Lesson 6 Academic PaperResults Section

Kansai University Spring 2011

Body of Academic Paper (1)

Introduction Introductory Paragraph Literature Review Concluding Paragraph or Study Overview

Methods Introductory Paragraph Participants Step-by-step Description of Procedure Explanation of How Data was Analyzed Concluding Paragraph

Body of Academic Paper (2)

Results & Discussion Introductory Paragraph Present your data

Information about your data Tables and Figures

Explain your data Concluding Paragraph

Conclusion

Purpose of Results Section

The purpose of the Results Section is to report the results of your data analysis.

Describe how you analyzed the results related to your study.

Briefly mention any problems or missing data.

Avoid talking about whether your results were positive or negative. Save that for the Conclusion or Discussion Section.

Introductory Paragraph

Restate your hypothesis or the purpose of your research

Present the main findings of your data

Describe how you analyzed your data

Briefly state the results of your research

Write your introductory paragraph after you organized and explained your data.

Your Results (1) Tell us the answer immediately.

Describe what you found in your data. Start with BIG picture, then give detail.

Explain method of data analysis. Ex: How raw data was coded into useful data.

Explain special conditions related to obtaining your data.

Explain shortcomings or data that is missing.

Your Results (2) Provide tables and figures to easily

view your data. Tables and figures should be

understandable without reading your explanation.

Avoid putting too much data in one table. If there is a lot of data, separate them into

parts. Write a summary of the results of your

table or figures.

Discuss only your major findings (2-5).

Example of a Table

Citizenship Japan % USA %

Studied abroad

11 31% 7 20%

Facebook 8 23% 25 71%

Mixi 29 83% 2 6%

Skype 15 43% 20 57%

Table 1. Communication technologies used by 35 students

Example of a Figure

Study abroad

Facebook Mixi Skype0

25

50

75

100 Japan

Perc

en

t of

users

Figure 1. Student use of communication technologies

Publishing a Table

Citizenship Japan % USA %

Studied abroad

11 31% 7 20%

Facebook 8 23% 25 71%

Mixi 29 83% 2 6%

Skype 15 43% 20 57%

Table 1. Communication technologies used by 35 students

Publishing a Figure

Study abroad

Facebook Mixi Skype0

25

50

75

100Japan

Perc

ent

of

use

rs

Figure 1. Student use of communication technologies

Concluding Paragraph Summarize your research results.

Include main ideas of your results.

State key findings for your data.

State any shortcomings of your research.

Offer ideas for future research.

Keep this section short (1-2 paragraphs).

Conclusion This is an important section because

it shows what you learned from your research.

It should convince the reader that your hypothesis is correct.

Make some recommendations based on the results. Suggest ways for improving the

results. Offer ideas for future research.

Homework Write a title for the Result Section on

your Google Docs paper. If you have results for your academic

paper, write the results into your Google Document.

If you do not have any data, use today’s group results. This will serve as a example for your research.

Write reflections about what you learned and how you can apply what you learned when write your paper. Post reflection in FaceBook ADP Group.

Question and Answers

Kansai UniversitySpring 2011