

a national training programme for public procurement officials.

The OECD has also developed a Competition Assessment Toolkit,which helps governments eliminate barriers to competition by

providing a method for identifying unn ecessary restraints on market activities and for developing alternative, less restrictive measures

that still achieve government policy objectives. www.oecd.org/competition/toolkit

www.oecd.org/competition/bidrigging

COMPETITION THE KEY TO PRODUCTIVITY AND GROWTH

GUIDELINES FOR

FIGHTING BID RIGGING

IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENTHelping governments to obtain best value for money

Guidelines for Fighting Bid Rigging in

Public Procurement

(English, French)


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Official Development Assistance (ODA) to Africa

Top 10 ODA receipts by recipientUSD million, net disbursements in 2011

1 Congo, Dem. Rep. 5 522 11%

2 Ethiopia 3 563 7%

3 Kenya 2 474 5%

4 Tanzania 2 445 5%

5 Mozambique 2 047 4%

6 Ghana 1 815 4%

7 Nigeria 1 813 4%

8 Uganda 1 580 3%

9 Cote d'Ivoire 1 437 3%

10 Rwanda 1 278 2%

Other recipients 27 286 53%

Total 51 261 100%

Top 10 ODA donorsUSD million, net disbursements in 2011

1 United States 9 423 18%

2 EU institutions 5 475 11%

3 IDA 4 739 9%

4 France 4 641 9%

5 United Kingdom 3 409 7%

6 Germany 2 575 5%

7 AfDB 2 272 4%

8 Japan 1 708 3%

9 Canada 1 545 3%

10 Global Fund 1 534 3%

Other donors 13 939 27%

Total 51 261 100%

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Sectors in 2011Commitments

ODA by income groupUSD mill ion, 2011, net disbursements

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

n Social 40% n Economic 14% n Humanitarian 11% n Production 10% n Multisector 8% nGeneral Programme Aid 8%n Debt 7% n Others 1%

nLeast Developed Countries

nOther Low Income

nLower Middle Income

nUpper Middle Income

nUnspecified

30 412

4 279

7 966

5 039

3 565

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The OECD/DAC annually collects, analyses and publishes data on aid and other resource flows (trade, foreign direct investment,

remittances, illicit flows, peacekeeping expenditures) in countries affected by conflict, more than half of which are in sub-Saharan Africa.

e: estimates, p: projectionsSource: UNCTAD, OECD/DAC and World Bank. GDP forecast for 2012 from IMF World Economic Outl ook

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) overtook Official Development Assistance (ODA) in 2005, but has yet to recover to its peak value of 2008.

The OECD has tracked aid for environmental purposes for over two decades. Since 2000, it has done so for aid targeted to the three

Rio Conventions on biodiversity, desertification and climate change. These data are publicly available and can be sorted by recipient

region and country revealing how much aid fl ows to Africa in each of these three areas. www.oecd.org/dac/stats/rioconventions

0.05

0.0550.060.0650.070.0750.080.0850.090.0950.10.1050.11

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

FDI ODA Remittances Total external flows (right axis, % of GDP)

USDbillions

%G

DP

External financial flows to Africa

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011(

e)

2012(

f)

34


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www.paris21.org

STATISTICAL CAPACITY BUILDING

The OECD hosts the Secretariat of the Partnership in Statistics for Development in the 21st Century (PARIS21),

which supports African countries in the development of their statistical capacity. Its assistance is centred on

helping countries to design, implement and monitor National Strategies for the Development of Statistics

(NSDS). Activities include methodological guidance on NSDS processes, advocacy and facilitation of co-

ordination with national and international partners. PARIS21 also provides support for the mainstreaming of statistics into high level

policy discussions (e.g. integrating statistical development into national development policies) and conducts annual surveys of technical

and financial support to statistics in all developing countries through the Partner Report on Support to Statistics (PRESS). PARIS21 also

implements the Accelerated Data Program with the World Bank, which has been instrumental in making survey microdata accessible

to the users in more than 25 African countries.

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KEY DEVELOPMENT ISSUES

The OECD/DAC is engaged in policy analysis and dialogue on key development issues. Some specific examples include:

The establishment of a monitoring system on Aid-for-Trade,jointly with the WTO, to improve trade capacity in Africa and

other developing regions.

Policy work on Arme d Viol ence Reduction (AVR), with a strong focus on Africa, including large-scale mapping of AVR

prevention activities in Burundi, Liberi a and South Africa and specific programming notes on how to reduce urban and youth

violence.

Enhanced co-ordination with UNECA, the African Governance Initiative, as well as national accountability institutions

around common anti-corruptionresponse principles. Thi s work is undertaken by the OECD/DAC Network on Governance

(GOVNET) to support greater domestic accountability in a number of African countries. Several case studies are underway and

multi-stakeholder dialogues on improving donor support for enhanced domestic accountability will take place in a number of

African countries, including Mali and Mozambique. In addition, a joint GOVNET/ International Network on Conflict and Fragility

(INCAF) effort aims to avoid the potential negative effects of salary top-ups, per diems, and other sometimes necessary benefits

provided to public sector personnel in developing countries in order to implement development projects or other reforms.

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36

www.oecd.org/aidfortrade www.oecd.org/dac/conflictandfragility www.oecd.org/dac/governanceanddevelopment

Aid for Trade at a Glance 2011:

Showing Results

(English, French, Spanish)

ISBN 9789287037800

Investing in Security:

A Global Assessment of Armed Violence

Reduction Initiatives

ISBN 9789264124530

International Drivers of Corruption

A Tool for Analysis

ISBN 9789264167506

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THE POST 2015 AGENDA AND FRAMEWORK

The global development landscape has changed tremendously since the

MDGs were defined in 2000-2001. There is a range of new developments

and challenges, which any post-2015 agenda would need to acknowledge and

address. In addition, the importance of developing and emerging countries

within this changing context is growing. For the post 2015 framework to

be truly global, development goals would need to relate to challenges that

concern all countries, and that ought to be addressed through joint and/or

co-operative approaches involving all countries.

In order to define a successful post-2015 development agenda and

framework, the needs and views of developing countries must figure highly

genuine participatory, global discussi ons will be critical . As 2015 approaches,

the OECD plans to continue engaging with African countries. It has laid out

plans to do so in its Programme of Work 2013-14.

South Africa believes that theEnhanced Engagement processserves as an opportunity tobuild partnership with theOECD through a strengthenedrelationship and a more

structured interaction, based on mutualinterests. The success of EnhancedEngagement will depend on our willingnessto establish mutually beneficial areas ofwork and monitor progress.

HE Dolana Msimang,Ambassador of South Africa to France

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www.oecd.org/site/netfwd

GLOBAL NETWORK OF FOUNDATIONS WORKING FOR DEVELOPMENT (NETFWD)

The OECDs recently launched netFWD offers an innovative and informal forum for continuous policy dialogue

and knowledge sharing. NetFWD helps promote social and economic progress by facilitating synergies between

foundations and linking foundations experience and innovative approaches with the policy debate. Three African

foundations are members of the network: the African Capacity Building Foundation, the Olusegun Obasanjo

Foundation and the Mo Ibrahim Foundation.

NetFWD has a two-fold objective: first, to influence the policy agenda of the OECD and of other international fora and processes;

second, to help foundations share what works and what does not on issues ranging from how to support youth employment to

performance-based funding, new models of venture philanthropy and approaches to increasing impact.

NetFWD was established in the context of the OECD Strategy on Development adopted by Ministers in May 2012. The OECD Strategy

on Development was called for at the OECDs 50th Anniversary Council Meeting at Ministerial level by Secretary Clinton in 2011 and

endorsed one year later. The framework outlin es the Organisations contribution to development in the years to come, and seeks to

achieve higher, more inclusive, sustainable growth for the widest number of countries.

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OTHER FORMS OF CO-OPERATION

OECD STRATEGY ON DEVELOPMENT

Development is multidimensional. It requires approaches that cut across different policy areas and tap into the diverse experiences

and knowledge of countries, stakeholders and policy communities. It calls for inclusive dialogue, in which countries and people can

learn from each other.

With these objectives in mind, the OECD Strategy on Development aims to improve policy coherence for development, enhance

mechanisms for sharing experiences to upgrade policy frameworks and skills, and ensure that policy recommendations are relevant

for countries at different stages of development.

The Strategy identifies four thematic areas where the OECDs work adds value to other international efforts and responds to the

demands and needs of developing and emerging countries: (i) innovative and sustainable sources of growth; (ii) mobilisation of

resources for development; (iii)governance for development; and (iv)measuring progress for development.

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www.oecd.org/eco/surveys

ECONOMICS AND GROWTH

Economic Surveys

The OECD produces Economic Surveys once a biennium for its Key Partners

(Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and South Africa), just as it does for member

countries. The 2013 Economic Survey of South Africaincludes two structural

policy chapters: one on education and the other on Green Growth, focused

on climate change and water (see the sections on Green Growth and

Environmental Performance Reviews). It also deals with macroeconomic and

labour market issues and, for the first time, contains an annex on progress in

structural reforms, following the same format as member country Surveys.

Africa can benefit fromOECDs policy tools to reducepoverty and achieve sustainableeconomic growth. In turn, theOrganizations knowledge poolcan be enriched by the regions

challenges and unique experience. Closerco-operation between the OECD andAfrica will prove useful in the search for amore inclusive globalisation process thatmay benefit all.

HE Agustn Garca-Lpez,Ambassador of Mexico to the OECD

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Going for Growth

Going for Growthis an OECD flagship publication alongside the OECD Economic Outlookand OECD

Economic Surveys. This annual report provides an overview of structural policy developments in

OECD countries and si x other major emerging market economies from a comparative perspective,

including South Africa. Based on a broad set of indicators of structural policies and performance, each

edition takes stock of recent progress in implementing policy reforms to improve labour productivity

and utilisation. The set of internationally comparable indicators provided here enables countries to

assess their economic performance and structural po licies in a broad range of areas.

Economic Policy Reforms 2012:

Going for Growth

(English, French)

ISBN 9789264168251

www.goingforgrowth.org

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Green Growth

The OECD Green Growth Strategy provides a clear framework for how countries can achieve

economic growth and development while preventing costly environmental degradation, climate

change and inefficient use of natural resources. The Strategy identifies common principles and

challenges but shows that there is no one-size-fits-all prescription for implementing Green Growth.

The context for Green Growth in Africa and in other developing countries is different from that in

developed and emerging countries, as high poverty rates and the need for accelerated development

change the trade-offs between environmental benefits and human welfare. Each country needs to

devise a strategy tailored to its own circumstances. In all cases, to be sustainable, strategies have to be

inclusive and open. Growth has to reduce inequality and the tensions it generates. Green cannot

be an excuse for protectionism, deprivin g citizens of choice, driving up costs and stifling innovation.

INCLUSIVEGREEN GROWTH:

FOR THE FUTURE

WE WANT

OECD WORK

2012

i r h ur [f] [u t 1] L ut 1 / / 1 1 :

Inclusive Green Growth:

For the Future we Want

(English, French)

www.oecd.org/greengrowth/futurewewant.htm

www.oecd.org/greengrowth/indicators

The Strategy also proposes a measurement framework and indicators that can help countries track their progress towards Green Growth.

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The report Green Growth and Developing Countries presents relevant national frameworks and

a range of policy instruments, and details of how these can be supported by the international

community through existing mechanisms and policy coherence for development. A consultation

draft of the report is available online. The report will be completed in 2013.

The OECD is also helping countries to identify the specific policy mixes that can be used to successfully

tailor Green Growth approaches to their own country circumstances. Both the 2013 Economic Survey

and the forthcoming Environmental Performance Review of South Africa cover Green Growth

considerations.

As part of an ongoing effort to engage with developing countries and with region al partners that are

pursuing Green Growth objectives, the AfDB and the OECD agreed to work together to organise two

regional workshops in Africa in 2013. The OECD is also working with the Ethiopian Environmental

Protection Agency on a Green Growth case study.

The OECD recently established a Green Growth and Sustainable Development Forum to provide a dedicated forum for multi-

disciplinary dialogue on Green Growth and sustainable development across a range of government actors and other experts.

www.oecd.org/greengrowth/ggsdforum.htm

To identify and address major knowledge gaps in Green Growth theory and practise, the OECD has al so joined forces with the Global

Green Growth Institute, the UN Environment Programme and the World Bank to establish the Green Growth Knowledge Platform

that provides support to policy makers and practitioners. www.greengrowthknowledge.org

OECD Green Growth Papers

Green Growthand Developing Countries

CONSULTATION DRAFT

June2012

Green Growth and Developing

Countries: Consultation Draft

www.oecd.org/dac/greengrowth

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TOURISM

Since the countrys first democratic elections in 1994, international tourist arrivals to South Africa

have surged. Tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the economy, and has been i dentified

as one of the six pillars of the countrys economic growth strategy. Reflecting its position as one of

the worlds major emerging tourism economies, South Africa joined Egypt as the second African

Participant in the OECD Tourism Committee in 2012.

Egypt and South Africa play an active role in Tourism Committee activities, and have contributed

to the flagship publication, OECD Tourism Trends and Policies, in both 2010 and 2012. The current

edition focuses on competitiveness, governance, skills and policy evaluation issues, highlighting the

important role of tourism as an economic driver, an export industry, and an engine for j ob creation,

in both emerging and established tourism economies. It serves as an international reference and

benchmark on how effectively countries are supporting competitiveness, innovation and growth in

tourism, through thematic chapters and 51 country-specific policy and statistical profiles.

www.oecd.org/cfe/tourism

OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2012

(English, French)

ISBN 9789264177550

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TRADE

The OECD carries out substantial analytical and policy-related

work in the trade area. In recent years, the organisation has

undertaken studies on trade facilitation, trade in services, non-

tariff barriers, comparative advantage, trade and structural

adjustment, (agricultural) trade and employment, and linkages

between trade policy and foreign direct investment in the agro-

food sector in African economies.

The publication Globalisation and Emerging Economies: Brazil,

Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa analyses key

elements of the trade performance of these countries, in relation

to the rest of the world, focusing on trade and other policies

influencing that performance. It also presents a separate chapter

for each country. The report Policy Priorities for International

Trade and Jobsincludes a chapter on Regional integration and

employment effects in SADC and a chapter on Regional trade

and employment in ECOWAS.

www.oecd.org/trade

Policy Priorities for International

Trade and Jobs

ISBN 9789264180178

Globalisation and Emerging Economies

Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China

and South Africa

ISBN 9789264044807

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Building on this analytical foundation, the OECD promotes engagement among interested parties through regional events or its Global

Forums on Trade and Agriculture.

Africa s trade with the wor ld, by main partn ers 200 0-2011 (in bill ion USD)

Source: OECD Development Centre (calculations based on ComTrade data: SITC Rev.3)

After a sharp fall i n 2009, African trade wi th the rest of the world has bounced back. However, the trend of recovery is un even across

the partners. In particular, Chinas trade with Africa rebounded the strongest.

0

100

200

300400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

China

Other Emerging

Other Traditional

USA

EU25 (exclude Bulgaria and Romania)

Billon USD

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AGRICULTURE

In the face of volatile and risi ng food prices, rapid population growth, and climate change, governments are increasingly recognising the

value of greater investment in agricultural research and development (R&D) as an essential element to increase agricultural productivity.

The OECD and the Food and Agriculture

Organisation of the UN (FAO) publish

annually the OECD-FAO Agricultural

Outlook, wh ich as sesses agri cu lt ura l

trends in African counties. Africa also

features in the publications Agricultural

Policies for Poverty Reduction and

Improving Agricultural Knowledge and

Innovation Systems.

www.agri-outlook.org www.oecd.org/agriculture

Improving Agricultural

Knowledge and Innovation

Systems

ISBN 9789264167438

Agricultural Policies for Poverty

Reduction

ISBN 9789264168633

OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook

2012-2021

(English, French)

ISBN 9789264173026

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ENVIRONMENT

Climate Change

The OECD publication Economic Aspects of Adaptation to Climate Change: Costs, Benefits and Policy Instruments, assesses the costs

and benefits of adaptation in key climate sensitive sectors, as well as at national and global levels.

The Policy Guidance on Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operationincludes examples of adaptation

actions from Cameroon, Malawi, Kenya and South Africa.

The OECD report Towards a Green Investment Policy Framework: The Case of Low-Carbon, Climate-Resilient Infrastructureprovides

a policy framework that aims to integrate climate and investment policy to align incentives and establi sh strong enabling conditions for

green private investment. The elements of this green investment policy framework have been tested in South Africa through a case

study, Financin g Solar Water Heating Systems in Sustainable Housing Developments.

www.oecd.org/env/cc

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TOWARDS A

GREEN INVESTMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK

The Case of Low-Carbon, Climate-Resilient Infrastructure

OECD Staff consultation draft, 18 June 2012

This report isa revisedand shortened version of: Policy Framework forLow-Carbon, Climate-Resilient

Investment: theCase of Infrastructure Development, which wasfirst submitted to the Working Party on

Climate, Investment and Development (WPCID)and the Working Party of the Investment Committee in

October2011. It ispart of the jointproject between the Environment Policy Committee and the

Investment Committee onEngaging the Private Sectorin Financing Climate Change Action[COM/DAF/INV/ENV/EPOC(2011)2].

This version incorporatescommentsreceived fromDelegates. Thereport was alsothe subjectof a

consultation with governmentsand external expertsheld in the marginsof the UNFramework

Convention on Climate Change talksin Bonn (15 May2012).

The authors would like to invite commentson thisdraft report. If received by 17 August,they will be

considered and incorporated into the final working paper version of the document ( scheduled for

September 2012).

Contacts:

Jan Corfee-Morlot, Email: [email protected], Tel: + 33 1 45 24 79 24 and

Virginie Marchal, Email: [email protected], Tel: + 33 1 45 24 79 02 (Environment

Directorate); KarimDahou, Email:[email protected] , Tel: + 33 1 45 24 19 38 (Directorate for

Financial and Enterprise Affairs)

Towards a Green Investment

Policy Framework:

The Case of Low-Carbon,

Climate-Resilient Infrastructure

DOI 10.1787/5k8zth7s6s6d-en

Integrating Climate Change

Adaptation into Development

Co-operation

(English, French)

ISBN 9789264054769

Economic Aspects of Adaptation

to Climate Change

Costs, Benefits and Policy

Instruments

(English, French)ISBN 9789264046030

The OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group (CCXG) has worked with a number of African countries, which participated actively in

some of the meetings of the Global Forum on the Environment, which it organised. It has publi shed a case study of Climate Finance in

Tanzania, which is available on its webpage. www.oecd.org/env/cc/ccxg

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Environmental Performance Reviews

The OECD Environmental Performance Review (EPR) of South Africa focuses on progress in achieving national and international

environmental goals i n South Africa. It identifies achievements as well as areas for further progress. OECD EPRs provide mutually agreedrecommendations to support environmental progress and reforms in the reviewed countries, in li ne with good international practices.

www.oecd.org/environment/environmentalcountryreviews

Environmental Taxation

Environmental taxes have many important advantages, such as environmental effectiveness, economic efficiency, the ability to raisepublic revenue, and transparency. South Africa has been actively involved in the OECD work related to Tax and Environment, and has

provided inputs to the OECD/European Environment Agency database on instruments used for environmental policy and natural

resources management.

www.oecd.org/env/policies/database

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Chemicals, Nanomaterials, and Biotechnology

South Africa is a full participant in the OECD Mutual Acceptance of Data system, a multilateral agreement that allows sharing the results

of a variety of safety tests done on chemicals and chemical products across adhering countries. The country is a regular Participant inthe Chemicals Committee and in 2012 the South African Delegate was elected as Chair of the Working Group on Good Laboratory

Practice (GLP). In addition, South Africa has a well established strategy for addressing the emerging field of nanotechnology and

nanoscience and participates actively in the OECDs programme on the safety of manufactured nanomaterials. Currently, it is leading

the safety testing of gold nanoparticl es.

www.oecd.org/env/chemicalsafetyandbiosafety

South Africa also provides expertise on tropical crops such as sugarcane, and is strengthening its participation in the Working Groupon the Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology, which focuses on environmental safety assessment. Currently, it is

leading the drafting of an environmental safety consensus document on sorghum.

www.oecd.org/biotrack

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ENERGY

The publication Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries 2012contains data on energy supply and consumption in ori ginal units for

coal, oil, natural gas, electri city, heat, renewable and waste for over 100 non-OECD countries, in cluding Africa.

www.iea.org

Energy Statistics of Non-OECD

Countries 2012ISBN 9789264174597

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www.oecd-nea.org

The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is a specialised agency within the OECD that assists its member countries in maintaining and further

developing the scientific, technological and legal bases required for the safe, environmentally friendly and economical use of nuclear

energy for peaceful purposes.

South Africa is a member or the Multinational Design Evaluation Programme (MDEP) and the Generation IV International Forum (GIF).

The MDEP brings together the nuclear regulators to co-operate on safety design reviews of new reactors and to identify opportunities

for harmonisation and convergence of safety licensing review practices and requirements. www.oecd-nea.org/mdep

The GIF is a co-operative international endeavour carrying out the R&D needed to establish the feasibility and performance capabilities

of the next generation of nuclear energy systems. www.gen-4.org

South Africa is also a member of the NEA High-level Group on the Security of Supply of Medical Radioisotopes, used in over

30 million medical examinations worldwide each year. www.oecd-nea.org/med-radio

Finally, the NEA programme of work includes a forthcoming study on Managing Health and Environmental Impacts of Uranium

Mines,which will be of interest to uranium-producing countries such as Malawi, Namibia, Niger and South Africa.

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EDUCATION

OECD evidence shows that investing in education pays off

socially and economically. Human capital promotes sustainedeconomic growth, increases competitiveness, and fosters health

and wellbeing. Today, governments in Africa and around the

world face new challenges in maximising the returns on their

educational investments. The OECD provides policy support

for better education and human capital development. Together

with the Association for the Development of Education in Africa

(ADEA), it conducted peer reviews of education systems inGabon and Mauritius and published a regional review of higher

education in the Free State Province of South Africa in 2012.

In addition to providing tailored policy support, the OECD

invites representatives of African economies to participate in

various education-related initiatives. In the area of higher education, for example, institutions from Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria and

South Africa are members of the Institutional Management in Higher Education (IMHE) Programme, which brings together highereducation institutions and governments to share best practices, ideas and potential models to meet these challenges through networks,

studies and research. www.oecd.org/edu/imhe

www.oecd.org/edu

Higher Education in Regional and

City Development:

The Free State, South Africa 2012

ISBN 9789264169142

Better Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives

A Strategic Approach to Skills Policies

(English, French)

ISBN 9789264177291

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Financial Education

As the level of fi nancial li teracy and awareness remains low and unequall y distributed, many African

governments are showing rising interest in developing financial education initiatives. The importanceattached to financial education is reflected in the development of National Strategies for Financial

Education and in the growing number of African countries that have joined the OECD International

Network for Financial Education (INFE). This Network draws together 20 countries in Africa and

over 100 overall to strengthen information sharing and policy dialogue, collect data and develop

policy instruments on financial education. In 2013 Kenya will host an OECD-World Bank event to

look further into this topic.

www.financial-education.org www.oecd.org/daf/financialeducation

Pleasecitethis paperas:

Messy,F.and C.Monticone(2012),TheStatusofFinancialEducationin Africa,OECDWorking PapersonFinance,Insuranceand PrivatePensions,No.25, OECDPublishing.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k94cqqx90wl-en

OECD Working Papers on Finance,Insurance and Private Pensions No. 25

The Status of Financial

Education in Africa

Flore-Anne Messy, Chiara Monticone

JEL Classification: D14, D18, I28, O16

The Status of Financial Education

in Africa

ISBN 9789264107908

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SCIENCE AND INNOVATION

Innovation, Higher Education and Research for Development (IHERD)

The OECD has initiated the four-year programme IHERD with support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation

Agency, Sida. Its overall object ive is to increase strategic and coherent investments in innovation, higher education and research which

are relevant to global development.

Afric a is a priori ty area of the IHERD progra mme. Severa l case studies have been carried out , such as on the research funding

systems in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and South Africa, as well as a case study on centres of excellence as a tool for capacity building i n

South Africa or a case study on the Pan-African University Initiative. Future IHERD activity with a focus on Africa includes a workshopon the effectiveness of research and innovation management in sub-Saharan Africa. African countries will be invited to join in other

IHERD activities in 2013-14.

www.oecd.org/iherd

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OECD Innovation Strategy

Endorsing a broader concept of innovation than just science-based technological innovation, the

OECD Innovation Strategy recommends policy principles for governments to promote innovationby empowering people to i nnovate, unleashing innovation in firms, creating and applying knowledge,

applying innovation to address global and social challenges, and improving the governance of policies

for innovation.

The OECD and the Department of Science and Technology of South Africa co-organised an

Innovation Strategy Roundtable in Pretoria, South Africa i n 2012, to review the progress made since

the 2007 OECD Innovation Policy Review of South Africa, and identified further challen ges.

South Africa has played a leading role in work conducted under the Committee for Scientific and

Technological Policy on the governance of international scientific co-operation designed to tackle

major societal challenges. The OECD may undertake a second OECD Review of Innovation Policy

in South Africa, as well as a review of innovation in the SADC area.

www.oecd.org/innovation/strategy

OECD Science, Technology and

Industry Outlook 2012

(English, French)

ISBN 9789264170322

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Measuring Innovation

African countries have a growing interest in OECD measurement standards in science, technolog y

and innovation. South Africa actively participates in the Working Party of National Experts on Scienceand Technology Indicators (NESTI) and its statistics appear in the Main Science and Technology

Indicators (MSTI). Also participating in NESTI i s NEPAD, which supports R&D and innovation surveys

in 19 African countries.

The OECDs methodologies and indicators on innovation increasingly include developing and

emerging countries. For instance, the joint OECD/Eurostat Oslo Manual (which sets international

standards for collecting and interpreting innovation statistics of firms) features a new annex ondesigning innovation surveys in developing countries. Ongoing work on the Frascati Manual (the

standard of conduct for R&D surveys and data collection) aims to help measure the nature and role

of R&D in developing countries. Moreover, the OECD is a member of the Partnership on Measuring

ICT for Development, and produced the OECD Guide to Measuring the Information Society.

In addition, OECD flagship publi cations such as the OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard, the OECD Communications

Outlook, and the OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook, increasingly i nclude data from African countries .

www.oecd.org/sti/msti www.oecd.org/sti/innovation/reviews

OECD Science, Technology and

Industry Scoreboard 2011

ISBN 9789264111653

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Innovation and Knowledge for Inclusive Development

The OECD and South Africas Department of Science and Technology co-organised an international

conference on Inn ovation and Knowledge for Inclusive Development in Cape Town, South Africa in2012. The conference focused on two key issues: First, how different income groups can benefit more

from innovation, and second, how these g roups can themselves play a greater role in the innovation

process. Attention was given to the role of innovation in both economic and social development.

The conference aimed to provide a pl atform for exchange of practices and perspectives from both

emerging and OECD economies. South Africa will be one of the key players of the OECD project

on Innovation and Knowledge for Inclusive Development to be carried out in 2013-14. The report

Innovation and the Development Agendaexamines the role of innovation in developing countries,with a focus on Africa.

www.oecd.org/sti/innovation/development

Innovation and the Development

Agenda

ISBN 9789264088917

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Internet Economy

The Internet and communications infrastructure is a key platform to conduct business, connect people

and provide government services. During the uprising in Egypt in 2011, Internet and communicationsservices were shut down for five days. The OECD estimated and published the d irect costs for this at

USD 90 million. This was the beginning of a new OECD project to measure the size of the Internet

economy.

The OECD partnered with UNESCO and the Internet Society (ISOC) to examine the relationship

between Internet infrastructure, Internet prices and the development of local digital content. The

project included separate case studies on the development of local content in seven countriesincluding Egypt, Kenya and Senegal, and a review of the mobile sector in Uganda. This research

showed a strong correlation between the development of network infrastructure and the growth

of local content.

www.oecd.org/sti/interneteconomy

OECD Internet Economy Outlook 2012

ISBN 9789264086456

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EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS

The OECDs Local Employment and Economic Development programme (LEED) ai ms to contribute to the creation of more and better

jobs through effective policy implementation, innovative pract ices, entrepreneurshi p, stronger capacit ies and integrated strategies ata local l evel. South Africa is an OECD LEED member country. www.oecd.org/cfe/leed

Tackling Inequalities in Brazil, China, India and South Africa: The Role of Labour Market and Social Policies focuses on the

role of growth and employment/unemployment developments in explaining recent income

inequality trends in Brazil, China, India and South Africa, and discusses the roles played

by labour market and social policies in both shaping and addressing these inequalities.

www.oecd.org/els/social/inequality

The OECD also undertook a study on trends in South African income distributi on and poverty since

the fall of Apartheid. A final version was issued as an OECD Social, Employment and Migration

Working Paper. www.oecd.org/els/workingpapers

In order to ensure that pension reforms are both financially and socially sustainable, it is essential

to monitor the outcomes of changes in pension system parameters and rules. OECD Pensions ata Glancemonitors pension systems and pension policies in OECD countries and G20 countries

including South Africa. www.oecd.org/els/social/pensions/PAG

Tackling Inequalities in Brazil, China,

India and South Africa: The Role of

Labour Market and Social Policies

ISBN 9789264088351

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GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMENS EMPOWERMENT

The OECD Gender Initiative provides analysis on the barriers to gender equality in the three Es (Education, Employment and

Entrepreneurship). The report Closing the Gender Gap: Act Now includes analysis for selected African countries in areas such aseducational attainment, the school to work transition, informal employment, and womens access to credit.

The OECDs Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) measures discrimination against women for over 100 non-OECD countries,

including 43 African countries. The SIGI uses 1 4 unique in dicators groups into five dimensions: Discriminatory Family Code, Restricted

Physical Integrity, Son Bias, Restricted Resources and Entitlements, and Restricted Civil Liberties. While conventional indicators of gender

inequality focus on outcomes such as employment and education, the SIGI is unique in focusing on underlying drivers of inequality

such as discrimination in the family, violence against women and womens restricted access to land.

The Gender, Institutions and Development Database (GID-DB) provides easy-access data for African countries includi ng the overall SIGI

rankings, scores for each SIGI dimension and the individual variables. The genderindex.org website contains detailed country profiles

for each country, providing contextual analysis on discrimi nation against women. www.genderindex.org

The OECD, through the Network on Gender Equality, provides a platform for mutual learning and exchange on strengthening womens

empowerment in developing countries. A workshop on food security and land rights to empower rural women was organised inEthiopia in 2012, together with the United Nations Inter-Agency Network on Women and Gender Equality.

www.oecd.